Mmene mungakulitsire zokolola za mbatata

Chokolola chochuluka cha mbatata ndi cholinga cha mlimi aliyense komanso mlimi wamba. Ndi njira ziti zomwe zingakwaniritsidwe, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Kubzala mbatata ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunika kwambiri la munda wamunda wapachaka, ndipo makamaka mizu imeneyi m'dziko lathu ndi yotchuka komanso yotchuka. Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi kukoma kwake ndi zakudya, mbatata imatsogolera mbewu zina.

Zokolola za mbatata zimadalira zifukwa zambiri. Choyamba, izo, ndithudi, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kalasi ndi ubwino wa zinthu zomwe mwakonzekera kubzala. Nthawi ndi kukula kwa nthaka (nthaka, nyengo ndi nyengo), komanso feteleza, chisamaliro ndi chikhalidwe-otsogolera pa bedi losankhidwa ndi ofunikira kwambiri.

Ndibwino kwambiri kuti mbatata ikhale yoyenera mchenga, mchenga ndi nthaka zina, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi chokhazikika. Komabe, zokolola kwambiri zimapezeka ngati mbatata anabzala pa chernozem kapena mwapadera okonzeka kulima peat nkhumba. Solonchak ndi dongo la dothi la chikhalidwe ndibwino kusasankha.

Gawo lotsatira ndi kusankha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobzala. Ndithudi kunena, zomwe zokolola za mbatata zidzakhala bwino, ndipo zomwe - zovuta, n'zosatheka. Koma apa pali maonekedwe. Choncho, ngati wina akukula mofanana pa malo omwewo kwa zaka zambiri mzere, zidzasintha, motero, zokolola zonse za mbatata chaka ndi chaka zidzachepa. Pofuna kupewa izi, tikulimbikitsanso kusinthanitsa ndi zinthu zomwe timabzala zaka 2-3, pamene timakonda zokolola zabwino za obereketsa bwino (makamaka mitundu ya Dutch).

Otsogoleredwa bwino a mbatata ndi tirigu, nyemba , udzu wambiri, ndi zotsalira. Koma nightshade ndi bwino kuti musabzalidwe panthaka yomwe mu chaka chotsatira mukukonzekera kuti muzitsako mizu yanu yomwe mumakonda.

Zokolola za mbatata zimadalira nthawi yosabzala. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali, zimatha kuzindikira kuti muzu wa mbeu umasintha bwino chifukwa cha kubzala koyambirira - kumtunda kwa nthaka sikutentha kwenikweni pakali pano. Chokhazikika kudziwa tsiku lodzala ndi kotheka pakuyang'ana birch ikukula pafupi ndi munda wanu. Pamene mtengo wokhala ndi ndalama ya peni 5 umapezeka pamtengo, pitirizani.

Kuti zokolola za mbatata zikhale zapamwamba, musanabzala, muyenera kusamala bwino tubers, pamene mukukana zowonongeka, zowonongeka, komanso zowonongeka, zooneka ngati peyala. The mulingo wokwanira wa mbatata imodzi pa chomera ndi 50-80 g.

Chofunika kwambiri pa zokolola zazikulu zimasewera ndi njira yobzala, yomwe, malinga ndi mtundu wa nthaka ndi nyengo, ikhoza kukhala yosalala kapena yosakanikirana. Njira yoyamba imatsimikizira kuti madzi amatha kutuluka m'nthaka, koma kachiwiri dziko lapansi limapuma bwino komanso limapuma mpweya wabwino.

Zopindulitsa pa zokolola komanso panthaŵi yake ya nthaka feteleza organic (kompositi, zitosi za mbalame, manyowa) kapena feteleza.

Musaiwale za kupalira kwabwino kwa nthawi yochepa, kuthirira masiku ouma, kukwera mabedi a mbatata, komanso kugwiritsira ntchito zowononga tizilombo.

Amaluwa ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa chofuna kubzala mbatata. Inde, kuya kwa kubzala tubers kwa zokolola kumakhudzanso. Chilichonse chimadalira nthaka. Kotero, kuya kwa kubzala mu loam ayenera kukhala 4-6 masentimita, ndi m'mapapu a nthaka - 14-16 masentimita. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kusunga mfundoyi. Zing'onozing'ono za tuber, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zimakhala zozama kwambiri.

Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, mbatata, yowonongedwa kale musanadzalemo, imakula mofulumira komanso bwino. Vernalization (kumera) kwa tubers kumachitika poyera (pawindo pa tebulo, pawindo, kutsogolo pawindo) kutentha kwa firiji 12-15 digiri Celsius.