Bowa ndi mapasa: chilimwe, autumn ndi ena

Kalekale anthu ankadziwa kuti bowa woopsa ndi chitsanzo chawo, kuonetsetsa kuti ndi bowa uti omwe angaphike ndi zomwe tiyenera kuzipewa. Zotsalirazo zimaphatikizapo bowa amapasa: chilimwe, autumnal kapena mildew pale. Anthu otchuka kwambiri (mofunitsitsa kapena mosasamala) anakhala ozunzidwa ndi poizoni ndi bowa.

Asayansi anayesera kudziwa momwe chilengedwe chimayambira poizoni nthawi zonse. Akuganiza kuti amasonkhanitsa zolakwika zonse kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndikuzilumikiza. Asayansi ambiri, monga Pliny, amatsatira chiphunzitso ichi. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 2000, pokhala ndi zamoyo zamakono, asayansi adatha kukhazikitsa mphamvu yowononga anthu kuti achoke padziko lapansi, atalawa chakudya chooneka ngati chopanda kanthu ngati bowa.

Magulu atatu akuluakulu a poizoni ali ndi nkhungu zam'mimba: kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuuluka kwa agaric, toadstool ndi mitundu ina.

Gulu loyamba limayambitsa kusokonezeka. Chakudya chodyera ndi bowa chimathera ndi matenda ochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndi kusagwirizana, chipatala. Pakadutsa theka la ola (osachepera ola limodzi) zizindikiro zonse zimaonekera, ndikudutsa masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Gululi limaphatikizapo bowa la satana, mchere wosakanikirana, zina zimapweteketsa, bowa amapasa mphepo yozizira kapena yozizira (ngati sichiphika bwino), mvula yamvula, zinyama zina.

Gulu lachiwiri liri ndi mtundu woopsa wa poizoni - muscarin, umene poyamba unapezedwa mu 1869 mu ofiira wofiira agarics, ndiyeno umapezeka mu bowa wina woopsa. Kuchiza uku kumayambitsa matenda aakulu a umoyo waumunthu. Ana a maso maso, mpweya ndi mapulaneti amachepetsanso, munthuyo amadzazidwa ndi thukuta, misonzi ikuyenda kuchokera m'maso. Thandizo la panthawi yake lidzatha kuyika woponderezedwa pa tsiku kapena awiri. Bowa wotero ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa bowa-nthambi zamapulaneti a chilimwe kapena autumn.

Maphunziro ena a bowa ndi bowa wina woopsa amasonyeza kuti poizoni wa chakudya ndi chabe mawonetseredwe opangidwa ndi poizoni. Icho chimakhala ndi zotsatira za psychotropic pa thupi. Kufufuzira kunayambitsa kupeza kwa zinthu zitatu zowonjezera. Iwo anali muscason, zhentenic acid ndi muscimol. Amatsogolera munthu kuukitsa wamphamvu, malo olumala ndi tulo tofa nato. Kuperewera kwa thandizo la panthaŵi yake kungapangitse kuti munthu asadzutse. Choncho, pa zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni ndi bowa, muyenera kufunsa mwamsanga dokotala. Poyerekeza ndi poizoni zotere, bowa mapasa a chilimwe kapena autumn chisanu si owopsa.

Gulu lachitatu likuyimiridwa ndi poizoni zomwe zimafa kwa anthu ngakhale pang'onozing'ono. Zoizoni zoterezi zili ndi zitsamba zofiira, mitundu yina ya mizere, ntchentche yotchedwa agarics yomwe imakhala yotentha komanso yofiira, kangaude wonyezimira wofiira ndi zina. Bowawa samadziwonetsera okha masana, kapena awiri, atalumidwa. Mwamunayo anali ndi chakudya chamasana - ndipo chirichonse chikuwoneka kuti chiri chabwino. Koma vuto lakuda la poizoni wayamba kale, ndipo choopsa kwambiri ndi chakuti kusintha komwe amapanga m'thupi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosasinthika pamene madokotala sangathe kuthandizira. Bowa mapasa akugwa kapena kugwa kwa chilimwe sichidzapangitse thupi kuti liwonongeke.

Kusanza koopsa komwe kumabwera ndi kutsekula m'mimba kumayambitsa kutaya thupi kwa thupi, kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa magazi, ludzu lamphamvu. Pambuyo pa kusanza, mpumulo wa nthawi yaying'ono ungabwere, koma ziwalo za mkati zimawonongeka (chiwonongeko chawo chimayambira pambuyo pa theka la ola, monga munthu adalawa bowa woopsa, wosawonetsa zizindikiro) ndikuwonongeka kuti ntchitoyo isasinthidwe. Ngati simukuzindikira mavuto omwe akukumana nawo musanayambe kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba, musapereke thandizo lachipatala, ndiye kuti simungathe kupulumutsa munthu.
 

Momwe mungayang'anire bowa woopsa mapasa, chilimwe kapena autumn

Zizindikiro zabodza siziwatsogolera ku imfa, koma zimatha kukhala poizoni, choncho munthu amafunika "kuzidziwa mwayekha" kuti aziwasiyanitsa ndi zomwe zilipo panopo osati kutenga bowa zomwe zimatsogolera poizoni. Bowa wodyetsedwa ndi uchi wa agagiki umene umamera m'nyengo yozizira, amatchedwa chilimwe, komanso nyengo yophukira. Toxic ndi zida, njerwa zofiira ndi sulfure chikasu. Ma mbale mkati mwa kapu ya bowa ndi enieni, amadya nthawi zonse kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mtundu wa kirimu, kenaka ndi bulauni pang'ono, koma samasintha.

Mtundu wa mbale za onyenga ndi wobiriwira-azitona ndi mdima wokhala ndi spore powder. Mtundu wa disk ukhoza kukhala wonyezimira wonyezimira, koma chosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wakuda wa ufa wa spore. Adzakuwonetsani mwamsanga kuti bowa pamtunda kapena pafupi ndi chitsa, kukula ndi gulu - sizodya, koma ming'oma yonyenga.
 

Osati poizoni bowa ndi momwe angaperekere thandizo

Choyamba, musatenge fungayi zosadziwika, komanso kuti musadye kwambiri kapena musagonje. Chiyambi cha imodzi mwa poizoni wawo owopsa sizinawululidwebe, koma amakhulupirira kuti ili mu bowa wochuluka kwambiri. Nkofunika, ndi mtundu wanji wa bowa umene munthuyo waipitsa, kupatula kukonza kapena kukonza, kuti muthe kukhazikitsa mtundu wa poizoni.

Ndi zizindikiro kapena zokayikitsa za poyizoni, perekani wodwala pabedi, musapereke tiyi kapena khofi. Madzi amchere okha. Zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimafulumizitsa njira yotengera poizoni m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo funsani thandizo lachipatala, mphindi iliyonse ingakhale yomalizira kwa munthuyo.