Mayiko a EU: mbiri ya mgwirizano, umembala, zolinga ndi mapindu, dongosolo

European Economic Community anali bungwe lachigawo. Mayiko a EEC agwirizana kuti apititse patsogolo ndikufutukula kuphatikiza. Ndipo cholinga ichi chinakwaniritsidwa. Wotsata wa EEC ndi European Union, yomwe inagwira ntchito mokwanira bungwe lachigawoli mu 2009.

Mayiko a EU: mndandanda

Poyamba, European Economic Community inali ndi mayiko asanu ndi limodzi. Ena mwa iwo - Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands ndi Germany. Mu 1993, bungweli linatchedwanso European Community, momwe chiwerengero chake chinapitirizidwira. Chiwerengero cha mayiko a EEC panthawi yomwe chiwonongeko chiripo 12. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Maiko oyambitsa: Belgium, France, Germany (pambuyo pa mgwirizano - Germany), Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands.
• Denmark.
• Ireland.
• Great Britain.
• Greece.
• Portugal.
• Spain.

Mayiko omwe anali nawo anali ndi nthumwi zawo mu bungwe lililonse la bungwe.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1951, mgwirizano wa Paris unasindikizidwa. Chidziwitso cha kuphulika kwa European Coal and Steel Community. Uwu ndiwo gulu loyamba la galaxy lonse. Zinali zogwirizana ndi mfundo yapamwamba komanso malamulo apadziko lonse. Linalengedwa kuti liphatikize kulemera kwa mamembala awo ndikuletsa nkhondo.

Poyamba, idakonzedwa kupanga anthu ena awiri: chitetezo ndi ndale. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi kulera kwawo, mayiko sanakwaniritse. Zinasankhidwa kumvetsera chisamaliro chachuma, osati ndale. Mu 1957, mgwirizano wa Aroma unasindikizidwa. Linatanthawuza kulengedwa kwa EEC ndi European Atomic Energy Community. Ntchito ya bungwe loyamba inali kukhazikitsa mgwirizanowu wa mayiko pakati pa mayiko, ndipo yachiwiri - kukweza mgwirizano mu nyukiliya. Kale mu 1962, mayiko a EEC akhazikitsa mitengo yambiri ya ulimi. Umenewu unali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choyamba cha mudzi. Mu 1968, mayiko a EEC anathetsa msonkho wa magulu ena a katundu.

Pankhani yowonjezera, kale mu 1961, Ireland, Norway ndi United Kingdom zinapempha kuti alowe mu bungwe. Komabe, iwo anakanidwa. Veto linaperekedwa ndi France pakalowa. Mu 1967, mayiko anayi anagwiranso ntchito. Mu 1973, Denmark, Great Britain ndi Ireland adalowa nawo EEC. Ku Norway, bungwe la referendum linagwiridwa, ndipo nzika zinasankha kuti zisalowe nawo ku European Economic Community. Mu 1975 pempholi linalembedwa ndi Greece. Analowa nawo bungwe mu 1981. Kenako Spain ndi Portugal anafunsidwa kuti alowe nawo ku EEC. Iwo adalowa mu European Economic Community mu 1986. Mu 1987 pempholi linaperekedwa ndi Turkey. Komabe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa EEC, ndipo tsopano EU, sikunakwaniritsidwe. Mu 1993, bungwe linatchulidwanso kuti liwonetsetse gawo la ntchito. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, tsopano European Community yakhala imodzi mwa zipilala zitatu za EU. Mu 2009, mgwirizano wa Lisbon unasindikizidwa, malinga ndi zomwe EEC idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omaliza.

Zolinga

Mayiko a EEC, monga adanenera pachiyambi cha mgwirizanowu wa Rome, ogwirizana kuti asunge mtendere ndi ufulu ndi kukhazikitsa maziko a mgwirizano wa anthu a ku Ulaya. Kuphatikizidwa kuyenera kuwonjezera kuwonjezeka kwachuma. Kuti akwaniritse zolinga zomwe adanenazi, zotsatirazi zikuchitika:

• Kulengedwa kwa mgwirizano wa zikondwerero ndi msonkho wapadera.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko yogwirizanitsa mu ulimi, kayendetsedwe, malonda, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malamulo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa EEC ku Ulaya lonse.

Zochita

Chigwirizanocho chinathandiza kuchepetsa msonkho wa mayiko ndi 10% komanso 20 peresenti ya ndalama zowonjezera kudziko lonse. Zinakonzedwa kuthera zaka 12 kuti zitsimikizire zolinga zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa, koma zonse zinachitika mofulumira kwambiri. France anakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi Algeria, chifukwa mamembala onsewo nthawiyi inali yopambana.

Chikhalidwe

Poyamba, panali matupi atatu (Bungwe, Nyumba yamalamulo, Komiti) yomwe inkagwira ntchito zapamwamba ndi zalamulo, ndi malamulo amodzi (Khoti). Zonsezi zinalengedwa panthawi yolengedwa. Kenaka bungwe loyendetsera ntchito linawonjezeka kwa iwo mu 1975. Mu 1993, EEC inakhala imodzi mwa zipilala zitatu za EU. Mpaka pano, matupi a bungwe lachigawoli akuphatikizidwa mu European Union ndipo sagwiranso ntchito mosiyana.