Mfundo kusungunuka mafuta kanjedza, makamaka kupanga ntchito ndiponso kuwonongeka

Osiyanasiyana magwero zambiri "dzanja" nkhaniyi mukukambirana ndi osokoneza. Phunziro nkhani - zothandiza kapena zoipa kwa anthu mafuta thupi kanjedza, chifukwa kunja lalikulu zedi (500 tonnes pa chaka) mu dziko lathu.

ndi limatsogolera mfundo mafuta kanjedza chiyani? Kodi mankhwala ntchito? ndi phindu lotani? Izi, komanso makhalidwe a ulimi ndi mfundo zina m'nkhani ino.

Palm mafuta: ntchito Kufotokozera zikuchokera

kanjedza mafuta Gwero - minofu mbali ya zipatso za kanjedza mafuta (Elaeis guineensis). Mu maonekedwe ake yaiwisi ndi red-lalanje mtundu, amene amayamba ndi okhutira mkulu wa carotenoids. Kukhala ndi chithandizo chapadera, mankhwala amakhala ofiira kapena wachikasu. Red achilendo kuteteza akuzisunga zakudya (80%) mu chikasu iwo kwambiri anataya. mitundu Yellow ali olemera mu mafuta zidulo zimalimbikitsa (50%), kuwononga thupi. The mitundu wofiira awo 38% Komanso ndi wotchuka tocotrienol (kusinthidwa vitamini E), vitamini A ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi zochita zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.

Kodi mafuta kanjedza? Kuchokera pa zimene kupanga mankhwala? Pakuti kanjedza ngale mafuta akutengedwa pachimake molimba (mbewu) wa zipatso. Iwo amakhala ndi mlingo yellowness cha mafuta zidulo zimalimbikitsa, monga mmene 80% (i.e. carotenoids pafupifupi kwina). Zakale kuyenga mankhwala amakhala kuwala.

Pakuti chachikulu mankhwala zikuchokera monga zimalimbikitsa mafuta palmitic ndi asidi stearic. Chiwerengero cha oleic (monounsaturated mafuta) asidi, 40% linoleic (polyunsaturated) - 10%. Recent kulimbikitsa kagayidwe wabwino ndi ofunika pa thanzi. The zikuchokera limapangidwa mafuta kanjedza ndi lauric myristic asidi, oleic acid ndi asidi linoleic pafupifupi 33%. The mankhwala woyengeka ali mwa zakudya zotayika pa processing.

Chakudya ndi mafakitale kanjedza mafuta, ntchito

The ogulitsa chachikulu cha mafuta kanjedza ndi Asia (South East), Latin America. Kukolola zipatso mwezi anali ofunda isanayambe nayonso mphamvu. Pambuyo chithupsa, kulekanitsa zamkati, chifukwa wothinikizidwa misa. The mankhwala yaiwisi amatchedwa mafuta mafakitale ndi siyabwino anthu mowa. M'dera chachikulu cha ntchito - makina, makina chida (monga aggregates lubricant).

Chifukwa, kuyeretsedwa mafuta edible analandira, mankhwala palokha chakudya. Mu malonda, chiwerengero chake ndi 50%. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masamba mafuta poona okha zachilengedwe kunyama olimba ndi theka-olimba. Mu adzasowa chakudya mankhwala kanjedza ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga ophika buledi ndi Confectionery mankhwala, mankhwala ophatikizana mkaka, zakudya zapamwamba, woŵirikiza.
Palm mafuta ndi zigawo zake m'mavoliyumu lalikulu ndi cosmetology (sopo, kirimu, etc.), opanga detergents, makandulo banja. Ndiponso ntchito mankhwala komanso kupanga zakudya za ziweto ndi nkhuku.

kupanga Features

ndi limatsogolera mfundo mafuta kanjedza chiyani? Tisanayankhe funso limeneli, tiyeni tikambirane za maonekedwe a ulimi wa mankhwala. Mu zikhalidwe fakitale mitengo limodzi asonyezedwa nthunzi youma mmalo mwa kupatutsa kutali. Kenako, akamaumba yaiwisi kupereka mitundu yake luso.

Pokonza mfundo chakudya kalasi yaiwisi ndi chosawilitsidwa, ndiye zapita kuyenga (kuyeretsa). Kuyenga kumaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo:

• pa kupota nkhani kuyambira lotulukira ndi mafuta;
• Centrifuge adziyeretsa madzi ndi zolimba;
• hydration (ayeretsedwa ndi madzi) ikuchitika ndi m'zigawo za phospholipids;
• ndi neutralization ndi kuchotsedwa ufulu mafuta zidulo;
• anthufe nsaluzi zinkangokhala ndi deodorized.

The hydrogenation (haidrojeni Ufumuyo zinthu) imagwiridwa kuchotsa polyunsaturated mafuta zidulo (PUFAs).

Kukhala ndi luso msanga oxidize PZHNK subala yosungirako yaitali mankhwala (osapitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi), kotero kuti kwa iwo, ndipo kuchotsa. Kuti pambuyo hydrogenation analibe kukoma chosiyana zolimbikitsa mafuta (deodorized). Pogwira kuyeretsa mokwanira analandira mankhwala woyengeka kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa mtengo wotsika zokwanira, koma osati kwambiri thanzi.

Palm mafuta: kusungunuka katundu mfundo

The kanjedza ndi mafuta ena masamba ndi triatsilglitseroidy (pawiri glycerol esters zidulo mafuta). Aliyense osakaniza kakulidwe chemico-thupi makhalidwe ndi digiri ya kusungunuka. Kuchokera pa mfundo, zomwe limatsogolera mfundo mafuta kanjedza, kuti tuzigawo twa atatu (mitundu) mankhwala.

1. tuzigawo twa mankhwala muyezo anali yodziwika ndi limatsogolera kutentha 36 ° C - 39 ° C. Pamene Kukuwotcha, zilibe fodya, si n'kudziphatika. Komabe, mofulumira ikamauma, choncho chakudya yophika pa izo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito otentha kapena ofunda.
2. Ambiri olimba nusu - stearin - monga zigawo zikuluzikulu za margarine. Palm mafuta limatsogolera kutentha ndi - 48 ° C - 52 ° C.
3. Pakuti kanjedza olein onse madzi remelt mitundu madigiri - 16 ° C - 24 ° C. Kugwirizana ofanana kirimu atapanga mu firiji.

Stearin ndi olein bwinobwino amagwiritsa cosmetology.

Kodi zakudya muli mafuta kanjedza

"Palm" mankhwala ndi mkulu refractoriness yaitali alumali moyo.

1. Palm mafuta monga pophika mu mkaka: mkaka replacers (kuphatikizapo youma), margarines, tchizi zovuta, kukonzedwa tchizi, batala ndi margarine, kufalikira, osiyanasiyana tchizi ndi ayisikilimu, yogurt.
2. Ufa, Confectionery mankhwala ndi mafuta kanjedza (zotumphukira) sabwerera wowawasa, osati sachedwa nayonso mphamvu. Kudya mitundu yonse ya mitanda, makeke, masikono ndi wosanjikiza poterera, ogula mu digiri ina amazigwiritsa ntchito. Ndi ntchito Tingathe kumadzazidwa maswiti, chocolate.
3. Olein alipo mankhwala yokazinga, tchipisi mbatata, mtedza wokazinga, flakes chimanga, Zakudyazi n'kamodzi. Apo iye ali mu zokhwasula-khwasula chisanadze mmatumba, msuzi kasakaniza, mayonesi.

Choncho, ambiri mankhwala anagula ndi mu ankafuna wamkulu mwa anthu, muli mafuta kanjedza.

Kodi kudziwa kukhalapo kwa mafuta kanjedza zakudya

wosuta afunika kukumbukira kuti mafuta kanjedza zosangalatsa kulawa, bwino kupanga mtengo kwambiri kuposa mankhwala achilengedwe. Zamgululi nkhani yake zasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Amasangalala alimi ndi amakopa ogula. Pamene inu kugula m'pofunika kulabadira osati pa chikalata cha mtengo, komanso mwa mawu a yosungirako: mokondwera wooneka eyiti mpukutu motsimikizira lili mafuta kanjedza.

Dziwani: akuti "masamba mafuta" kumafuna ntchito ndi kanjedza mafuta. Za M'MALO chizindikiro divergent "tchizi mankhwala", "Anabweretsa", "wowawasa kirimu", "tchizi misa", "mayonesi", "condensed mkaka". Moyo (malinga GOST) mankhwala opanga si zambiri amatchedwa "mankhwala."

The zosakaniza ambiri m'malo mwa mankhwala kanjedza ku mkaka. Kawirikawiri "yabodza" amagulitsidwa pansi pa amati ndi batala. Natural mankhwala (20 mitundu), yodziwika ndi osiyana mafuta okhutira ndi zambiri mbali zothandiza. Mmodzi mwa ubwino - otsika mafuta limatsogolera kutentha (24 ndi 37 madigiri). Mumadziwika: digiri apansi processing, mosavuta kwambiri anaphatikizana mu mafuta m'thupi.

Kodi limatsogolera kutentha wa batala ndi kanjedza mafuta? Inde, zosiyana, limatsogolera mfundo mkulu, mankhwala ndi kwambiri wolephera migwalangwa mafuta poterera, pokhala trudnousvaivaemym. Pa gawo la mankhwala enieni ali luster khalidwe, mazira wosweka zidutswa. Konyenga mafuta zoipa Unalimbitsa firiji, ali mtundu kwambiri wowala, izo ambike. Mfundo kusungunuka mafuta kanjedza - 48 ° C - 52 ° C.

Palm mafuta: kugwiritsa ntchito

Mitundu chakudya cha mafuta mgwalangwa ankaona kuti kwambiri zothandiza wofiira, akuzisunga kwambiri zakudya ndi mankhwala.

1. mavitamini zothandiza kapangidwe kake: A kulimbikitsa ziwalo zithunzi, E zingamuthandize masomphenya zabwino ndi Zimachititsa zopangitsa kugonana.
2. Kutsitsa mafuta chifukwa oleic, zidulo linoleic. Palm mafuta ndi Lamulo ntchito ya ndulu otaya ndi dongosolo m'mimba wonse. Iwo mwayeretsa ndime m'mphuno pa kuchulukana.
3. Ena mankhwala akatswiri a zinthu zakudya tikulimbikitsidwa monga njira slimming (2 tsp kusala).
4. Pamene Frying mafuta Pa woyaka munthu ndi chadit ndi mankhwala ataphimbidwa ndi khirisipi wokongola. Anawonjezera kuti mtanda, limapereka mankhwala crispness yowawitsa lokhazika mtima pansi.
5. "Palm" masks ntchito gloss, kukula tsitsi ndi kuchira.
6. Pa maziko ake, zodzikongoletsera creams, sopo amapangidwa. Chifukwa mtengo kwachilengedwenso ntchito kusamalira khungu vuto, rejuvenation ake ndi odana aliasing.
7. Bafa ndi pang'ono m'malovu mafuta kumachepetsa nkhawa, nthawi ntchito Mitsempha.
8. Kusamba ufa ndi wokhutira si zovulaza thanzi.

Iwo ayenera kusiyanitsa chakudya chofiira (ankachitira) mafuta luso (Popanda kuchitapo kanthu) ndi hue zofanana. Ntchito luso lapadera ndipo fractionation mtundu wa chakudya ndi otetezeka. Quality, ogula maganizo akuti ndi mankhwala a "Zlata Palma" ndi "Royal".

Palm mafuta: mavuto

Kodi mafuta zoipa hydrogenation zapitazi. The mafuta madzi, saturable maatomu ndondomeko wa hydrogen ndi faifi tambala ndi pulatinamu catalysts ndi n'kukhala mafuta olimba. Ndi chifukwa zikamera wa mafuta trans ndi hydrogenation, kuchititsa matenda ndi thanzi:

• matenda neuropsychiatric, utachepa tcheru maganizo chifukwa chakuti mafuta trans kubweza njira kagayidwe kachakudya ubongo;
• trans imfayo magazi chotengera sclerosis, matenda ischemic, kulephera mtima, sitiroko;
• transzhirovymi mamolekyulu zoipa zikutanthauza pa katulutsidwe wa michere m'mimba, choncho mavuto digestibility ndi processing ndi mankhwala;
• mafuta awa chikwiyire ukalamba ndi selo kusintha, omwe ana amakumana ndi matenda m'thupi ndi khansa.

Phukusi munali mankhwala hydrogenated ayenera yofanana zitosi ( «Trans-mafuta»).

Information: ndithu, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa processing, zimakhalanso zovuta kwa kuloŵerera wa chotsirizidwa. Koma ntchito olondola a dongosolo m'mimba sangadalire yekha pa kutentha: Musati muzidalira pa nkhani okwana blockage wa thupi "kanjedza plasticine". Non-hydrogenated kanjedza mafuta amapweteka kokha pamene kumwa ntchito izo.

Akamanena za "dzanja" funso

Nthawi zambiri, "kanjedza vuto" chiri motere:

• khalidwe mankhwala ndi otetezeka kudya;
• mowa bwino mankhwala lalikulu zedi Mosakayika kovulaza thanzi;
• mafuta luso ayenera ayi kukhala ingested.

Kuphwanya malamulo a kayendedwe (mwachitsanzo, mu akasinja zopangidwa mafuta), zopangira processing umisiri mosemphana ndi chilamulo Russian - kuti zimayambitsa khalidwe wosauka pa maalumali wa mafuta kanjedza. Koma nkomwe opanga akathyali anazindikira ogula ambiri zophophonya zawo.