Mitundu yayikulu ya kuyesa mu kuwerenga maganizo

Pali zolinga zingapo zazikulu, chifukwa chopindulitsa chomwe sayansi monga psychology ikufunika. Pothandizidwa ndi izo mukhoza kuphunzira kudzidziwa nokha, anthu ena, komanso kukhazikitsa ubale pakati pawo. Chidziwitso ichi, monga china chirichonse, chimaphunzitsidwa kwa munthu mwa chiphunzitso ndi kuchita. Zomalizazi zikuyimira mitundu yambiri ya kuyesa mu kuwerenga maganizo, chifukwa cha yemwe angathe kufufuza kwathunthu khalidwe la munthu pa malo enaake.

Kuyimira kwa mitundu yoyesera

Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimayesedwa mu kuwerenga maganizo? Liwu limeneli limatanthauza kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo. Ndipo zotsatira zake sizingatheke konse.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene masamu amayamba kuthetsa vuto, amadziwa bwino yankho lake lomwe angapeze. Katswiri wamagetsi amadziwa momwe angapezeretse yankho ngati atasakaniza zigawo zingapo. Katswiri wa sayansi akhoza kufotokoza pasadakhale zotsatira za chinthu chilichonse chomwe chikuchitika pozungulira.

Ndi sayansi yothandiza anthu izi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri yoyesera mu kuwerenga maganizo. Phunziro lililonse lingakhale losayembekezereka.

Kuyesera kumachitika mu labotale

Tikhoza kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu yowonjezereka yowonjezereka mu psychology: labotore, zachirengedwe ndi zopanga. Yoyamba ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa cha khalidwe lake, zinthu zina zimapangidwira pamalo osungirako. Mwachitsanzo, nkofunika kukhala ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka abambo ndikuwauza kuti achite zinazake.

Chifukwa cha phunziro lothandiza, munthu amatha kuzindikira momwe munthu amachitira ndi chinthu chinachake, kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa anthu awiri kapena kuposerapo, liwiro la momwe aliyense wa iwo akuchitira, ndi makhalidwe ena ambiri.

Makhalidwe abwino komanso oipa

N'zotheka kuzindikira ubwino ndi ubwino mu mtundu uliwonse wa kuyesa mu kuwerenga maganizo. M'ma laboratories, zotsatira zowona kwambiri zingapezeke. Zochita zonse zowona zingathe kubwerezedwa kangapo, ngati kuli kofunikira. Patapita kanthawi zonsezo zidzabwerezedwa, m'tsogolomu zikhoza kuwonedweratu kale. Ndiponso, sipadzakhala chinsinsi mwa njira iyi, onse omwe akuyesera adzadziwa za khalidwe lawo.

Palinso zovuta zazikulu - zotsatira zikhoza kusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika m'moyo weniweni. Ndicho chifukwa chake njirayi imatchedwa yosadziwika.

Zophunzira za Mlandu

Pali njira yodziwika kwambiri ya ma laboratory omwe amayesa mu kuwerenga maganizo ndi maphunziro. Gulu la anthu likuyikidwa mu studio yoyamba kukonzekera ndikulimzala m'njira yoti aliyense ali ndi zofanana. Zotsatira zikuphatikizapo TV, yomwe imasonyeza zithunzi ndi mfundo za chinthu china. Munthu aliyense ayenera kulingalira chomwe chimagwirizanitsa iwo, ndi kuwoneratu dzina la mutuwo, ndi yani mwa iwo. Mothandizidwa ndi phunziro lotero, munthu angathe kudziwa kufulumira kwa momwe ophunzirawo amaganizira.

Njira yopangira ma laboratory ingathenso kutchulidwa kuti ndi maseŵera ochita masewero pa zochitika mu sukulu ya kindergarten. Zinthu zina zimalengedwa, ndipo wophunzira aliyense wapatsidwa udindo wina. Pali mwayi wodziwa khalidwe la mwana aliyense.

Chitsanzo chosavuta ndi kulengedwa kwa zikhalidwe zina kwa munthu (kumutengera kumalo osadziwika) ndi kufufuza momwe amachitira ndi iwo.

Chiyeso chikuchitika mu chilengedwe

Kuwonjezera apo, akatswiri amakono amakonda njira zachilengedwe mu maganizo. Yesetsani ndi mitundu yake ili ndi mbali zingapo.

• Maphunziro amachitika pansi pazikhalidwe, momwe munthu aliyense amakhalapo.
• Makhalidwe, omwe amayesedwa, amayenera kudziwa za khalidwe lake. Icho chingakhale mwamtheradi aliyense wodutsa.
• Njira yochitira izo ikhoza kubwera nthawi iliyonse.

Kuphunzira mu chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe ndiko pafupi kwambiri, chifukwa chake m'maganizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Makhalidwe abwino komanso oipa

Zonsezi, pali ubwino waukulu wa mtundu uwu wa kuyesa mu kuwerenga maganizo. Choyamba, ndi kuphweka kwa kugwira. Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa zinthu zapadera ndikuyang'ana munthu wina.

Komabe, mosiyana ndi njira ya ma laboratory, apa experimenter sangathe kuthetsa kwathunthu vutoli. Ndiponso palibe mwayi wobwereza phunziro lina lofanana, lomwe lidzafanana ndi magawo omwewo. Kusanthula pansi pa chilengedwe ndi kovuta, chifukwa sizingatheke kuwonetsa zotsatira zenizeni, koma, motero, zimakhala zosangalatsa.

Zophunzira za Mlandu

Monga njira yachilengedwe, mungagwiritse ntchito mwakhama ntchito iliyonse: shopu, chipatala, wovala tsitsi, ndi zina zotero. Mungathe kudziwa momwe antchito angapo akulimbana ndi maudindo ofananawo, kwa nthawi yayitali yomwe adzathetse ntchito inayake ndi momwe amalankhulirana ndi makasitomala. Chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo, mukhoza kupanga chithunzi cha munthu.

Kupanga kuyesera

Njira yokhayokha ndiyo mtundu wokha wa kuyesa mu kuwerenga maganizo, zotsatira zake zomwe zitha kuwonedweratu pasadakhale. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuitanitsa kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu ndikupatsa ophunzira aliyense ntchitoyo pasadakhale, powalingalira mfundo zonse zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake.

Woyesera amayesera kufotokoza zomwe munthu aliyense adzachite, ndiyeno adziwe ngati kuganiza kwake kuli koyenera. Phunziroli likhoza kuchitidwa pa gulu la zaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Makhalidwe abwino komanso oipa

Zonsezi, zingapo zabwino ndi zolakwika za njira iyi zikhoza kusiyanitsidwa. Kwenikweni, imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti maluso onse omwe amapeza angagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Phunziroli, sikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zinthu zambiri zomwe zikufufuzidwa, anthu awiri kapena atatu okwanira.

Kuyesera kumeneku kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa kungabwerezedwe kambirimbiri, ndipo pansi pa zochitika zofanana zotsatirazo zingakhale zosiyana. Pali vuto limodzi. Sungathenso kutchulidwa mogwira mtima, choncho mmodzi wa ophunzira akhoza kutha.

Zophunzira za Mlandu

Akatswiri a zamaganizo amalimbikitsa kwambiri kuyambitsa kuyesera pakati pa gulu la kindergarten, kumene zaka zomwe zimaphunziridwa zimakhala zaka 3 mpaka 5.5. Kwa iwo, kansalu kakang'ono kamasewera. Anthu otchulidwa kuchokera mmenemo amalankhula mawu osiyana, pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezera voliyumu.

Cholinga cha phunziroli ndi kudziwa momwe mwana aliyense angadziwire bwino mawu ake. Mothandizidwa ndi njirayi, n'zotheka kuzindikira matenda a maganizo pa chiyambi cha chitukuko.

Makhalidwe a kuzindikira za kuyesera

Kuti mudziwe momwe umunthu umakhalira pazochitika zinazake, nkofunikira kuti muyese kuyesera. Mitundu ndi zozizwitsa mu psychology ya maphunziro amenewa zimasiyana mosiyana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Mu labotale, kupanga ndi njira yachibadwa, pali njira zambiri zowunikira umunthu.

• Kafukufuku wowonekera. Kwa iye, munthu woti ayesedwe ndi wodzipatulira kwathunthu kuzinthu zonse. Adzadziwa chimodzimodzi ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo yemwe adzayang'anitsitsa zochitikazo.
• Ndi kufufuza kobisika, mmalo mosiyana, chinthucho sichidziwa kanthu za zomwe ziyenera kuchita.
• Palinso phunziro laling'ono limene zinthu zimalowetsedwera muzinthu zina.

Chowonadi kwambiri ndi kuyesa kobisika, kumene umunthu sungakhoze kuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane zotsatira zake.

Yang'anani ndi kamera ya kunyalanyaza maganizo

Zokondweretsa kwambiri, zokondweretsa ndi zapadziko lonse ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kuyesa mu kuwerenga maganizo. Fotokozani mwachidule aliyense wa iwo ndizosatheka. Mwachitsanzo, pali njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri mu kuwerenga maganizo pogwiritsa ntchito kamera kamodzi kotsalira, zomwe mungathe kuziyankhula mosalekeza.

Kafukufukuyu anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu 1950 ndi John Lilly. Iye adalenga zinthu zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Kwa munthu, pamene kuyesayesa ukuyendetsedwa, chovala chapadera chosasamalika ndi matekesi amatha kuvala, kumene phokoso lopanda kumva silikumveka. Wothandizira ku chipatala chachipatala chifukwa cha kuyesera kwake anazindikira kuti chinthucho chimasintha malingaliro a chirichonse chomwe chikuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, poyesera kuzindikira mtundu wa chinthucho kukhudza, adasokonezeka, osasamala, ndipo adakhalanso ndi nkhawa.

Zonsezi zokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi zikuwoneka zosaganizika, palibe aliyense wa iwo amene angakhale mu selo kwa masiku oposa atatu. Palinso mbali zabwino za kuyesera: munthu amayamba kudzidziŵa yekha bwino, akhoza kumasuka komanso kusintha bwino thanzi lake.

Psychology tsopano ndi yofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu aliyense. Chifukwa cha sayansi yapaderayi, munthu akhoza kumvetsetsa yekha, zomwe amafunikira pamoyo, momwe angagwirire ntchito pazinthu zina, kukhazikitsa chiyanjano ndi mnzake, kuthetsa mkangano, ndi kuthetsa mavuto ambiri ofunika. Zomwe zikuchitika m'derali zidzapindula.