Mbiri ya chokoleti

Mbiri ya chocolate, malinga ndi akatswiri inayamba mu Zakachikwi malonda Mexico zaka zitatu zapitazo. Pa koko zipatso ankadziwika American Indians za chitukuko Olmec, amene analipo zaka 1,000 BC Ndipo nanga izo zachitika?

Mbiri ya chokoleti: chiyambi

Ngakhale patsogolo chitukuko waukulu chonchi ndi odziwika bwino ngati Maya ndi Aaziteki, m'dera la Gulf of Mexico mafuko Olmec moyo. Iwo ali chinachake kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo anayamba kukonza madzi akumwa kwa nyemba koko, iwonso anali woyamba amene anakulira mitengo chokoleti. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mawu "kuonetsetsa zomwe zikumveka" zinachitika ndendende tsiku ndi tsiku kuti akhala zinatha fuko.

Kenako koko chakumwa kusiya kusuta ndi Maya, koma iwo amachitcha anakhala "shokolatl". Aaziteki, iye ankatchedwa "kakahuatl". Mwa njira, kuoneka kuti mitundu yonse Amitundu anasankha monga zimalambiridwa chilichonse zachilendo. Indian chikhalidwe kwa zaka anatsatira wina ndi mzake, koma maganizo a koko nthawizonse zakhala kuposa ulemu. The Maya ankakhulupirira kuti pali ngakhale mulungu koko ndi chokoleti chakumwa ankadya pa miyambo yachipembedzo, kuganizira lopatulika. Aaziteki komanso anazindikira koko zipatso Ngati chakudya cha milungu, kukhulupirira kuti "kakahuatl" amapereka kwa iwo kuzindikira zinthu zauzimu.

Masiku ano, m'mbiri yakale ya chokoleti bwino kunachokera kuyamika amapeza zodabwitsa anapeza m'gawo la Belize. Pali nkotheka kupeza ufa unayambira chitayiko, amene amatanthauza, malinga ndi asayansi, mu 600 BC Chifukwa cha kuwunika mankhwala, chinapezeka kuti sikuti ndi comminuted kenako yophika koko nyemba, wodzilemekeza ndi zosafunika onunkhira.

Mbiri ya chokoleti anayamba kupanga zina pamene mu 1502 Columbus tidakocheza chombo wake pa nthaka American. Ndiye Amwenye ankapatsidwa kwa chikho cha chokoleti otentha. Apaulendo Koma anakana kuchokera pano, koma anatenga Chinsinsi ndi koko zipatso ndi inu kupereka kwa mfumu ya Spain. Mfumu komanso Sanayamikire zachilendo. Ndipo pamene okha 1519, pa gombe Mexico ndipo anaganiza Cortés analowa kwambiri owawa mdima chokoleti zotsekemera ndi ndodo shuga, ndiyeno ku Spanish yachifumu, dziko kutukuka anayamikira chakudya chokoma ichi anayamikira.

Chocolate ankagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali yekha mu madzi mawonekedwe. Tiled mooneka choyamba anaonekera penapake pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, pamene British kugunda pa lingaliro kusakaniza ndi koko ufa, koko mafuta ndi shuga. Pa mipiringidzo chokoleti nthawi yomweyo panali kufunika yaikulu. Kenako mu mankhwala atsopano anayamba kuwonjezera mkaka - kotero anabadwa ndi chokoleti mkaka, imene tsopano bwino patsogolo kutchuka owawa.

Lero dziko lonse amakonda chocolate, omwe mwina chifukwa umisiri yopanga zapamwamba kwambiri kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana kwathunthu. Today confectioners kubala mankhwala zochokera koko, mtedza lactic, fondant, yoghurt kumadzazidwa ndi mtedza wokazinga, zouma zipatso, zipatso candied, mpunga mpweya, ndi kuwonjezera kwa iwo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala tsabola. Chocolate glaze pachikhalidwe decorates ambiri chofufumitsa ndi mitanda. Ndipo, ndithudi, ana onse ndi akulu amakonda kumwa koko kumwa m'mawa ndi kupeza kuti holide makamaka zamanja wokongola lopotana chokoleti.

A owonetsera zakale chokoleti mu Moscow - ndi zodabwitsa, zamatsenga malo maloto kuti mwana aliyense paulendo pa mtsinje wa chokoleti (by njira, iye akufotokozedwa pansi pa kukhazikitsidwa) mu dziko maswiti, wokoma ndi owawa pa nthawi yomweyo. Akuluakulu, ndithudi, nayonso alibe chidwi wolemera kufotokoza thematic pano, amene anapanga zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ku kusonkhanitsa confectionaries ngati lodziwika bwino ngati zowola Front, Red October, Babaevskaya nabwera ku Guatemala, Honduras ndi Mexico, zosonkhanitsira ethnographic zinthu, mwanjira ina zolumikizana ndi koko.