M'nthawi ya Peter 1. Chiyambi Ziwerengero

M'nthawi ya Peter 1 unathandiza kwambiri pa zochitika zawo kusintha. Malinga ndi oyenera tanthauzo AS Pushkin, onse anali "chisa Petulo". Odziwika chakuti bwino mfundo wolamulira nthaŵi zambiri kumadalira malo, kumene iye akufuna. Pankhani imeneyi ya ulamuliro Peter ndinali umodzi wa mbiri kwambiri kuberekana ndi chidwi.

General maonekedwe a chi

M'nthawi ya Peter 1 ukadakhala wa anamuperekeza wake. Onse a iwo ali mu njira ina chikugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha ufumu wake. Ambiri a iwo anayamba ntchito yawo pa nthawi imene iye anali ndithu wamng'ono anachita chidwi polenga regiments zoseketsa. Kenako, anatenga lamulo kutsogolera ndi maudindo oyang'anira mu asilikali ndi makonzedwe. Mmodzi wa iwo anali AD Menshikov. Features wa nthawi funso anali monga mtima kazembe kawirikawiri anatsimikiza ndi zokwera ndi zotsika kwa okondedwa ndi confidants. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 17 anali koma anatengedwa mawonekedwe dongosolo akulembedwa chikhalidwe, omwe anakhala ntchito mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18, pamene dziko potsiriza inkayenda bureaucracy. Mu ulamuliro wa Peter Ine malo payekha ndi mwayekha chisomo anatsimikiza ntchito ya idzatha.

Alexander Danilovich

A chitsanzo chapadera cha izi Menchikoff. Malinga ndi Baibulo ambiri, zinachitika amalonda banja. Ngakhale chiyambi, iye anali wochenjera kwambiri, rastoropen, adzalandira mphamvu zapadera. Monga Peter woyamikiridwa ndi anthu a gentility awo ndi chiyambi ndi luso lawo, nthawi yomweyo anabweretsa mphatso mnyamata yekha. Iye anali osaphunzira, koma koposa zonse anatha kusangalatsa mfumu. Iye nthawi zonse athane ndi malangizo amene akhoza kukwanitsa mpumulo. Monga m'nthawi ya Peter 1 anathandiza kwambiri polimbitsa mphamvu, ndi Menshikov anali nazonso. Anadziwika mu nkhondo kumpoto monga mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo, kodi pambuyo kwambiri.

Lefort

Atazunguliridwa ndi mfumu zambiri anali alendo. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri F. Lefort. Iye anali Swiss ndi kubadwa, koma izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala ndi wothandizira okhulupirika kwa mfumu. Iwo anali okonza za otchedwa amachitira regiments wa mfumu anatenga gawo mu yokopa Azov. M'nthawi ya Peter 1 si bwino anzanga, koma Mfumu m'tsogolo kwambiri ankamuona mnzake wapamtima. Lefort anali munthu wophunzira, ndipo kumene, wakhala pa wolamulira wachinyamata wa kukopa kwakukulu malingaliro anu, maphunziro ndi nzeru. Ndicho chifukwa iye anatsogolera Great ofesi ya kazembe wa ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 17, chimene ine mfumu yafuna gawo pansi pa dzina la wapolisi Petra Mihaylova.

Gordon

Mlendo wina atazunguliridwa Poroshenko anali P. Gordon. Iye anali asilikali kulinganiza kwambiri. Iye, komanso Menshikov ndi Lefort, ndiye ndi gulu la wotchuka amachitira regiments. Iye anali nkhondo pulani agwira, kuwonjezera, iye anali ndi yaikulu kwambiri ongolankhula chidziwitso. Pa nthawi ya zipolowe zoopsa ndi mlongo wa mfumu Sophia, anasamukira ku mbali ya woyamba. N'chifukwa chake mfumu tsogolo iye makamaka wodalirika. Gordon nawo zinthu zina zofunika za ulamuliro wake. Kotero, iye ndiye mulembe strelets kupanduka mu 1698.

Romodanovsky

Anzake Peter 1 anali malo ofunika pa kayendetsedwe ka dziko ndi kusintha kwake. Amadziwika kuti Mfumu anali ndi chidwi chakuti anthu ena akhala okhulupirika ndi kudziwa ntchito yawo. Ndi anthu amenewa a Fedor Romodanovsky. Iye anabwera kuchokera m'banja lapamwamba boyar ndi mwana pafupi yachifumu. Ndili wamng'ono kwambiri, iye anaikidwa stolnik chifukwa bambo wake anali pafupi Alexei Mikhailovich. Romodanovsky kenako anakhala mmodzi wa okhulupirika kwambiri kwa Petro 1 anthu. Zimasonyeza chakuti Ambuye tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo maganizo awo anali munthu dongosolo lakale limene anamenyera kuthetsa mfumu yatsopano. Iye anali kwathunthu kwa atumwi m'mbuyomu, koma, ngakhalebe, anathandiza kusintha kwa mfumu wamng'ono ndipo anakhala mtsogoleri zakukhosi.

Pa pakalibe Peter A. Ine anamulangiza kuti ayang'anire boma, lomwe limasonyeza kukhulupirira wapadera wa mfumu imeneyi Boyar nkhanza. Romodanovsky anali wapadera kupita kwa mfumu pa nthawi iliyonse popanda lipoti chimene chimakamba za malo ofunika iye anali mu kasamalidwe. Iye anakhala nawo yimitsira wa musketeers chipolowe mu 1698. Iye anali de A facto mutu wa Moscow, ndipo pambuyo mmodzi wa moto ankachita nawo kuchira. Boyar chikoka kunali kwakukulu moti palibe amene amadzinenera kulowa bwalo lake, ndipo ngakhale mfumu kumanzere carriole lake kunja, kukaona mnzake.

Shein

Peter ndi Catherine 1 2 amatha zodabwitsa kupeza malo awo okhulupirika komanso waluso kwambiri, aluso ndi anthu amphatso. Izi Mbali wamba ulamuliro wawo unali motero kuti ngakhale mu mabuku pali mayina apadera malo awo: mawu pamwambapa ndi Pushkin, ndi poyerekezera ndi chilengedwe cha Mfumukazi anayamba kulankhula za olemekezeka a nthawi Catherine. Wina wodziwika apamwamba mu nthawi Peter ndinali Shein. Iye anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa asilikali ndi luso zamtendere. Iye anakhala nawo mautumiki zamtendere ndi asilikali. Apitirizebe Iye anatenga gawo mu kampeni Prut. Pa nkhondo Northern, iye anatenga mbali yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri nkhondo, umene anapatsidwa udindo wa generalissimo.

Osterman

Iye anali munthu wotchuka wa ulamuliro Petro. Iye anali waluso kwambiri ndi waluso nthumwi, wandale. Osterman anali kuchita ntchito malamulo. 1 Petro anafuna kuti akonzekeretse ndi mayendetsedwe a chitsanzo West European. Iye ankadziwa dongosolo Loona za makonzedwe ndipo ndinayesetsa kutsatira mfundo zake zenizeni Russian. Komabe, pachimake maluwa Osterman ntchito nkhani mu ulamuliro wa Anna Ivanovna.

Kurakin

Izi wodziwika kwa nthawi Petulo anakumbukira chifukwa chakuti iye anachoka Maulendo chidwi kwambiri a nthawi imeneyo. Timaganizira ndi chidwi munthu, anapitiriza pepala zonse kukumbutsidwa ndi zidindo za nyengo ya Mfumu ntchito Wasintho limene anakhala ndi moyo. Mu ntchito zake, kuphatikiza autobiography wake, palinso kuzipenya pa maiko anapita, komanso zina zachidule pafupifupi wolamulira.

Tatishchev

Njirayi imatchedwa kuti "tate wa mbiri Russian." Iye zapamwamba tate wa sayansi ya mbiri. Koma iye adayamba monga woyang'anira luso, ndi ulamuliro wa Peter 1. Iye akupatsa zosiyanasiyana udindo ndi kuchita zosiyanasiyana ntchito ndi ntchito. Iye anali woyang'anira mafakitale, kutsogozedwa ndi mafakitale, ndalama ndi kuphunzira zomangamanga. Komanso anapatsidwa kujambula mapu a Russia, chimenenso, chimamulimbikitsa kuti mbiri pa mlingo katswiri. tanthauzo lake lagona komanso chakuti iye anali ideologist ya kusintha Petro: chotsatira rationalism, iye mwansangala anavomereza kuti kutembenuka kwa mfumu. Komabe, iye ankaona kuti yotsirizira amasamalirira osakwanira kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi malonda.

ntchito mbali Common

anthu onsewa ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - ndi chakuti iwo anali kwathunthu ntchito kudzipereka kusintha kwa Peter 1, lomwe pa bwinobwino Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo anatenga mutu wa Mfumu ndi Autocrat wa onse Russias. Aliyense wa iwo unaonekera mwa njira zambiri. Iwo anali anthu odetsedwa osiyana siyana ndi chiyambi Komabe, wolamulira pa nkhani ofanana. Aliyense wa iwo anayamikira luso ndi maluso awo kupeza ntchito zawo akufuna. Izo zinali bwino ntchito yake yaikulu: Mfundo yakuti Tsar Pakumalizira Russia mu nthawi yoyenera ndiponso malo abwino okha othandizira.