Misempha Cranial, ndi zolakwika akuwuka kwa matenda awo

Mantha dongosolo zikuphatikizapo ubongo ndi msana, anakafika kwa mitsempha yawo ndi ramifications awo. Zonse nthambi mitsempha chikugwirizana ndi mantha dongosolo zotumphukira. Pali awiriawiri 12 misempha cranial ndi msana awiriawiri 31. Mugulu dzina chake ndi chiwerengero, amene amaimira numeral Roma. misempha Cranial zili m'tsinde mwa ubongo. Pa zikuchokera Ulusi mitsempha, anamasulidwa ntchito zawo zitatu: galimoto, kwenikweni ndi kusakaniza.

Tcheru cranial mitsempha anapanga ulusi wochokera manyuroni kuti kugona kunja ubongo. Zikuphatikizapo olfactory, zithunzi ndi Makutu misempha. Iwo amapereka vestibular ntchito, kumva, kuona ndi fungo. Anthu awiri oyambirira akuyamba ku maselo ubongo, zomwe zili amphuno mucosa. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha, pali imfa wathunthu mphamvu za fungo. Awiri chachiwiri - ndi chamawonedwe mitsempha, zomwe zimachokera ku maselo retinal. manja ake kumabweretsa kuchepa lakuthwa mu acuity zithunzi, ndi khungu zina wathunthu. The chitatu awiri misempha Makutu udindo kumva ndi ntchito ya zida za vestibular. Ngati kuphwanya ntchito yake pali chizungulire, kumva imfa, ataxia, vestibular kukanika.

Njinga ntchito tichipeza awiriawiri asanu misempha. Ali anachokera mu mtima tsinde galimoto. Wachitatu, wachinayi ndi wachisanu awiri misempha kugwirizana ndi chipangizo ndi diso kayendedwe. Oculomotor mitsempha - ichi ndi awiri wachitatu. Iwo aumbike mwa ulusi, kuyambira mtundu wa phata. ulusi Parasympathetic ali misempha kuti akakwaniritse minofu ya diso. Anakhudzidwa misempha cranial III yodziwika ndi awiri a chapamwamba chikope ptosis, divergent squint ndi mydriasis. Ngati zingamvekere mitsempha chipika IV m'masomphenya anaona zinthu awiri. Pamene maganizo ndi adatchithisira pansi, anasonyeza pang'ono mtanda eyed. Ngati akusokoneza ntchito za VI abducens, kusintha kayendedwe ka diso kunja, izi zimathandiza munthu convergent squint ndi masomphenya awiri.

Mitsempha nkhope (VII) akulamulira minofu nkhope. Komanso lili ulusi ndipo ali ndi kukoma tilinazo autonomic ulusi, umene zonse ntchito ya malovu ndi zopangitsa lacrimal. Secondary XI mitsempha nthawi ntchito za mitundu ina ya minofu. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwake limapezeka paresis kapena ziwalo za minofu. Otsiriza, hypoglossal mitsempha XII kugwirizana ndi minofu ya lilime. Ngati kuphwanya ntchitoyi mitsempha anati chiletso kuyenda patsogolo chinenero ndi kupatuka ake mu mbali akhudzidwa. Owonetseredwa minofu ya manja, ululu lilime, fibrillar kukokana.

Obwerawa ntchito cranial misempha ntchito V, IX, ndi X awiriawiri. Chachisanu, mitsempha trigeminal akulamulira minofu kutafuna ndi amatipatsa tilinazo munthu. Glossopharyngeal (IX) mitsempha ndi amene salivating kukoma ndi wa boma la pakhosi ndi lilime. Vagus (X) mitsempha amapereka tilinazo kumbuyo mbali ya m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, m'phuno ndi pharynx. Ndiyenso amabweretsa kugwira ntchito kwa minofu. misempha Cranial X parasympathetic awiriawiri kupereka ubale wa ziwalo.

Ngati zingamvekere mitsempha trigeminal, pali lakuthwa kuukira ululu wa khalidwe neuralgic m'madera okhudzidwa wa nkhope. Iwo limodzi ndi redness ndi kuphwasula. Mu awiri kudwala IX anamva ululu mu mmero, pali vuto Pomeza, anawona kukoma matenda, kusokoneza salivation. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha vagus pali zolakwika mu ziwalo mkati. Ndi zotupa amgwirizano anati Pomeza chisokonezo m'mphuno kamvekedwe mawu, kupweteka auricle lapansi. kuyan'anila oterowo nthawi zonse limodzi ndi madokotala ananena zawo kwambiri.