Mfundo ndi mphamvu ya ubongo wa munthu. Obisika mbali ya ubongo wa munthu

Brain - zovuta kwachilengedwenso chipangizo thupi lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo inakula ndi mphukira. Ngati ife kuyerekezera kugwirizana mu ubongo monga mzere umodzi, zingakhale nthawi 7-8 yaitali kuposa mtunda kuchokera Earth kwa Moon. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chiwalo ochepa - munthu ano, izo akulemera kuchokera 1020 magalamu 1970.

Awiri kwambiri yojambula

Mfundo ndi mphamvu ya ubongo wa munthu kwa nthawi yaitali zilonda imene ofufuza. Mpaka posachedwapa iwo akanangokhoza amanena za ntchito yake, thupi lenilenilo yekha atha kusunga pa autopsy lapansi. Woyamba chachikulu yopuma anabwera pamene madokotala anaphunzira likhazikike maelekitirodi mwachindunji mu ubongo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zinadziwika mmene ubongo ndipo mmene kufala kwa deta misempha ndi ku ubongo wina ndi mzake.

Sitepe yachiwiri yaikulu patsogolo anabwera pamene panali njira electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, tomography positron umuna ndi zinchito magnitorezonanskoy. Iwo kunapangitsa kuti "kuona" mkati mwa moyo, ntchito ubongo. Mwa njira zimenezi, madotolo ndi ofufuza amatha "kuona" chimene mbali ya ubongo ndi yogwira akagona, kulankhula, kuganiza, n'zotheka kusiyanitsa munthu wamba ntchito chiwalo kuchokera kudwala wake, kudziwa kuyan'anila ndi kuyika matenda yolondola.

Ubongo: mbali ndi maluso

Chiwalo ochepa, amene ali 2 okha% ya misa okwana thupi, koma amadya 20% ya mpweya wolowera thupi. Chibadwire kufa, konse kwa miniti sanaleke ntchito zawo.

Ubongo wa munthu, aluso amene adakali ndi wamkulu kuposa makompyuta zambiri zamakono angathe kukumbukira nthawi 5 zambiri kuposa uli mu Encyclopaedia Britannica. Amanenera, luso lake akomere ku terabytes 3 1,000. Si pafupifupi yofanana ndi tsopano alipo mu sayansi ndi mapeto a 2015 zakonzedwa kukwaniritsa munkalowa 20 terabytes.

Poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti anthu akuluakulu, chiwindi ndi malo amodzi - minofu ubongo sizisintha ndipo akhoza kupha, kukula monga thupi latsopano sangathe. Komabe, pofika kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, chifukwa cha kafukufuku Elizabet Gud zinadziwika - kwa moyo wonse wa chamoyo chikukulirakulirabe manyuroni latsopano ndi minofu ubongo.

Komabe, mwayi wa ubongo suthera latsopano manyuroni. Iye akhapidziwa kuti thupi sangathe achire zowonongeka ndi anthu ovulala. Asayansi ku University Karolinska ndi University of Lund anachita kafukufuku, zotsatira za sipangakhalenso kuona mozondoka malingaliro amakono za izo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, m'madera anakhudzidwa ndi sitiroko, thupi "kukula" manyuroni yatsopano m'malo kuonongeka.

Luso pokonza mfundo

Luso pokonza mfundo ndi kusintha kuti - katundu wina, amene ali ndi ulamuliro. Komanso, kusinthasintha ngati amatsogolera munthu kuganiza lingathe lobisika la ubongo wa munthu, anthu ambiri "wamba". sachedwa kutengera ndi kusunga ndalama malire mfundo Kim a Peak kapena masomphenya sonar anthu ngati Danieli Kisi, Ben Underwood - zitsanzo ziwiri zokha za zinsinsi zimenezi.

Daniel Kisi, echolocation anthu

Kodi n'zotheka ndikukhulupirira kuti munthu akhoza kuganizira kumva ngati mleme? Kuti munthu wakhungu kwathunthu adzatha kuyenda popanda kalozera, popanda ndodo, popanda ano luso amadziona bwanji? Ndipo si kungochoka - kuthamanga, masewera, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukwera phiri njinga? Ubongo wa munthu, makamaka kuthekera Daniel Kisi kuwalola iye - anali mmodzi wa anthu amene ali ndi sonar masomphenya, kapena echolocation anthu.

Daniel wataya amatha kuona ndili wamng'ono kwambiri, patangopita, monga momwe adali chaka chimodzi. Kuyenda mu mlengalenga, anayamba ntchito phokoso - chinenero cha kudina, kumatikumbutsabe za amene anabwerera ndi kuloledwa "kuona" ozungulira. Pang'onopang'ono bwino ake nzeru kuti iye akanakhoza kuchita chimodzimodzi monga wamba ana - kusewera masewera, kukwera njinga, ndipo ndithudi, kuyenda popanda Chiongoko.

Chifukwa pakalibe akhungu ambiri kwambiri otukuka kumva. Komabe, si lalikulu mphekesera - Daniel Kisi, ngati ine anganene choncho, zachitika latsopano tanthauzo lake, limene amatha m'malo mmodzi wa asanu chosowacho. Ndi pitani chinenero ngati iye akutumiza phokoso danga amabwera ndi Echo ndi wokhoza "kuona" mtunda, mtunda zinthu, mawonekedwe awo ndiponso zinthu zina. Komabe, Daniel Kisi sanaleke kumeneko - analenga bungwe World Access kwa Akhungu ndi mwachangu LIMAPHUNZITSA sonar masomphenya ena akhungu ana ndi akulu omwe.

Mmodzi wa luso ambiri mwa ophunzira ake - Ben Andervud, amene chifukwa khansa maso onse kuchotsedwa pa zaka zitatu. Kuwonjezera iye, zotsatira zosaneneka kusonyeza ndiponso ophunzira ena Kisi - Lucas Murray ndi Brian Bushvey. Izi limasonyeza kuti patali mokwanira kufufuza ubongo wa munthu, mbali ndi mwayi kuposa luso limene anthu ambiri zokwanira tsiku ndi tsiku moyo.

Malinga ndi mfundo za asayansi, m'kati echolocation kumafuna mbali zina za ubongo zomwe anthu woona ali ndi udindo kusintha kwa chizindikiro diso. Pankhani ya akhungu, amangoika "zinasintha". Palinso chiphunzitso kuti sonar masomphenya si chinachake wapadera - ngati luso chabe kwathunthu otukuka, pali 5% ya anthu. Ndipo zikuoneka kuwaphunzitsa, ndi wakhungu ndi woona.

Mpikisano mayiko

Kupatulapo operekera zakudya akatswiri ndi mnemonics, ochepa akhoza kukumbukira makumi awiri zifukwa mawu mnzake mu mzere. mawu ochepa zana mu mphindi 15? Mwayi mwakuwoneka zosaneneka za ubongo wa munthu - chinthu wamba ophunzira pa chikumbukiro cha Championship dziko, amene akusonkhanitsa ambiri chaka chilichonse.

Gulu zochitika ntchito mnemonic - mndandanda wa njira zosiyana ndi njira kuloweza, amene amalola ife kukhala mphamvu ochiritsira ya ubongo wa munthu ndi kusunga aliwonse mudziwe, ndipo pafupifupi kukula kulikonse.

Anthuwa kupikisana kuloweza ambiri nkhope ndi maina, manambala, zithunzi umboni, makadi mawu mwachisawawa kwa nthawi yochepa Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukumbukira mu dongosolo anabwera mu mphindi 15 za zithunzi chabe. Kapena manambala ochuluka mwachisawawa mkati ola. Pakati pa akatswiri a lodabwitsa masewera - Domi- O'Brien, Saymon Raynhard, Johannes Mallow ndi Jonas Von Essen.

Ambiri mwa akatswiri analandira mphamvu zofanana wa masewera olimbitsa thupi - limatitsimikizira Ben Pridman, atatu nthawi ngwazi mu mwambo wa dziko, uyu akhoza kukwaniritsa chilichonse. Komabe, sverhvozmozhnosti ubongo pali kobadwa nako - mwachitsanzo, mnemonist S. V. Shereshevskogo ndi American Kim Peak.

Kim chithunzithunzi ndi Solomon Shereshevskiy

Solomon Shereshevskiy anabwera pansi maganizo kuonerera A. Lurie, pamene ndinali ndithu mnyamata - ndiponso maganizo ake anali phenomenal, popanda kuphunzitsidwa. njira Yake "kusamala" zili zofanana ndi njira zodziwika mnemonic lero. Iwo akupereka kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kukumbukira izo si chinthu china. vuto lake linali kungoti kuphunzira kuiwala.

Munthuyo anali otchedwa synesthesia. Mu mpumulo wa sv Shereshevskiy anakhalabe zachilendo. Osati vuto Kim Peak - iye anabadwa ndi matenda ena, amene Koma paokha siziyenera m'pang'ono wanzeru kapena wodwala. Komabe, mu miyezi 16, mwana waphunzira kuwerenga, kwa zaka zitatu katswiri manyuzipepala, seveni anaphunzira m'Baibulo. Nice kufotokoza mbali ya ubongo wa munthu m'buku lakuti Deniela Tammeta (zomwe ndi zofanana ndi Kim chithunzithunzi, "Savant", koma zambiri ndi chikhalidwe, komanso mosiyana ndi ena, kuti afotokoze mmene ndendende kuwerengetsera ya).

Kim chithunzithunzi anali mapu maganizo a mizinda American, mazana a ntchito za nyimbo zachikhalidwe, kumbukirani zikwi mabuku kuwerenga. Zonsezi sanali "akufa kulemera" - anamvetsetsa mfundo kukumbukira mfundo zake akhoza kutanthauzira ndi ntchito.

Mu 2002, anayamba akuimba limba akayamba ambiri a ntchito pamtima. Zinali iye amene anauzira Barry Levinson Nyamulani anapanga wotchuka filimu "Mvula Man."

The zochitika za sayansi

M'mbiri yonse ya anthu chinachitika kwambiri za zinthu zovuta kufotokoza sayansi. Komanso, pali milandu kuti kwenikweni kumathandiza asayansi amaona kuti ubongo wa munthu si kwenikweni ndi kuthekera ano malingaliro za izo.

Munthu ndi theka ubongo

14 zaka, Carlos Rodriguez anali mu ngozi yagalimoto: galimoto anali kuweta inagwera mu mtengo, ndipo Iye anawulukira mwa zenera lakutsogolo ndi "Anafika" pamutu. Chifukwa, pambuyo pa opaleshoni, anataya pafupifupi 60% ya ubongo. Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri - chakuti Rodriguez akadali moyo. Tsopano iye ndi zaka kotala, ndipo chikudziwikabe ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Ngakhale mankhwala apita patsogolo kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi zimene zinali pa nthawi ya Phineas Gage, kuwonongeka otere amaona kuti kwambiri. Komanso, amakhulupirira kuti popanda ubongo, onse a zigawo, munthu sangakhoze kukhala moyo kapena moyo ngati "masamba".

Rodriguez, Gage ndi anthu ena ambiri omwe adakumana anavulala kwambiri ndi imfa ya mbali ya ubongo kusonyeza kuti malingaliro panopa ndi ziphunzitso komabe cholakwika.

Phineas Gage: "Munthu ndi dzenje mutu"

Mu pakati pa XIX atumwi panali mlandu kuti sanabadwe kufotokoza kuti asayansi ndiponso madokotala: womanga Fineas Geydzh anapulumuka, m'mene adalandira bala lolemera ndipo pakutayika mbali ya ubongo pambuyo zitsulo zotha ali stitched mutu wake. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Gage zaka 25.

Pin analowa pansipa diso kumanzere ndipo anatuluka thupi, zouluka mamita angapo, kusiya anaumanga wamng'ono popanda mbali yabwino ya ubongo. Komabe, sanafe. Komanso posachedwapa anatsitsimuka ndipo anamutengera dokotala ku chipatala chapafupi. dokotala mabandeji ndi kuyeretsa bala ku shrapnel - anali mankhwala kuti onse akanapereka pa nthawi imeneyo. Anthu anali otsimikiza kuti Fineas Geydzh afa.

Patapita nthawi, izo zachitika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa, komanso nkhungu unakula. Komabe, pambuyo pa 10 masabata wodwalayo atachitidwa - sanataye kukumbukira, chikumbumtima chabwino ndi awo katswiri luso. Fineas Geydzh anamwalira 1860 ndipo izi chidwi mlandu ndipo sanampeza bwino kufotokoza.

chodabwitsa Tsiperovich

Komabe, milandu - osati zodabwitsa kwambiri. Kodi chodabwitsa kosonyeza mphamvu wozizwitsa kwambiri ya ubongo wa munthu - chodabwitsa Tseperovicha. Yakov Tseperovich - munthu amene ali zaka zoposa makumi atatu, si kugona, adya pang'ono ndipo mwamtheradi palibe ukalamba. Nthawi zikuoneka kuti asiya iye - ndipo tsopano iye akungowoneka basi monga pa zithunzi 70s.

Mbiri ya munthu uyu anayamba mu 1979 - pambuyo poyizoni amphamvu, iye anali mu chikhalidwe cha kukomoka, ndiye anagwa mu chikomokere. Potuluka izo patapita mlungu umodzi, Yakobo anaona kuti iye sakanatha kugona - ngakhale kugona lathyathyathya iye analephera. Madokotala analephera kuufotokoza kapena kusintha mkhalidwe - zaka zochepa, kuchita anati yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha Tseperovich anaphunzira mwachidule kutenga malo yopingasa, koma osati kugona, ndi theka tulo.

Pamaso choncho Yakobo anali munthu wamba - ankakonda nkhondo, kumwa, kugwira ntchito ya zamagetsi. Pambuyo anachita chidwi mu chikhalidwe kum'mawa, anayamba dongosolo yake zokambirana. Panopo, iye amakhala mu Germany.

Ndingatani kuphunzira supernormal

Asayansi sichotero chokha, madotolo, ndi anthu "wamba" komanso ndi chidwi ndi mwayi wa ubongo wa munthu - ndi zopelekedwa ndi BBC, Apeza, nkhani za njila zina TV ndi oyeretsa filimu nthawi zonse masewera.

Mitundu yonse ya trainings umalimbana chitukuko, kapena zina za zinthu zake, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi anthu ambiri. Yotero ndipo ndithu sagwirizana nazo ndi wosaloleka boma zipangizo zophunzitsira sayansi Vyacheslav Bronnikov kapena Mirzakarim Norbekova.

Kutchuka yaikulu njira zosiyanasiyana fiefdoms zothandiza kuwerenga maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ndi kukhala mphamvu ya ubongo -. "5 madera" Apa, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, njira Bronnikov, ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri ndi kupsa mchiphunzitso cha matabwa ano kuwerenga maganizo.

N'zotheka kuti asayansi zina kafukufuku ndi kutsimikizira chenicheni cha view zina, ndi mphamvu zochiritsa matenda popanda mwini luso yake yamakono zachipatala, ndi zinthu zochepa chifuniro, ndi ena kuti amaonedwa pamene mphamvu zauzimu. Chinthu chimodzi ndi bwino - tsogolo tikuyembekezera kwambiri chidwi wa.