Mtsinje Uda: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Uda mtsinje umene madzi ake akuyenda pa dera la Buryatia, ndi wina wa makhwawa waukulu wa Selenga. Utali - 467 Km, m'dera la beseni ndi 34 800 sq. Km.

dzina

Chiyambi cha dzina bwinobwino, pali Mabaibulo angapo: kuchokera Mongolian mawu wakale kutanthauza msondodzi, wophuka m'mphepete mwa kuchuluka; Kuchokera m'fuko uduitov, awonongedwe ndi asilikaliwa; kuchokera Mongolian "ude" - "Msana", chifukwa, malinga ndi nthano, apakavalo Mongol woyamba adadza kwa mtsinje akamuuze pa nthawi iyi ya tsiku; kapena Selkup mawu "UT" - "madzi".

Makhwawa a Uda Mtsinje

Uda zimachokera ku nkhalango coniferous kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Vitim yachonde, pamalo okwera mamita 1055. Main makhwawa Muhey (93 km), Pogromka (44 km), Egita (55 km), Ndi (173 km), Kudun (252 km), Kurba (227 km), Bryanka (128 km). Mtsinje ukuyenda mwa malangizo southwesterly. Chigawo kuchokera ku gwero kwa confluence polemba, pakapepala njira chimafikira chigawo mapiri chimathandiza Vitimsky yachonde, ndiye umakhala makolokoto zimachititsa chilumbachi, ndi otaya amapita pakati zitunda otsika (mamita 1200-1800), ambiri omwe zochokera ku mbali kumpoto kum'mawa.

mbali ya mtsinje

Mtsinje Uda ndi Selenga (kapena kani, dziwe awo) kuwonjezera m'njira latitudinal ndi uniformly anayamba mbali zonse. Ndi chikhalidwe cha dongosolo la chigwa mtsinje, mtsinje ndi mosungiramo zinthu kumene lagawidwa mbali ziwiri: kwa confluence a polemba, pakapepala ndi confluence yake pakamwa.

M'gawo loyamba (261 km) mtsinje ukuyenda mwa munthu akakhala, amenewa, komanso mtendere mu malo - dera lowe. Mtsinje Valley kwambiri, pang'ono curving, ukuwonjezeka m'lifupi pansi mu chapamwamba theka kilometre, mpaka 5-10 kuchokera pa gawo mapeto. Otsetsereka ndi phompho, ndi kutalika mamita 50 300 lopangidwa ndi lubwe ndi miyala ina crystalline. Uda mtsinje ukuyenda ndi iwo. Kudera limeneli kuligaŵa makhwawa mitsinje, zigwembe youma, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango ndi zitsamba. M'lifupi njira zimasiyanasiyana mamita 10 kuti 40-60, ndi mabanki phompho ndi phompho, pafupifupi mtunda wa mamita 1-2, pamodzi kutalika lonse inamera tchire ndi mitengo (paini, larch, birch, popula, msondodzi).

Mu gawo lachiwiri (206 km) mtsinje chigwa floodplain komanso chozama. Floodplain kwakukulukulu kumanzere banki, m'lifupi makilomita awiri atatu, m'dera la Ulan-Ude, mamita 20-50 chabe. Ndi nsomba yabwino kwambiri pa mtsinje Uda. Padziko floodplain kwambiri indented mwa njira zambiri, oxbow nyanja ndi zigwembe. M'lifupi pansi pa chigwa ku 10-15 ndi 19 Km, otsetsereka zake phompho, pansi pa yamakhonde ndi, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango wandiweyani coniferous. Mu malire kunsi kwa malo otsetsereka kugwa, kusiya ledges phompho mu mtsinje floodplain. Uda Mtsinje ndi sinuous ndi mwamphamvu nthambi njira, kupatulapo makilomita asanu ndi awiri otsiriza. M'lifupi watercourse, pa avareji, kuyambira 70 mpaka 100 m, wamkulu -. Rolls 260 mamita anakonza pa mtunda wa mamita zana ndi kilometre za wina, kuya ku malo awa si kuposa 0,7 m, pa malire - mita theka. Zolemba mozama -. 3.2 mamita Mtsinje azidyetsa makamaka Madzi a mvula, koma zaka zina kuda buku ukufika 30%. Kusefukira kuyambira mu zoyambirira za April, kufika pachimake kumapeto kwa mwezi, ndi chiyambi cha otaya ayezi. Madzi kugwa ndi mapeto a June.

Khalidwe la mtsinje

M'chilimwe ndi yophukira pa mtsinje akudutsa pansi madzi osefukira mvula zisanu, mpaka ku masiku 20 mpaka 30. Mwapamwamba nyamuka madzi anati mu August ndi September. Pa zaka zitatu ndi zisanu, mvula chifukwa madzi osefukira. Yozizira chikuchitika mu mochedwa October kapena oyambirira November, ayezi akugwirizira masiku 155-180, ndi malire chapamwamba cha Uda kwathunthu amaundana. mtsinje ntchito madzi a m'mudzi Oninoborskogo kuti confluence ake ndi Selenga anapanga nkhalango zambiri aloyi. Uda mitanda dziko angapo opatulika. Pamodzi malire m'munsi midzi ingapo onse mabanki a estuary ndi likulu la Buryatia - Ulan-Ude. Uda Mtsinje wolemera mitundu ya nsomba: Grayling, Tugun, mumapezeka nsomba, Pike, Cisco, burbot, chifukwa amene mabanki zambiri kuonedwa nsomba. Mu nkhalango m'deralo Khorinsky makamaka bwino ankasakidwa mbawala, Siberia roe nswala, agwape wofiira, Boar zakutchire, amphaka, chimbalangondo.

m'dera

Pa magombe a mtsinje pali midzi. madzi mtsinje chigwa imatengedwa kwambiri otukuka mu Buryatia. Ulan-Ude ili pafupi mkamwa ndipo akutambasula 20 Km kwa confluence ndi watercourse chachikulu - Selenga.

Komanso misewu yambiri unali mtsinje. Mmodzi wa iwo, chimene chiri P436 index chopita ku likulu la Buryatia kuti Chita. M'litali - 200 Km. The chachiwiri, kutalika 30 okha Km, kuyambira ku Ulan-Ude kuti Khorinsky. njira, imene chimagwirizanitsa misewu iwiri, chimalumikiza kusiyana kwa Bryanka (Uda chigwa) pakamwa pa nyumba.