Contemporary kayendedwe luso: kufotokoza, zimaonetsa nthumwi. Kayendedwe luso theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri

Kayendedwe luso - luso malangizo amene choyamba anaonekera mu mzaka zana makumi awiri, pamene ndiAmene a m'madera osiyanasiyana kuyang'ana ndekha zinthu zatsopano, ndipo pamapeto pake anapezeka. Iwo unaonekera mu chosema pulasitiki ndi zomangamanga. Nkhaniyi adzayang'ana pa zimene luso kayendedwe kwa zaka za m'ma 20, kuti wapeza ntchito yake ina, chiyambi chake, chitukuko, ndi zina zambiri.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Phokoso la mawu, ndi chofunika - nchifukwa chake tanthauzo latsopano, sankadziwika akuti angapezeke osati podsmotrev izo m'madikishonale komanso tikupeza anayambira. Pankhaniyi, mawu akuti "kayendedwe luso" likugwirizana ndi mawu Greek "kinetikos" - ". Yemwe amayendetsa gululo" Pomwepo kukumbutsidwa ya nthambi ya sayansi "kinematics" imene, monga ife tikudziwira, akuphunzira Baibulo ndondomekoyi.

N'chifukwa chake kayendedwe luso - zikuchokera zikusuntha, atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, sculptural ndi / kapena ya zomangamanga. Zimatanthauza luso avant-garde. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa kayendedwe luso, anamva m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri.

Zikamera wa njira ina yatsopano

Mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo, Vladimir Evgrafovich Tatlin, mpainiya wa luso kayendedwe, akumanga chitsanzo nsanja ya la International Chachitatu.

Mu 1931, pa nthawi imeneyo pang'ono odziwika dzina lake Aleksandr Kolder analenga mwaluso wake woyamba wa ziwembu wotchuka waya, lotengeka ndi injini pamene zotheka thandizo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyimbo wake wamkulu, anapanga mndandanda wa ntchito za luso pansi pa dzina "Mobiles".

Monga Mlengi wa m'banja komanso inde ku dziko lina anali cholinga chimodzi: kupuma moyo watsopano chosema, kukana chikhalidwe chake akewo kugonjetsa mwa mwambo ndi kuwalola bwino kucheza ndi chilengedwe. gululi anali kukhala ulalo pakati mwaluso ndi dziko.

Aphunzitseni miyambo latsopano

Mu zaka zao za sikisite wa mzaka zana makumi awiri French zojambulajambula ndi luso theorist Nikolya Shoffer, komanso Argentine wojambula Julio Le Parc zilandiridwenso definitively anakhazikitsa malamulo atsopano ndi kuyankha mafunso okhudza zimene kayendedwe luso.

Iwo onse ankatanthauza mu nyimbo mzimu wake anapambana pa nthawi ya luso la zopangapanga ndi ntchito yabwino imeneyi, kuwala ndi lamayimbidwe amadza. Ndipotu, anasonyeza chakuti ntchito zawo zasintha m'magawo angapo: mawotchi (loukitsa, mawonekedwe), zithunzi (mtundu, kuwala ndi mthunzi) Phokoso (sitiriyo kapena rekodi).

Bright njira yosiyanasiyana ndendende akewo wofanana ndi limatchula nthawi wakhala kutchulidwa ndi kuzindikira. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa za sayansi ndi luso zisinthe, mphamvu zake, ndi mphamvu - mawu a luso kayendedwe mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 20.

inafikira

Mu zaka zao za sikisite, ndi kufala kwa luso kayendedwe anafika pachimake. Mozungulira nthawi ino, monga anaonekera amatanthauza azimuth ichi, chimene ntchito lero. Nthawi yomweyo anagwira maganizo a anthu, ku Ulaya America. Kayendedwe US ndi luso European ophatikizidwa mu umodzi - ndiAmene anayesa zolinga zofanana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ali m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Naum Gabo: Russian-American avant-garde

Russian ndi American wojambula Naum Gabo anabweretsa chilinganizo yake moyo ndi luso, akudzizindikiritsa iwo wina ndi mzake. zigawo zawo, komanso maziko, chifukwa chimene iwo ayenera kumangidwa, anaitana nthawi ndi malo.

Gabo alibe mtima wofuna zovuta kumvetsa; ake chitsanzo mwaluso zikuchokera kulengedwa kuchokera akalumikidzidwa yosavuta zojambula. "Mitundu pafupifupi" wake kwambiri mukopedwe chi kayendedwe luso. Angamvetse izi ndani kuti fluctuation mbale zitsulo akhoza kunyamula tanthauzo kwambiri ndi kusonyeza mphamvu nyengo!

Kulenganso nkhaniyo

Ambuye zaka mazana makumi awiri, inakwaniritsidwa Motors magetsi kuti kutsitsimutsa nkhani mazira. Koma anali njira yokha ayi. Komanso chifukwa ulimi sayansi ndi luso n'chakuti chilengedwe osati chinthu kuphunzira, komanso njira kukwaniritsa zolinga, zotsatira sikuti molambalala luso. Geniuses wa dziko ayesa mitsinje ya madzi, mphepo, mphamvu ya dziko lapansi.

Choncho chodabwitsa onsewo mbale wa Marcel Duchamp analandiridwa - zikuchokera kuti n'zosangalatsa, ndi Zhan Tengli kulengedwanso chilengedwe cha malingaliro anu kwenikweni - zimagwirira osati kudzikonda injini, komanso sachedwa okha, linasindikizidwa ndi phokoso lomwelo - nyimbo pachiyambi. Mlembi wa kasupe wotchuka Stravinsky anasonkhana iwo ku zidutswa mafakitale mitundu yonse ya yofanana. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti china chidwi kwambiri kayendedwe Art - zosiyanasiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachilendo kulenga zotsatira wapadera.

Kufunafuna saatha

Kayendedwe luso - ndi gawo latsopano, koma palibe njira imene Buku kapena kopita mfundo. Bright kuwala anapanga lingaliro la kusewera ndi mitundu yatsopano, mantha anamanganso. Oimira luso kayendedwe akhala gawo la mbiri yake - kuchokera Rodchenko kuti Euchre. Zakusaka mu munda zinachititsa chakuti kinematizm anapeza ntchito osati chosema ndi zomangamanga. Kayendedwe luso kupenta ena amati kuwala ndi yosintha mu "uthenga ulalikidwa-luso".

Zooneka Musanyengedwe uthenga ulalikidwa luso

Kayendedwe ndi chithunzi akuwonetseredwa khalidwe la mawonekedwe luso - mwangwiro zowoneka, pa mlingo chikumbumtima. Pambuyo uthenga ulalikidwa-luso zochokera Musanyengedwe zithunzi - pamene anthu kuganiza kuti malo nkhani yasinthika. Komabe, pano kachiwiri kukwaniritsa zotsatira ankafunila, ndiAmene amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi - kusewera zinthu psycho-thupi kuti chifukwa wowerenga kuwona ndendende zomwe iwo mpaka. Ndipo zotsatira zake zimaoneka kwambiri, m'pamenenso zodabwitsa leni malo amodzi mankhwala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu pakati pa uthenga ulalikidwa luso ku miyambo kayendedwe luso.

limatchula zokongoletsa

Osema Kineticist nakhalanso kanthu, ojambula zithunzi - danga. Kukulitsa ndi mwa penti zosiyanasiyana mitundu, kupita ku mtundu wina wa dziko si obisika pa lona, koma penapake mkati. Ziri ngati dzenje, imene kamodzi Alice wagwa, kuyesera ndi kalulu. maganizo mofananira kuti njira mugone tulo, ndipo inu adatengedwa mu maloto kwambiri chinsinsi. Ndicho chimene anakumana chaka sikisite-wachisanu wa atumwi wotsiriza, alendo chionetsero "The Kuthandiza Diso" ndi Egemen, DeMarco neri Al., Kodi anatsegula tsamba latsopano mu mbiri ya kupenta.

Ntchito yoyamba ananyongedwa utoto - mfiti ankangofuna dzanja lawo pa njira yatsopano ya luso. Ndipotu, pamapeto, kinematizmu Mphamvu pachilichonse - iye udzaononga malire. Iwo ooneka, komanso mantha, nayenso, nchifukwa chake ojambula zithunzi anaponda mosamala kuphunzira njira zatsopano, kuyika kwambiri. Tsopano uthenga ulalikidwa-luso, mbali inayi, amakhala ndi ambiri omveka, kusiyanitsa mithunzi, kuphatikiza zovuta kukwaniritsa zotsatira ankafuna.

Zochitika za mphamvu mu folklore

Folk luso, anthu ambiri intuitively kutsutsa ano. Munjira ina, kumene iwo ali, chifukwa folklore - ndi kusunga chikumbukiro cha chikhalidwe mtunduwo ndi luso chi - chilengedwe cha chikhalidwe pompano. Koma kulankhula za kinetism, tikhoza kunena kuti zinthu ulusi mphamvu ukufika kwa nthawi yaitali, kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale mpira ndipo lidawoneka ndi untangled yekha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Zinthu zidole kuti kuyendayenda ndi kupangidwa ndi m'misili ku dera Arkhangelsk - izo ndi zoyambira Kineticism. Iye ali mu chikhalidwe Russian unaonekera mu zonse. Kangapo m'nkhani ino anatchula mfundo ziwiri kwambiri - America ndi Soviet Union, komwe kunali ambiri mbadwa mwapang'ono.

Chitukuko cha luso kayendedwe mu USSR

A mphunzitsi weniweni ndi mbuye wa luso lake anali gulu la "kayendedwe" - kuti ophunzira kumayambiriro kwa mtsogoleri wawo, Leo Nusberga, analimbikitsa (chonde kukhululukira tautology) kayendedwe luso misa Soviet.

"Movement" ankazunzidwa chifukwa zatsopano pa gulu sunadze mudziwe zambiri monga mmene angafunire. Koma, koma, dzina lawo anakhalabe pa mbiri masamba Kineticism, ndipo kumbukirani iwo mu malo oyamba, kuyankhula za izo, momwe akuwonekera mu USSR.

Mu zaka zao za sikisite za m'ma "Movement" bungwe ndipo anatenga gawo mu nambala yaikulu mobisa ndi zisudzo boma. The anyamata sanali mantha kukwata pa ntchito zikuluzikulu - ndi anabadwa futuristic "Makropolis" tsogolo mzinda lingaliro.

Ngakhale kuti "gulu" akuwonekeratu wathyola malire, analandira ndi malamulo boma, monga chilolezo cha Leningrad kuti tsiku la October kuukira boma. chionetsero Gulu anapanga nyimbo, zisudzo ed, masewera aja ndi kinematic stsenogrammy.

Mwatsoka, chifukwa china chimene "kayendedwe" ndi pang'ono amadziwika kuti gulu matenda amayambira, ndipo kenako wosiyana gulu lake latsopano, koma kuyandikira kwa Mipingo mumaganiza anayamba kuchepa kutchuka.

Contemporary kayendedwe luso

kayendedwe luso ntchito amakhala apamwamba aesthetics, chifukwa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera ndi kuti alembetse malo ozungulira. Zochitika za mayendedwe kusuntha akhoza kukhala zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zonse, ndipo womuyenerera ake. iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti luso ndi zochitika anthu (mwachitsanzo, fairs), mu kamangidwe ka m'mapaki, m'sitolo, mabwalo ndi zina zotero.

Mu kinetism ngati kuti kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi uthenga ulalikidwa-luso - Musanyengedwe zithunzi posachedwapa itakula kusintha zounikira ndi sitiriyo phokoso zotsatira.

Kuti ndi luso kayendedwe a nthawi ino tikhoza kunena kuti kawirikawiri ntchito zolinga bongo. Kuyambira nthawi ya patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso, amene anafuna kusonyeza wanena kale, ndipo talowa zaka luso zambiri, Intaneti ndi Internet, tiyenera malangizo lina limene kufotokozera mbadwo panopa kuganiza mfundo. Komabe Kineticism ntchito za ambuye kwambiri ankadziwika ndi osiyanasiyana yopapatiza, ndipo ali otchuka mu onse. Aliyense akhoza kuphunzira zambiri za Mobile, ndi zomangamanga kaso SOTO, ndi umunthu wa njira wowayendetsa-ang'ono - zinthu zonsezi sanalengedwe chabe kukopa tcheru, koma panali galasi mbadwo.