Mawonekedwe a mpumulo wa nsanja Siberia. Mchere wa ku Siberia Mal

Siberia nsanja, kapena. monga iwo ukutchedwa, ndi kum'mawa Siberia nsanja, kuti kuwasiyanitsa ku West Siberia ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za kafukufuku wa sayansi ya miyala Russian. Pa m'gawo lake lili madipoziti kwambiri mchere, kuwonjezera, kuphunzira mapangidwe ndi uliri pakali pano ndi chidwi mfundo mwangwiro sayansi view. Subsoil ndi mawonekedwe mpumulo wa nsanja Siberia chimwemwe maganizo a m'badwo kuposa wina asayansi. Tiyeni, ndipo ife tichita ndi nkhani yaikulu zokhudzana ndi gawo ili la kutumphuka chokhala.

malo Hrs

Choyamba kukapeza komwe mwachirengedwe ndi maziko a nsanja Siberia. misa Aika lili kum'mawa kwa Russia a Siberia ku Siberia ndi Far East Federal zigawozo. Kum'mwera, nsanja akubwera ndi gawo la Mongolia.

Kumadzulo ndi malire achilengedwe a njira ya Yenisei Mtsinje, kumpoto - phiri Byrranga pa Taimyr Peninsula kum'mawa - ndi Lena Mtsinje kum'mwera - Yablonovy zitunda, amakhala Dzhugdur ndi Pribaikalskaya dongosolo zolakwa.

Chigawo Geological Siberia nsanja ndi mbali ya lithosphere mbale Eurasian ndipo ili mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa izo. Kumadzulo izo adjoins Western Siberia nsanja, kumwera - ndi Ural-Mongolian lamba, kummawa - Western Pacific zone, ndi kumpoto-akukhavukira madzi a Ocean Arctic kuti kwambiri pachaka, zibisika pansi ayezi.

Mbiri ya maphunziro

Tsopano tiyeni tiphunzire kupanga thandizo lokwanira ndendende a nsanja Siberia kwa zaka mamiliyoni njira Geological wakhala anapanga.

Izi m'dera chokhala wa kutumphuka padziko lapansi ndi mtundu wa nsanja wakale, kapena cratons. Mosiyana ndi magulu ena, idamangidwa mmbuyo mu nthawi Precambrian, kutanthauza kuti zaka zochepa chifukwa formations ngati zaka miliyoni 541. Iwo ankagwira ntchito ngati maziko kwa mapangidwe m'maiko, kukhala pakati awo.

Siberia nsanja amatanthauza mtundu Laurasian. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu nyengo Mesozoic, zinali gawo la Africa Laurasia. Koma yaitali nthawi imeneyi isanafike kutenga mawonekedwe wakale Siberia nsanja. Landform anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe kubwerera mu nthawi Archean, mwachitsanzo palibe pasanafike zaka mabiliyoni 2.5 zapitazo. Komabe, ngakhale pang'ono anafanana ano. Ndimapanga maziko inamalizidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo Proterozoic, mapeto a amene nsanja chidafundidwa ndi osaya nyanja, zinakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe chivundikiro nyanja. Mu malemu Ordovician nsanja anali pa dera la Africa Angarida. Ndiyeno iye ndi mayiko ena a dziko lapansi anali ophatikizidwa mu Africa limodzi - Pangea. Mu Mesozoic, monga tatchulazi, pamodzi ndi mbale Siberia nsanja West Siberia ndi East European nsanja, pambuyo kulekana kwa Pangea, anapanga Laurasia Africa. Pambuyo kugwa kwake nsanja Siberia wakhala gawo la Europe ndi ku Asia.

Ndimo ndipo anapanga Siberia nsanja.

kapangidwe

Kapangidwe ka nsanja Siberia ndi ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka nsanja ena onse akale. Pa maziko ake ndi maziko anapanga kumbuyo mu Archean ndi oyambirira Proterozoic nyengo. Top maziko chimakwirira miyala ya chivundikirocho nyanja, anapanga ali kenako, makamaka ngati ntchito mankhwala chiphalaphala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kalelo anali dera ndi ntchito yapamwamba mapiri chiphalaphala anatuluka matumbo a dziko lapansi, anapanga chivundikiro cha msampha. Koma mu malo awiri pa maziko a nsanja akadali akubwera pamwamba. Zokolola Precambrian miyala padziko alitcha zishango.

Olimba maofesi zigwirizana miyala atatu: greenstone, granular lamba, komanso orthogneisses zovuta para-.

Zishango wa ku Siberia Mal

Pa dera la nsanja Siberia, pali matabwa awiri - ndi Anabar ndi Aldan.

Aldan lili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa nsanja. Zintchito malowa amatchedwa Aldan yachonde.

Anabar akatero laling'ono kwambiri ndi isanafalikire mu dera la kumpoto nsanja ku dera la ku Central Siberia Plateau, mu malo kudziwika monga Anabar yachonde. Zolemba malire kutalika kwa izo pamwamba pa nyanja mamita 905.

Chapakati Siberia yachonde

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe icho chikuwonekera mpumulo makono a nsanja Siberia.

Mbali yaikulu ya gawo ndi chapakati Siberia Plateau. Iwo limafotokoza kusinthana kwa zitunda otsika ndi zitunda zathyathyathya. Mwapamwamba yachonde mfundo - phiri Stone. Iwo lili Midlands Putorana ndipo ali ndi kutalika mamita 1701 pamwamba pa nyanja. Koma kutalika pafupifupi za ku Central Siberia Plateau mamita 500-800 yekha. Komanso, pa chikweza ayenera allocated Anabar yachonde, zomwe ife tatchulawa pamwamba. Ndi protrusion Anabarskiy akatero pamwamba. The chimbuzi m'mapiriŵa - 905 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kumadzulo m'mapiriŵa tikukhala ndi Yenisei Ridge, amene imodzi akutumikira monga malire iye ndi nsanja Siberia wonse. kutalika kwake pafupifupi mamita 900 pamwamba pa nyanja, koma kufika pazipita pa phiri Enashimsky Polkan ndi 1104 m. Mu Yenisei Ridge, mwagona West Siberia nsanja.

Kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa malire a ku Central Siberia Plateau ndi Angarsk lokwera. The okwera avareji pakati pa 700 kapena 1000 meters pamwamba pa nyanja, pazipita - 1022 m.

Kum'mawa ndi kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa chapakati Siberia Plateau, motero mawonekedwe lolingana za mpumulo wa nsanja Siberia, bwino mu Tsentralnoyakutskuyu kumveka. Mu njira ina, panopa amatchedwa Tsentralnoyakutskoy kapena Leno Vilyui otsika. Ochuluka madera ake a msinkhu pazipita pamwamba pa nyanja alibe upambana 100-200 m, koma kunja kwa mzinda wa mamita mpaka 400.

Landform Siberia nsanja m'malo ankawachotsera pa watersheds mkati. Choncho, watersheds izi kutalika si upambana mamita 400-600. Makamaka, mawu amenewa amatanthauza malire a mabeseni wa Angara Mtsinje, m'munsi Tunguska ndi Vilyuya.

zinthu zina za mpumulo wa ku Siberia Mal

Mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chapakati Siberia Plateau mwagona Aldan yachonde. Mosiyana zinthu zakumwamba, si mbali ya yachonde, koma, koma gawo la Siberia nsanja, woimira zokolola padziko crystalline chikopa chawo. Ndi pa dera la Aldan Plateau ndi chimbuzi cha nsanja Siberia, kufika kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja pa mamita 2306. Koma mbali yaikulu ya okwera ali ndi kutalika osati choposa mamita chikwi.

Landform Siberia nsanja mu kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa ali ndi khalidwe lamapiri. Pano, Khabarovsk Gawo, ili Dzhugdzhugur mapiri. Ngakhale kutalika avareji zovuta ndi apamwamba kuposa Aldan okwera, pachimake apamwamba Topko otsika kukula kwa chimbuzi m'mapiriŵa. Mountain ng'anjo ali kutalika mamita 1906 pamwamba pa nyanja. Utali Dzhugdzhugur mapiri kuchokera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa kum'mwera kumadzulo m'mphepete mwa nyanja Nyanja Okhotsk ndi makilomita 700.

Kotero, ife tidziwa mau, kodi mawonekedwe a mpumulo wa nsanja Siberia.

hydrography

Tsopano tiyeni tione waukulu madzi matupi a nsanja Siberia. Monga ulamuliro, malo awo oyambirira ankadalira alili, kenako okha, pambuyo penipeni, mitsinje ndi nyanja, zomwe zilipo m'dera mu kuchuluka mwachilungamo lalikulu, iwo ayamba zimakhudza mapangidwe alili.

Yaikulu waterway - Yenisey - ndi zachilengedwe kumadzulo malire a nsanja Siberia. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitsinje padziko lonse lapansi, imene kutalika mamita 3487.

Mbali yaikulu ya malire a nsanja Siberia, kokha nthawi ili kum'mawa, ndi wina mtsinje waukulu - Lena. Ngakhale gawo la izo amanyamula madzi ake mwachindunji m'dera nsanja. m'litali ndi 4400 Km.

Kumwera kwa nsanja Siberia mu malo aang'ono pokhudzana ndi nyanja akuya mu dziko - Baikal.

Pakati pa madzi aakulu loyenda mwa Siberia nsanja, kuunikila Angara Mtsinje, ndi wotsika Tunguska Viluy.

Mchere kum'mwera Siberia Mal

Tsopano tiyenera kufufuza mchere wa nsanja Siberia. Tikumbukenso kuti amayi Nature anawapatsa dera zedi ndithu. Kodi anali matumbo a kum'mawa Siberia nsanja?

Aldansky chishango ndi kusunga weniweni wa zitsulo. Komanso, Aldan Plateau komanso ncho mkuwa, malasha, Mica, ndipo ngakhale golide.

Koma nkhokwe yaikulu ya golide ndi diamondi yomwe ili m'malire a Yakutia, chomwe chiri chuma chenicheni cha Russia. M'dziko lomwelo ncho "kuyaka mwala" pa dera la Lena khala beseni.

Komanso, malasha migodi kumachitika mkati mwa tunguska Irkutsk ndi maiwe kuti zili m'madera Yakutia Krasnoyarsk ndi Irkutsk dera.

Mchere kumpoto Siberia Mal

Mchere wa nsanja Siberia mu dera la kumpoto kwa izo, makamaka anaikira mu dera la chikopa Anabar. Apa pali miyala ya apatite, anorthosite, titanomagnetites. Zamkuwa ndi faifi tambala ali ncho padziko Norilsk.

Koma mu mafuta ndi gasi, poyerekeza ndi madera ku Western Siberia, Dera la East-Siberia nsanja osauka. Ngakhale kum'mwera ndi kumpoto alinso minda mafuta, koma zedi laling'ono kwambiri.

nthaka

Wosanjikiza choposa kuphimba dera nsanja Siberia, ndi nthaka. Tiyeni tikambirane mitundu zimene akuimira mu dera kuphunzira.

Popeza kuti mbali yaikulu ya nsanja Siberia chimakwirira boreal nkhalango, nthaka, anapanga pano zizigwirizana m'dera zachilengedwezi. Kumpoto - ndi madzi oundana koma nayonso kum'mwera - sod-nkhalango. Kum'mwera, m'madera ambiri wotanganidwa ndi dothi sod-podzolic, nthawi zina pamakhala imvi nkhalango, ndipo ngakhale dziko wakuda. Kokhako yotsirizira ya dothi awa chonde onse osiyana mkulu.

General makhalidwe a Siberia Mal

Monga mukuonera, ndi Siberia nsanja - mmodzi wa formations wamkulu Geological Padziko Lapansi. Relief ambiri gawo ukufanizidwa ndi zitunda zathyathyathya, ndi kokha malire a nsanja anapangidwa ndi mapiri wotsika kapena zitunda.

The dera wolemera kwambiri mchere zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo tiyenera kuunikila chitsulo miyala, malasha, apatite, golide ndi diamondi. Pali mafuta, ngakhale sali chizindikiro chachikulu cha chuma m'maderawa. Koma nthaka pa dera la nsanja alibe chonde mkulu.