Mimbulu Brown. Chidule ndi munkhaniyi wa Jack London ndi "bulauni nkhandwe"

Brown nkhandwe - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu za ntchito ya wotchuka American wolemba Jack London. Iye anayenda maulendo ataliatali mu Alaska pofunafuna migodi ya golide, koma m'malo golide anapezeka kumeneko kulamulidwa kwa awo nkhani yosangalatsa ndi moyo, novellas komanso mabuku. Nthawi zambiri zilembo zazikulu za m'mabuku ake anakhala nyama mu malo oyamba, agalu olusa ndi nkhandwe. Zinaimira mu ntchito za wolemba ufulu, kudzidalira ndi kunyada.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za

mimbulu Brown - wapadera wa agalu olusa, amene ogwirira theka ndi theka ziweto. Kuti ndi mbali yaikulu wolemba nkhani. Izi ang'onoang'ono, mwa mawu a nkhani mbapita zosonkhanitsira wake "Kukonda Life" (1907). Ntchito imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zake msanga.

Against ntchito ina ikuluikulu wolemba tidzakwatulidwa anaona si odziwika Komabe, imafunanso tcheru zochepa chifukwa cha unkagwiritsidwa mbali ya kalembedwe ya wolemba. mimbulu Brown ku North America - si zachilendo. Akhala mu kumpoto kutali ndi limati chapakati monga agalu sled. Kuti anali tsogolo la mbali yaikulu ya nkhaniyo.

kulowa

Pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake, Dzhek London anayambitsanso owerenga ndi osangalala achinyamata ena okwatirana amene anakhala galu zakutchire, zimene anazitcha zina "nkhandwe." Wolemba yochepa koma lolankhulalankhula chojambula chithunzi cha nyumba chitonthozo awo. Kuyambira pachiyambi tikudziwa kuti achinyamata moyo olemera, lophweka, koma osangalala kwambiri.

Mwamuna, Uolt Irvin - ndakatulo, mkazi wake - Madge, chinkhoswe mu zogona. Ali ndi kanyumba laling'ono limene lili m'dera wowoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe zikuoneka kuti kudzoza kwa Walt.

Kufotokozera za ngwazi za

Brown nkhandwe - ndi mtundu wapadera wa nyama zomwe ndi lowonekera onse maonekedwe awo ndi khalidwe. Khalidwe yaikulu kukaonekera kwambiri, kumene monga Likutsindika zotsutsana za chikhalidwe chake. Iye chidafundidwa ndi tsitsi bulauni, koma pa mapazi ndi mimba lili mawanga woyera. makutu ake anali pang'ono frostbitten kuti kamodzi adampereka Iye wobvutika kale mu North. akumwetulira wake anali lonse, koma konse anawuwa ndi growled yekha. Zinali amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso amphamvu thupi. Wolf anakhoza kukhala kwambiri liwiro ndi kuwagonjetsa mazana a mailosi tsiku. Kunja, iye ankawoneka ngati galu kuthengo, koma zizolowezi ankaoneka weniweni nkhandwe.

khalidwe

Dzhek London wakhala ankafotokozedwa nyama monga anthu amoyo. Iye finely kwambiri ndi molondola popereka zitsanzo zawo maganizo ofanana kwambiri mmene anthu. Choncho, nkhani zake za nyama otchuka pakati owerenga. Wolf, amene ankakhala banja Irvine, ali wokanika kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe mwadala.

Iye anali wouma ndi sanayankhe kuseŵera anthu wakeyu. kuyesa caress izo basi anabangula ndi mantha osati anansi, ndipo ngakhale eni okha. Chirombo chinali kulimbikira kwambiri mu adaponya yake kumpoto. Kangapo anathamangira ku Irwin ndi mitu kumpoto. Izi zakutchire wofunitsitsa ludzu ufulu sanasiye ngakhale pamene achinyamata anakwanitsa zikhale izo. Komabe, kukhala ndi eni, iye anakhalabe Otetezedwa ndi unsociable m'mutu mwake. Panapita nthawi yaitali kwambiri pamaso pa iwo amene angakhale malo ake kwa iye.

Background ngwazi

Nkhani ya "bulauni nkhandwe", mwachidule ndilo phunziro la ndemanga iyi, olembedwa mwambo wa mlembi wina ku London. Mmodzi wa mitu yaikulu pa ntchito yake ndi lingaliro la ufulu, zomwe zinali zotheka m'tchire. The ngwazi chachikulu cha nkhani mwadzidzidzi pa kanyumba Irvine. Iye anavulazidwa ndi woonda kwambiri. Iwo kudyetsedwa iye, ndipo patapita kanthawi nyama anathawa. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Walt anamupeza m'dera la boma lina ndipo wabwerera kwao. Banjalo kachiwiri izo wonenepa ndi kunja, koma nkhandwe makhalidwe kuthengo ndipo sakonda anachira, Iye anapitiriza kumpoto.

Nthawi zambiri izo zinagwira nabwera, napita chaka china pamaso anatula pansi ndipo anakhala kunyumba kwa eni ake atsopano. Mu mankhwala "Brown Wolf", mwachidule zomwe pazikhalanso ikulongosola za ubwenzi wake ndi Irwin, wolemba ikufotokozanso mmene zinalili zovuta kukwaniritsa chikhulupiriro ake akazi. Iye sanali yomweyo anapatsidwa zikondweretsa yekha, ndipo pamene ntchito, anayamikira ake kwa kwambiri otsika-kiyi, chomwe chili pa chiyambi cha ntchito. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti nkhandwe sanaiwale moyo anachita ndipo ngakhale Ufumuyo anthu atsopano, komabe analakalaka mwini.

moyo Irwin

Tiyenera amatchulanso za moyo wa akazi a. Iwo anakhala moyo olemera, koma zambiri. Chinthu chachikulu cha ndalama zawo zinali malipiro kuchokera wofalitsa kuti, Walt analandira ndakatulo wake. Ndi ndalama zimenezi, banjali moyo frugally, koma yabwino ndithu. Kuti azipeza ndi mphaka wawo. nyumba zawo inali kum'mwera m'dzikoli.

Kangapo konse, wolemba likufotokozera mfundo imeneyi nkhani "Brown nkhandwe." Adliesi Irvine ngakhale mwachindunji chimodzimodzi: California, District wa Sonoma, Glen Ellen Street. Chosonyeza maadiresi wolemba ayenera kuti ankatanthauza kutsindika kusiyana okalamba ndi moyo watsopano wa ngwazi wake. Inde, kuyambira pachiyambi, zikuonekeratu kuti Brown anabwera ku North, kumene moyo anali ankhanza kwambiri ndi zovuta. Mu eni ake atsopano izo chakuwangisa amadya ndi chete moyo, ngakhale anatenga nthawi yaitali anatula pansi pamoyo wake watsopano. Iwo adakali moyo chikondi kwa dziko, ndipo anatenga chaka chathunthu kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito malo ake atsopano. ngongole zambiri kwa izi ndi za mwa Irwin, amene ankagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti kukukhulupirirani wake.

Komabe, mu gawo loyamba la nkhani wolemba amasonyeza kuti nthawi zina anali ndalama kugula zinthu zofunikira. Komabe, chirombo sankadziwa chimene zofunika, chifukwa onse ankakonda komanso kumusamalira. Motero, pafupifupi anazolowera kunyumba moyo bulauni nkhandwe. Mutu wa ntchito Komabe, owerenga nthawi zonse umabwerera kwa m'mbuyomo.

tayi

Maonekedwe mwadzidzidzi anadabwa alendo akuphwanya bwino ndi omasuka njira ya moyo banja Irvine. Kamodzi kunja kanyumba wake, anakumana ndi wapaulendo, amene maonekedwe akukumbutsa apaulendo. kunja wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi achinyamata. Iye anali wokhwimitsa ndipo ankaoneka munthu, mtima mu mayesero. Koyamba, Ndizachidziwikire kuti ambiri oyendayenda, kuti moyo wake kunali kovuta wovuta. Pa msonkhano naye mosayembekezera wachitira bulauni nkhandwe. Kufotokozera Wolf mu nthawi ya msonkhano imafunanso anatchulidwa mwapadera.

Ataona munthu ameneyu, amene amatchedwa bwato laling'onolo liyenera Miller, choyamba anayamba Lira mofuula, ndipo zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti anasangalala kwambiri ndi msonkhano uno. Ndinadabwa achinyamata yomweyo kuzindikira kuti munthu wolimba uyu anali mwini chiweto chawo. Bwato laling'onolo liyenera ananena kuti dzina lino la chirombo - Brown. Iye ankakonda kwambiri wake, ndipo akuthamanga mtsogoleri galu sled. Iye ankaona galu bwino, chifukwa iye anali wokhulupirika, okhulupirika kwa mbuye wake, anali amphamvu kwambiri, akhoza kakafupi kuchuluka kwa nthawi amayenda mtunda wautali. Traveler nkhani anakantha Irvine.

History bwato laling'onolo liyenera

Imodzi yabwino, kuti ntchito si odziwika ndi nkhani ya London, "Brown nkhandwe." Amene anatsogolera ufulu wa nkhandwe - mwina Nkhani yaikulu kuti amaponya wolemba ku nkhani yake. Bwato laling'onolo liyenera nkhani limasonyeza kuti munthu chirombo anatsogolera nkhanza ntchito moyo wathunthu wa mavuto, madandaulo ndi mavuto. Kamodzi mwini, pokhala kuzizira opanda chakudya, pafupifupi anadya Pet wake. Mwamwayi, pa nthawi anakwatulidwa mbawala zakutchire, ndipo anapulumutsa Wolf.

Komabe, nkhani ya munthu wapaulendo owerenga amvela kuti Chirombo anali okondwa kukhala pa mbuye wake. Iye anali wokhulupirika kwa iye komanso ankamukonda moona mtima, ngakhale nkhanza ndi zovuta. Nzosadabwitsa iye anaponyera msonkhano mwadzidzidzi moni iye, ndipo iye analola caress woyamba, omwe zisanachitikepo kale. Bwato laling'onolo liyenera ananenanso kuti apaulendo ambiri akuonetsa chidwi Pet wake, pamene iye anali amphamvu ndi Hardy. Koma poikira kumbuyo galu wake, chifukwa iwo alibe kuigulitsa, ngakhale zinkafuna kwambiri.

Ubale wa ngwazi ndi bwato laling'onolo liyenera

Zojambula "bulauni nkhandwe" anadzipereka ku sewero la ngwazi, amene panthawi ya wake woyamba, koma tsopano mwiniwake woyamba anafunika kusankha kovuta kwambiri. Iye anali mwamphamvu Ufumuyo Irwin, ngakhale kuti maganizo ake mofulumira kwambiri. Iye anali kwambiri anawasunga iwo ndi sanalole kwambiri zikondweretsa yekha. Komabe, nkhandwe chibwenzi ndi Walt, ndipo ngakhale Madge ntchito pakapita kanthawi. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, anali wosangalala kwambiri kukumana ndi bwato laling'onolo liyenera. Iwowa anawafunsa kuti anamuukitsa chimayamba kutulutsa mayi wa mwanayo, anamusamalira, kuthera ndalama zonse chakudya. Kawiri pakuti anapereka ndalama zambiri, koma bwato laling'onolo liyenera anakana, cifukwa anamkonda. Malinga Miller, iye anali wanzeru ndi lakuthwa-witted mu gulu lonse. nkhani "bulauni nkhandwe" ngwazi anayamba amati ndi ufulu kuchoka galu wanzeru kunyumba.

zochita chitukuko

Akazi ndi Miller nthawi kukangana za amene adzatenga galu kwa iye. Aliyense wa iwo chosiyanasiyana kulandira galu pogona mu nyumba yake. Kukambiranako awo ndi chidwi mu kuti anakumana ndi awiri dziko kwathunthu zimatsutsana. Timaphunzira kuti sindinali kuganiza za maganizo a Pet, pokhala wotsimikiza kuti galu osangalala na kuti moyo lina iye analibe replicas ku bwato laling'onolo liyenera. Apo ayi anakambirana Madge. Iye analankhula za galu ufulu kusankha kwawo. Chidwi kwambiri ndi zipolowe za maganizo osiyana pa moyo mu mankhwala "Brown nkhandwe." Ganizo chachikulu cha ntchito - ndi mawu a ufulu, amene, mu maganizo a wolemba, ali aliyense ngakhale galu akuthamanga. Bwato laling'onolo liyenera anali wotsimikiza kuti naye galuyo akadali sangalalani. Madge amanena kuti galu waweruzidwa bata ndi mtendere, omasuka moyo pambuyo mayesero onse amene iye anayenera kupirira mavuto, pamene iye adathamanga oyang'anira. Walt anathandiza mkazi wake, ndipo patapita ganizo bwato laling'onolo liyenera anakakamizika kugwirizana naye. Choncho, onse atatu anaganiza zopatsa Wolf kusankha, kusankha anatsimikizira chakupha magulu onse awiri.

chimake

Zochitika kusankha ndi mwini galu, mwina amphamvu kwambiri mu nkhani "Brown nkhandwe." Wolemba mosangalatsa kwambiri ndi yoona anafotokoza maganizo ake ndi maganizo. Dog zinthu monga munthu wamoyo amene ali kuti pakati pa okondedwa. Ndi panthawi imeneyi owerenga amaona mmene galu Ufumuyo Irwin. Iye caresses iwo, monga ngati akupempha kukhala naye. Komabe, onse atatu anavomera kuti poach iye kumbali yake, ndi kunamizira chidwi ndi kusankha nyama anali "tsankho".

Ndipo kwambiri, ndi kuwerenga mizere kuwawa, zimene wolemba anafotokoza kuyendayenda ndi mavuto nkhandwe kuti aliyense mwa anthu amene anali kufunafuna thandizo ndi chilimbikitso. Iye ankawoneka kuti Kupeza chithandizo ngati bwato laling'onolo liyenera, ndi pa Irvine. Komabe, woyamba ndi mphwayi akuoneka, ndi mphwayi kumanzere kanyumba, ndipo Walt kunamizira chidwi ndi zonse zikuchitika. Okhawo amene anayesa kuletsa galu anali Madge. Komabe, anasiya pansi pa maso imperious mwamuna wake. Khalidweli anatsimikiza ndi chigamulo Kwirirani, amene imeneyi kuchita zinthu ngati iye akanakhoza kuchita amakonda ufulu ndi ufulu wa chirombo.

zotsatira

alilidi kwambiri anafotokoza chikhalidwe cha wolemba khalidwe lake London. "Brown Wolf" - nkhani kuti anadzipereka kwa Kuwulura fano galu, yomwe wolemba ananena munthu. Osalandira thandizo lililonse kuchokera bwato laling'onolo liyenera, kapena kuchokera Irvine, galu anathamangira kutsogolo, ku nkhalango. Iye sanakhale ndi aliyense wa iwo, ndipo ngati njira zikutsimikizira wofunitsitsa ludzu ufulu izo. wolemba mwatsatanetsatane khalidwe la chikhalidwe, amene pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono anatola liwiro ngati inu kuyandikira cholinga chake. Mu ichi ndimeyi galu komaliza anapeza, potsiriza, ufulu aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino. Adapereka kuphatikana onse poyerekezera bwato laling'onolo liyenera, ndi Irwin. anthu awa zoipa iye anazunzidwa pamene anakanidwa mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wake. Choncho, iye anasankha kukhala ndekha. Kuti ndi ufulu kukoma pathos ntchito lonse.

lingaliro

Malo nkhandwe mu nkhani "bulauni nkhandwe" kwakukulukulu alinga kuti cholinga cha nkhaniyo. chakuti iye anakhala moyo wake wonse mu Klondike Valley. Choncho ndi mtsinje mu Canada. Pali malo ankaona ngati golide, koma n'zovuta moyo apaulendo amene anali kufunafuna zitsulo. Komabe, malinga ndi ouma, Brown anasangalala pamene ine ndinali akuthamanga gulu ndi adagawa ndi mwini mavuto onse a moyo wake. Miller anali paubwenzi kwa iye pambuyo mofulumira ake pa kufunafuna kwake. Kuti Freestyle moyo zakutchire, zimene zinachititsa Wolf kumpoto, ndipo anamuika kotero unsociable. Chikhalidwe cha chirombo zolemera, koma ndi mphamvu anali kuphatikana zake kwa anthu amene anamuthandiza pa nthawi yovuta. Komabe, iye anali paokha, chotero, pamene makamu atatu anakana kumupatsa malangizo kapena kuthandiza, iye anathamangira ku nkhalango, zikuoneka kukhala anasankha kukhala yekha. Mu zinthu izi, wolemba chisoni kotheratu kumbali ya galuyo. wolemba mfundo yakuti iye sakanachitira mwina ena, ndipo komabe iye analemekeza zimene wake, amene pa nthawiyo ankaoneka bwino. Mu njira ina, izi galu anzeru basi kuchita izo. Palibe amene amafika sankapatsa mkazi wake. Brown chinaperekedwa ku ndi vuto loopsa, imene anatuluka wopambana.

Wolemba imatiuza owerenga pa chakuti nyama zimenezi, kotero molapitsa mwachibadwa, kunapezeka kuti nzeru kuposa anthu. choonadi makhalidwe anachoka kumbali ya galu amene anali ngati chikumbumtima chake anamuuza, pamene ambuye wake anabisa kwa iye maganizo ake oona, kukakamiza yekha kusankha adzawonongedwa. Kwenikweni, Mtsutso wawo anali odzikonda. Ngakhale owerenga sangathe kukayikira mtima wofunitsitsa Walt ndi Madge kusunga Pet wokondedwa, komanso angakayikire chikondi kwa iye bwato laling'onolo liyenera Komabe, tikudziwa kuti iwo anachita poyerekezera ndi nyama osauka amalakwa kwabasi kuti sichoyenera. Mosakayika, iwo atalephera kuti mulimbane ndi mzake ndi kuti alange iye mayeso kotero okhwima, zimene zinaonetseratu kuti koposa mphamvu yake.

N'zovuta kupeza mu nkhani iyi, kudziwa makhalidwe awo. Aliyense anachita ndi zolinga zabwino, koma njira imene iwo anapereka kunapezeka kuti sayenera iwo. Mwina izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa bwato laling'onolo liyenera, amene pa chiyambi cha kumayambiriro kwake akuimira munthu molunjika, moona, mlendo osiyanasiyana zidule za mtundu uwu. Koma banjali Irvine, ndiye kumbali yawo, mwina, izo zinali zomveka ndithu kanthu. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti anali Madge anapereka mwamantha chiyeso chotere. Mwina iye samamvetsa motani zosayenera kugonjetsera nyama zimenezi mayeso aakulu. Walt poyamba pafupifupi anasankha kuthetsa mkangano ndi mphamvu. Bwato laling'onolo liyenera akuoneka wokonzeka kumenyera nkhondo ufulu chuma cha nkhandwe. Mu chochitika ichi, aliyense wa gulu anaiwala kuti anali kulimbana ndi kukhala osatetezeka kwambiri ndi chilengedwe zomwe n'zovuta kusankha pakati pa zakumbuyo ndi zam'tsogolo. Ndi sizodabwitsa, kuti sympathies onse wolemba kwathunthu kumbali Kwirirani. njira wosalira moyo wakhala wochenjera monga nzeru za moyo weniweniwo. Mwina chomaliza ngati zodabwitsa popeza munthu angayembekezere kuti nkhandwe akadali kuthamangira pambuyo mbuye wake wakale, amene anakhala moyo wake. Ena angaganize kuti adzakhalabe ndi Irwin. Koma nditawerenga ntchito sangakhale kukaika, ndi ndendende zimene zimayenera kuthetsa nkhani imeneyi.