"Ndani", "zimene" - choncho kodi? Affixes ndi mafunso awo

Nthawi zambiri mu ntchito ya kusanthula morphological m'pofunika mwachindunji nkhani parsed mawu. Mlanduwu - wina siyana ovuta kwambiri alipo lero mu chinenero cha Chirasha, koma m'pofunika kudziwa, kuphunzira kumvetsa nkhani zovuta parses molondola.

Mlanduwu chinenero cha Chirasha

Kukweza mawu gulu imfa zambiri amanena kuti chiŵerengero cha nauni kapena adjective mawu ena mu chiganizo chimodzi kapena liwu limene ndipamene pamodzi ndi mawu deta. Pa mfundo imeneyi chinenero cha Chirasha, pali 6 milandu yekha: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, malangizo ndi prepositional.

Kale chinenero cha Chirasha panali zambiri milandu, amene anathetsa pa nthawi, komanso wapawiri. Kumatikumbutsabe wa zinthuzo chinenero cha Chirasha Tingaone kuti tsopano, ena mwa mawu inakhazikitsidwa ku mawonekedwe vocative nkhani ya manauni ndi adjectives.

Nominative komanso zonse onse

The nauni zinachitikira nominative zimatsutsana ndi ena onse, chifukwa ali ndi ufulu wodzilamulira mu chinenero kalembedwe, zina amatchulidwa choncho ngati mwachindunji. Otsala 6 milandu ali mozungulira, iwo nthawizonse malingana ndi mawu ena ndipo mukhoza kufotokoza ubale osiyana syntactic mitundu inanso mawu.

Tanthauzo la milandu kuchita. Kuyankha funso "Ndani? Kodi? - Mulimonsemo ", inu athanso kuti izi ndi mlandu genitive, chifukwa ndi udindo nkhani zimenezi. Aliyense ali nkhani yake imfa ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa kudziwa udindo wa mawu funso.

Malingana ndi affixes?

Dziwani nkhani kungakhale osati pa, komanso pa mathero a. Ena affixes pafupifupi atathana mathero zimene zimadalira mtundu, chiwerengero ndi declension (manauni). Choncho, mawu a chikazi, mmodzi, nominative mlandu 1 declination adzakhala zogwirizana mapeto "a", "Ine".

Ngati inu kukumana ndi homonymy, mungathe kufufuza nkhani syntactic njira (kudzera ndi prepositions negotiated kapena kuti mawu m'chiganizo a). Ntchito njira zina, mwachitsanzo, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito njira za M'MALO, pamene mmalo a nauni "nkhandweyo" m'malo mwa mawu alipo kapena "Masha". Kudziwa miliri Amalimbikitsidwanso ntchito zonse za nkhani choncho.

Affixes ndi mafunso awo

Onsewa ali nkhani zina. mayankho Nominative funso "ndani? amene - "The genitive case," Kodi? zimene ", dative -" amene? Kodi "accusative -" Ndani? ? Kuti "malangizo -" ndi ndani? kuposa "prepositional -?" chiyani? kodi? ". Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso awa kudziwa manauni ndi adjectives milandu.

Ena affixes sapeza pretexts zina mwa zomwe kudziwa zimene malo kudzachotsa mawuwo m'chiganizo, ndi momwe izo ziyenera ankaiphwasula. Kudziwa miliri zotheka pamaso liwulo mawu m'malo nyumba zina, mwachitsanzo, kwa genitive - "ayi" (Palibe chimene), Pakuti dative - "kupereka", accusative - "mlandu" malangizo - "kulenga", prepositional - " ndinena. "

Mitundu ya milandu ya chinenero cha Chirasha

Tanthauzo lexical milandu lotchedwa pamaziko a ntchito imene amasewera chiweruzo. Mlandu mawonekedwe akhoza unalipo mu liwu limodzi, umatchedwa prislovnoy. Mlandu mawonekedwe amatanthauza yomweyo kumanga, iwo akutchedwa determinant.

mawonekedwe Determinant kawirikawiri m'chiyambi cha chiweruzo, izo si m'gulu akuti, ndi kuyika kumvetsera chiganizo lonse. Funso ayenera akayiyike pa maziko a zonse kapena mawu, kapena ndi chiganizo lonse nthawi imodzi. Onani mu kupereka n'zosavuta zokwanira, kawirikawiri si vuto kapena asukulu kapena ophunzira.

General matanthauzo lexical milandu

Makhalidwe a milandu akhoza kukhala achinsinsi kapena nawo, ndi kusankha kwawo umafuna n'chofunikira yaikulu malembedwe, ndi thandizo ake n'zotheka m'tsogolo kudziwa maganizo analipo kudziwa kapangidwe awo kalembedwe. Kuyankha funso "Ndani? Kodi? - Mulimonsemo, "n'kofunika kukumbukira mfundo ziwiri.

Chinthu mtengo wa mlandu zikutanthauza kuti, ngati chinthu amatanthauza kanthu kuti amachitira iye. Pamene mtengo wa mlandu subektnosti kanthu anachita ndi phunziro, limene ubale thereto. mtengo Attributive anganene ubale pakati pa ndalama angapo. Ndi mfundo adverbial simungathe kudziwa chikhalidwe cha nkhani amazionera ubale khalidwe adverbial. Kunja kwa gulu ili ndi nkhani likachitapo mtengo zina zofunika mawu awiri osakaniza ndi chimodzimodzi njira choncho.

Private mfundo za milandu: nominative

Kuwonjezera pa mfundo zikuluzikulu mukhoza kukhala affixes ndi ena, omwe atha kufotokozera uthenga okhala mlingo sekondale. ophunzira sukulu akufunsidwa kudziwa choncho okha tanthauzo lake ambiri, nthawi zina chifukwa cha pali zolakwika kuti tisalole ngakhale mphunzitsi, kuleza aiwala mapulogalamu sekondale.

Nominative akhoza kukhala ndi chapakati, cholinga, ndi mkhalidwe, appositive, attributive, nkhani-amadzadza ndi phindu adverbial. Palinso nkhani ya nominative pano, mawu mu nkhani iyi, kukhazikitsa mutu yopitiriza zina za nkhaniyo.

mfundo Private milandu oblique: genitive

Kumva funso, "Ndani? Kodi? - Mulimonsemo, "pali N'zosakayikitsa kuti ndi genitive ?. Wokhala genitive ogaŵikana priglagolnoe priimennoe ndi manenedwe mu nkhani iyi ndi bwino zokwanira, khalidwe loyamba osakaniza ndi dzina R. N, ndipo chachiwiri -. Ndi mneni.

Genitive priimenny ali ndi zopindulitsa, kapena maganizo, chonsecho, khalidwe kuwerengetsa, mbali TV chinthu. Palinso matenda winanso wa nkhani kapena phindu la kanthu, ndi kupezeka kwa nkhani, nudzaza makhalidwe monga mtundu partitive.

Genitive priglagolny komanso limayankha funso "ndani? chiyani? ", choncho ndi kudziwa palibe vuto. Iwo ali mwachindunji chinthu phindu kutchula chinthu kapena zoipa, komanso ankayembekezera mtengo (ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau omveka: pempho mukufuna kufufuza, etc ...).

mfundo Private milandu oblique: dative

Dative ndi priimennymi priglagolnymi ali mfundo inayake. Mbali yoyamba ndi mtengo wa kunja chinthu chimene anatumiza kanthu mwachindunji ndi mneni. Komanso priglagolny dative angakhale ndi phindu subjectivity mu ziganizo chabe, pamene anamutchula munthu kuona chikhalidwe kapena zimayambitsa.

Dative priimenny kawirikawiri ntchito chinenero chamakono Russian ndi zoona, pobwereza tanthauzo lexical wa adjective dative. Mu zina, akhoza kukhala attributive kufunika kokhala ndi zowawa za kopita: kudyetsa nsomba.

mfundo Private milandu oblique: accusative

Accusative priimenny mu chinenero chamakono Russian pafupifupi zimachokeradi, kotero zimagwiritsa ntchito priglagolny kutanthauza mawu a chinthu chotsatira kwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive, kapena mtengo wa miyeso ya malo ndi nthawi.

mfundo Private milandu oblique: ablative

Anaphatikiza zambiri imakhala ndi phindu priglagolnym mfuti kanthu, phunziro, zili ndi phindu adverbial. Iwo onse mwanjira amati kuchita ndi. Nkhani ndi akamasamalira-ablative-predicative mtengo mokwanira pafupi wina ndi mnzake ndi ntchito kasewenzetsedwe ka mau "anaona kuti ikhale yopanda chilema," etc. malangizo priimenny - .. zachilendo ku chinenerochi, kawirikawiri akubwereza mtengo priglagolnye.

mfundo Private milandu oblique: prepositional

Prepositional kwenikweni ali priglagolnymi chinthu ndi mfundo adverbial kuti imakhudzana ndi mwina chikhalidwe, zomverera, malingaliro kapena kulankhula ndi malo pafupi zomwe kanthu zidzachitika.

Prepositional priimenny kawirikawiri ntchito ndipo ali ofanana mtengo priglagolnomu. Ndi ambiri amangoti ntchito pamene chinthu amanena mfundo za quality, katundu ndi determinative khalidwe.

Pomaliza

Affixes ndi mafunso awo angakuthandizeni kudziwa osati mawonekedwe a mawu, komanso malo ake mkati chiganizocho, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pogwira morphological ndi syntactic kusanthula. Ngati pamafunika kukaonana ndi Buku khalidwe mabuku amene kukuchititsa imene imfa pazikhalanso mawu makamaka.