Moto kupuma ndi kuphulika oopsa Kilauea

Phiri achangu si kuti Hawaii, komanso dziko lonse lapansi, anakalipa kwa zaka zoposa 30, ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo iye anali kuwononga m'mudzi kukhala malo oopsa kwa anthu.

Ali phiri Kilauea?

Iye chimodzi cha wamng'ono, chifukwa iye sanali zaka zoposa 600 zikwi, ndipo ndi kuphulika ku Hawaii National Park, ndi lotseguka kwa alendo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma lomaliza. zakale zomwe mu Chigwa moto amakhala wopulupudza m'dera wamkazi Pele. Ndi aliyense kuphulika kwa chiphalaphala m'malovu amaundana, ngati misozi yache, mitsinje ya otentha miyala, kuyesetsa kwa Pacific Ocean, kupanga tsitsi lake.

Kufotokozera kuphulika

Yogwira Kilauea unachokera mu nthawi ya tectonic cholakwika mwa Hawaii. kuphulika wake woyamba anali pa zilumba madzi, ndipo kenako analola kuti ndondomeko yapadera dziko olimba pakati pa nyanja, ndi phiri la moto kale anyenga pa achisanu basalt chiphalaphala zaka zakubadwa. Kusokonezedwa maganizo alendo kuonerera pamwamba wapadera chodabwitsa mwachibadwa, zikuoneka Kilauea kuphulika ndi phirilo pang'ono otukukira kunja wopangidwa mwa mitundu zobwera Unalimbitsa chiphalaphala. Pa nthawi ina, 200 mita recess, wotchedwa caldera, akukhavukira ongokhala kuonekeratu chiphalaphala incandescent nyanja, 4-kilometre awiri amene ali achipambano.

Koma chinthu chimodzi icho chiri, kutuluka ndi otentha misa zowoneka zachilengedwe pang'ono. N'zosadabwitsa chimphona mphamvu kukanikiza mkati kumene Kilauea ndi jenereta m'dera woopsawo makumi angapo anakalipa zimaphala. Otumphukira moto chiphalaphala, congealing ndi stratifying njira zosiyanasiyana zosamvetsetseka. Maganizo kwambiri zidzasintha kuoneka pamwamba pa nyanja, kumene mkokomo mitsinje kuwira: Moto zilumba zazing'ono, kufika madzi kwa kanthawi ngakhale tiwolokere padziko. The choonetsedwa ndi kukwapula Motani Zimene Zimakhala Zofunikadi.

imfa kuopseza

Ili pafupi ndi nyanja kuonekeratu kuti ndi choopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina amaundana kenako akudzuka Kilauea kuphulika amatulutsa kuchuluka yaikulu chiphalaphala. Motero kuyenda iliyonse pafupi chimphona moto kupuma ndi malo ozungulira wa kulankhula sukupita. Kudzera awatulutsira ndi scalding za pa dziko, nthunzi akutuluka, ndipo mu malo awa, nthaka lotayirira ndi choopsa kwambiri. Ndipo otsetsereka a phiri zophimbidwa ndi ming'alu yaikulu kudzera amene anapulumuka chiphalaphala madzi.

Mphamvu yopambana ya zotupa za adzapukuta misozi ndi kuthetsa chaching'ono, chimene chinachitika zaka pafupifupi 30 zapitazo pa zilumba za ku Hawaii. Ndiye anapha mudzi wonse, koma anthu zakwawoko kuti ndinazolowera malo enaake oopsa. Iwo anayamba kumamanga nyumba pa milu kwambiri, amene amalola kuti tipeze nthawi ndi kunyamula kunyumba pa malo abwino.

woopsawo kuphulika

Mu 2014 panali wina kuphulika wa Kilauea, amene anali anaonerera padziko lonse. Yamoto chiphalaphala, kusamukira ku mudzi zogona, kutentha zonse mu njira yake. Ambiri mndandanda wa zivomezi chilumbachi anakakamizika kupeza kopanda kuti kuphulika kwa ndondomeko adzakhala yaitali.

Usilikali US ali anasamutsidwa m'deralo, koma osati onse m'nyumba zawo, ambiri anakhalabe poopa looting. Amadziwika kuti otentha chiphalaphala m'manda manda wakale ndi nyumba, ndi minda unatenthedwa moto lolemera. Mu 2015, Kilauea kuphulika anasonyeza ntchito yake yoopsa pambuyo chivomezi wina waung'ono pafupi ndi phiri wamphamvu. Ndinawaona kwambiri, asayansi kuona kuti sangachite kuwononga kwambiri, koma otchedwa akuluakulu Hawaii kusunga zinthu lolamulidwa, monga mtsinje umayenda moto wakuti ku nkhalango zotentha.

malo osungirako

Park mapiri ku chilumbachi, lomwe linaletsa ntchito iliyonse zachuma, linakhazikitsidwa osati kuonjezera otaya la alendo akuganizira chilengedwe wosangalatsa. Asayansi, malo amenewa anali wapadera: zako zonse zachilengedwe, ofufuza ntchito pa siteshoni wapadera ndi Observatory. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba mabungwe sayansi, kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha mchitidwe kuyendera zilumba ndi phiri Kilauea.

Alendo akuluakulu bungwe maulendo otetezeka paki, ndi apaulendo wodzidalira, kupatuka pa iwo, nthawizonse kukhala litakwiliridwa pansi pa otaya otentha chiphalaphala. Komabe, anthu amene amakonda masewera kwambiri, adzasangalala ndi izi mantha ndi pa nthawi yomweyo zodabwitsa pamaso wokongola.