M'badwo atsopano odana depressants. Antidepressants: Chabwino n'chiti? Reviews madokotala mitengo

Masiku ano, maganizo zimakhudza akuluakulu komanso ana ndi achinyamata. matenda ndi njira kulimbana izo odzipereka kwambiri kwa akatswiri kafukufuku ndipo ambiri nkhani ndi mabuku. Ngati timamasulira ndi "sayansi" mu chinenero wamba, maganizo - zilibe mphamvu ndi wofuna kukhala ndi moyo. Zizindikiro za matenda ndi ulesi ndi zonse mu Okwiya, nkhawa ndi kutopa, ulesi ndi moodiness.

Modern mankhwala amapereka kuthana ndi matenda antidepressants m'badwo wotsiriza. Ndi angati mibadwo timoleptikov (amatchedwanso wothandizira, akuthamanga ndi maganizo) alipo lero kuti iwo ndi ofanana ndi amasiyana mzake, kodi limagwirira cha zochita zawo? Awa ndi mafunso ena liyankhidwe Nkhani akufuna kuti chidwi chanu.

Kodi antidepressants?

Izi mankhwala, kupyolera zimene mungathe kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndi munthu asamavutike ndi maganizo. Limagwirira waukulu kanthu umalimbana kusintha ntchito amuzolengedwa ya ubongo wa munthu. maselo mitsempha, zigawo zake, kalekale kulankhulana wina ndi mnzake mu zinthu zapadera - timene. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chimodzi, matenda a maganizo otani pamene mu ubongo chifukwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana kwambiri yafupika kaperekedwe ka mkhalapakati kapena amine biogenic: dopamine, norepinephrine kapena serotonin. m'badwo atsopano antidepressants, komanso anthu m'mbuyomo, ndi chilangizo ndi kanthu kukonza pa ubongo njira amuzolengedwa ndi kusintha ndende ya amine biogenic.

Kodi iwo kuti?

Komanso antidepressants ano kuthandiza kulimbana ndi zizindikiro za maganizo, nthawi zambiri iwo ntchito kuchotsa mavuto amenewa:

• zosiyanasiyana osadziwika ululu chiyambi;
• okhudza kudya kapena kugona;
• kutopa kwambiri kapena imfa ya mphamvu;
• mantha kapena ndi mtima wa DC voteji;
• chifundo cha mantha kapena nkhawa;
• mavuto akupanga kapena kukumbukira.

antidepressants m'badwo

Musanayambe kuganizira mibadwo angati mankhwala ndi maganizo analengedwa ndi lero, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti antidepressants anali anatulukira kokha cha m'ma XX. Kuti tsiku, malingana ndi nthawi ya Kutulukira ndi chiyambi cha ntchito kuchita matenda, komanso zochita za antidepressants, izo anaganiza kuonetsetsa mibadwo inayi ya mankhwala.

Kukonzekera m'badwo woyamba

M'badwo woyamba, yotseguka 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, ankaimira tricyclic timoleptikov ozungulira kanthu (TCAs). Zikuphatikizapo mankhwala, "amitriptyline" (antidepressant, ali woyamba wa anthu) ndi ena ofanana, komanso "Nefazodone" mankhwala "Anafranil" ndi "Melipraminum". mankhwala awa anachita kutsekereza norepinephrine reuptake, potero kuwonjezeka ndende zake. Komabe, TCAs oletsedwa norepinephrine osati (noradrenaline), komanso zina chikuperekedwa timene yawo, ndipo ambiri zotsatira zosasangalatsa mbali, makamaka monga kuwonjezeka lakuthwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kugunda kwa mtima. Mankhwala gulu ili ndi poizoni ndithu, ndi mosavuta cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene iwo ntchito ndi mkulu, nchifukwa chake iwo ali wamng'ono ntchito pa matenda a maganizo lero.

Komanso, m'badwo woyamba monga si ntchito lero ali zoletsa sizingasinthe wa monoamine oxidase (Mao) mankhwala - "Iproniazid", "tranylcypromine," "isocarboxazid". zochita zawo zachokera chopinga za ntchito ya molekezera mitsempha ya manyuroni ubongo, potero kukula ndende ya serotonin ndi norepinephrine.

mankhwala wachiwiri m'badwo

M'badwo wachiwiri, mosiyana ndi poyamba, ali ndi zambiri kusankha, koma ofooka Kwenikweni pa timene ndi manyuroni okha. Pamafunikanso tetracyclic sizingasinthe (Mao-B) ndi kusintha (Mao-A) zoletsa monoamine reuptake, zinthuzi kuperekedwa monga "Lerivon", "Lyudiomil", "Pirazidol" ndi ena. Chifukwa chakuti pa phwando panali mndandanda wa zotsatira m'malo zina zoyipa, koma chifukwa cha mogwirizana ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi zotsatira sizimadziwika, mankhwala a gulu ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri. Mu pharmacies m'malo ovuta kupeza gulu la antidepressants, monoamine reuptake zoletsa. Koma nthawi zina amapezeka pa maina ena mtundu. Choncho, akatswiri amanena, kuti mankhwala "Lyudiomil" - ali yemweyo mapiritsi "maprotiline" mtengo, Mlengi, ndi kokha dziko lina.

mbadwo wacitatu

Ofufuza amakono anapeza kuti ubongo ndi wamanjenje dongosolo PALI ena 30 owayimira, koma kwa "umwini" maganizo onse atatu a iwo: serotonin, dopamine ndi norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Mbadwo wachitatu monga kusankha zoletsa serotonin reuptake (SSRIs) ankaimira wotere antidepressants amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, mankhwala "Zoloft", "citalopram", "prozac", "Tsipraleks", "paroxetine", "Pliz" ndi ena ambiri. Mankhwalawa ndigwire nkhoswe si onse, koma mmodzi yekha - serotonin. Ndi mphamvu ya mmene iwo ali wochepa ndi mankhwala woyamba m'badwo, koma mavuto ndi kwambiri poyerekeza wa akalambula ina. mankhwala onse SSRI zimathandiza kwambiri ndipo iyenera analekerera chimodzimodzi. Komabe, aliyense wa ife thupi lili makhalidwe yake payekha, ndi chifukwa cha chiwerengero chawo ndi mphamvu ya mavuto adzakhala losiyana pa nkhani iliyonse. Madokotala amanena ambiri zotsatira zosasangalatsa mbali ya mankhwala lachitatu m'badwo ndi tulo, chizungulire, kunyansidwa komanso nkhawa.

Kodi SSRIs mtengo ndithu. Choncho, amamudziwa ndipo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito medicament "citalopram" phindu mu pharmacies, malingana ndi mtundu, imene amapangidwa, akhoza zimasiyana rubles 870 kuti 2000.

antidepressants wachinayi m'badwo

Izi mankhwala anatengedwa anafotokoza SIOZSiN gulu (kusankha serotonin reuptake woletsa ndi norepinephrine). Awa ndi mbadwo atsopano antidepressants, monga mankhwala "Cymbalta", "Milnacipran", "Remeron", "Effexor" kuti ndigwire adani ndi norepinephrine, ndi serotonin. Mankhwala "Zyban" ndi "Wellbutrin" sindikufuna kucheza ndi serotonin, ndi dopamine, ndi norepinephrine kugwira. Development wa mankhwala amene choikidwa gulu, linayamba m'ma 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, ndipo chaka chilichonse pali mankhwala yatsopano.

Madokotala sangakhoze kunena mosapita m'mbali kuti mu gulu ili pali zabwino odana ndi nkhawa, ndi mu mfundo n'zosathekadi, monga zochizira zosiyanasiyana maganizo matenda azitsamba amasankhidwa payekha, kutenga nkhani makhalidwe thanzi la wina wodwala.

Popular ano timoleptiki

Kudziwa kuopsa amadza chifukwa cha gulu ili la mankhwala pa wamanjenje dongosolo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti n'kotheka - zabwino ndi zoipa - zotsatira anganeneretu ndi n'chongoletsa chabe katswiri ophunzitsidwa - dokotala. Mogwirizana onse makhalidwe munthu ndi matenda, ndi dokotala akhoza tisonyezeni ndendende antidepressants, omwe angathandize kwambiri vuto lanu makamaka, ndi zotsatira kochepa mbali. Ngati pamene mukumwa mankhwala ndi vuto lililonse ndi dokotala akhoza kusintha kapena kusintha chithandizo chakudya. Today madokotala ambiri amalangiza odwala kukonzekera matenda a maganizo kwa gulu la kusankha zoletsa serotonin reuptake ndi noradrenaline amadza ogwira omwe kutsimikizidwa kuchita. medicaments monga "milnacipran" "kamwazi" ( "fluoxetine"), "duloxetine", "Velaksin" ( "venlafaxine") - ambiri ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito pa antidepressants m'badwo wotsiriza. Taganizirani wotchuka kwambiri pa matenda a maganizo matenda timoleptiki.

"Flukosetin" mankhwala

Izi mankhwala ndi imodzi mwa oimira woyamba wa gulu SSRI, izo Chili onse antidepressant ndi zotsatira stimulant. Medicine "kamwazi" umatchedwanso kuti odana ndi nkhawa "Fluoxetine" kumathandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi mavuto, amachotsa mantha ndi bwino maganizo. The ntchito yabwino kwambiri za izo, malinga ndi madokotala, psychotherapists Nthawi maganizo asthenic chidwi ndi maganizo a osiyanasiyana mwamphamvu ndi matenda obsessive-zinazake. Ndi ntchito mankhwala mankhwalawa bulimia. Antidepressant "Fluoxetine" koyamba mayina 1974 mu United States, ndipo mu khumi zapitazo, iye anapita ku malo oyamba mu malonda mu UK, monga pansi pa dzina losiyana malonda - amatanthauza "Prozac". Mu Russia, mankhwalawa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi clinicians ambiri zikutanthauza kuti Kwalamulidwa kwa odwala kapena generics limati zosiyanasiyana maganizo.

Mankhwala "Paroxetine"

Ichi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zotsatira za gulu woimira zoletsa kusankha, kusankha serotonin reuptake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a matenda nkhawa komanso kuvutika maganizo. Lero, mankhwala, ndi yogwira pophika amene ali paroxetine, wokongola kwambiri. Izi yokonza Russian "Adepress" ndi "Veropharm" mankhwala "pliz" ndi Makampani Chikolowesha wa Pliva, Chihangare mankhwala "Reksetin" ndi Gidiyoni Richter ndi ena ambiri. Ziribe kanthu momwe nazyvatsya mankhwala "Paroxetine", ndemanga za izo odwala onse ndi madokotala kwakukulukulu positive.

Mankhwala "Wellbutrin"

Imadziwika kuti "Zyban" kapena "NouSmok". The yogwira pophika mankhwala onse atatu ndi bupropion hydrochloride zimathandiza kuwonjezeka mu kuchuluka kwa dopamine ndi norepinephrine mu ubongo. Mankhwala ndi pophika izi yogwira osati obwera chifukwa cha maganizo, komanso kuthandiza kuthetsa zotsatira maganizo chikonga achire. Izi mankhwala bwino maganizo ndi kumawonjezera dzuwa. Feedback anthu amene anachotsa zizolowezi chikonga pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga "Wellbutrin", "NouSmok" ndi "Zyban", akulankhula za efficacy mkulu wa mankhwala mu nthawi kusiya.

"Cymbalta" mankhwala

Kukonzekeretsedwa kwa antidepressants wachinayi m'badwo ndi zoletsa wa reuptake wa norepinephrine ndi serotonin, imodzi wozengereza kuyima pang'ono dopamine. Mankhwala yogwira mankhwala ndi duloxetine ali m'malo okwezeka, poyerekeza ndi ena antidepressant kanthu liwiro. Mu maganizo a madokotala ndi odwala bwino zotsatira antidepressive akuwonetseredwa ndi mapeto a choyamba - chiyambi cha sabata lachiwiri la phwando. Komanso, mankhwala ndi osiyana pachilichonse za kanthu ndi nthawi yonse tanthauzo lake. Komabe, pali gulu la anthu odwala, mu maganizo zotsatira za mankhwalawa ngati zidzachitika, ndi ofooka kwambiri. Monga tanenera kale, makhalidwe munthu mosiyanasiyana amuzolengedwa nthawi zambiri amachititsa chakuti mankhwala makamaka zotchulidwa dokotala, sangathe kupereka chifukwa ankayembekezera.

Zingati?

Lero ndi kovuta kukambirana za mankhwala mitengo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndalama msika kwambiri wosakhazikika, ndi antidepressants atsopano kwakukulukulu kumene kwa ife kuchokera opanga yachilendo, mitengo yomwe apatsidwa mumauro. N'chifukwa chake mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi ikusonyeza mitengo osachepera ndi pazipita mu rubles, chifukwa sitingapeze pakuchitika. Gawo la mankhwala kuti analowa kale anagulitsa ngakhale pa mitengo akale, pamene angofika ndi zambiri zodula.

Ngati inuyo mumaona tebulo mosamala, muona kuti alibe mankhwala wachiwiri m'badwo, ndicho MAOIs (monoamine reuptake zoletsa). Izi si kulakwitsa. Chinthu ndi antidepressants awa ndi zambiri zotsatira zosasangalatsa mbali ndi zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ambiri osati pafupifupi ntchito ku Ulaya. The US kawirikawiri ntchito "isocarboxazid" mankhwala "Ugenelzin" ndi "tranylcypromine," ndipo dziko lathu - mankhwala "Nialamide". Onse mankhwala pamwambapa zilipo yekha kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri maganizo.

tebulo chimasonyeza kuti "tingachipeze powerenga" tricyclic antidepressants mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza mankhwala atsopano ndi SSRI ndi SIOZSiN. Choncho, kulankhula za kupezeka mkulu wa mankhwala ogwira antidepressant kuti anthu ambiri alibe kuti. Komabe, adokotala akhoza kuthandiza kusankha mankhwala zotsikirako mtengo ndi katundu zofanana, otchedwa generic.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena

Antidepressants akhoza kupereka ndi mankhwala ena, ngakhale amene amaoneka kuti ife kukhala otetezeka ndi bwino. The yogwira kwambiri pankhani imeneyi ndi timoanaleptiki tricyclic ndi monoamine oxidase zoletsa, koma kukonzekera magulu SSRIs ndi SIOZSiN nkomwe kucheza ndi mankhwala ena. Mulimonsemo, ngati dotolo n'kukulemberani inu mankhwala aliwonse chifukwa maganizo, onetsetsani kuti tipeze ngati mungathe kuphatikiza phwando awo ndi ntchito mankhwala ena, zowonjezera zakudya, ndipo ngakhale teas ndi infusions azitsamba.

Mowa ndi antidepressants

Monga zachilendo ngati izo zikumveka, koma anthu ambiri amene akufunikira chikuonetseratu timoleptikov zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, funsani momwe zambiri n'zotheka kuphatikiza njira "zakumwa" zakumwa ndi miyala maganizo. Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli ndi losavuta: ngati inu mukufuna kuti thanzi maganizo ndi thupi, ndipo mwina moyo, yesani izo! chakuti mowa ndi odana depressants ndi mavuto aakulu pa dongosolo chapakati mantha ndi ubongo, ndipo vuto limeneli awiri kungam'lepheretse kuti "Mission Control Center", mwachitsanzo, ubongo ndi ziwalo ndi machitidwe a malipoti kwa iye. Kapena kuphatikiza - kusankha kuvomereza inu ndi inu nokha.

m'malo mapeto

Sikuti kuganiza ndi "kulimbana" pa, antidepressants bwino ndi othandiza kwambiri. Ngati mukuona kuti tsiku lililonse limakhala ndi kovuta moyo kuposa m'mbuyomu, mphamvu sikokwanira ngakhale zinthu kwambiri yosavuta wamba, kukaonana ndi katswiri! dokotala anu akhoza oterewa chikhalidwe chanu ndi mankhwala mankhwala zofunika, kusankha mankhwala loyenera kwambiri kwa inu. Iwo sangakhoze yekha kukhala wotsutsa-depressants. Nkhokwe mankhwala lero ndi yaikulu kwambiri: osiyanasiyana misala thupi ndi kutema mphini, kupuma njira mankhwala thupi.