Mu mayiko saloledwa kumaliza? Mitundu ya kumaliza ndi maganizo

Mu Greek kumaliza - "imfa chabwino" ndipo nthawi zonse n'zotheka munthu akudwala kufa mwa izo zokha, popanda ululu ndi mazunzo, anathandiza kapena kutsutsana chipembedzo ndi chikunja, ndipo dera zachipatala. Lero, ife tidziwa mayiko analola kumaliza. Iwo, poyamba, anayamba kupanga ngakhale wapadera wa zokopa alendo mankhwala - kudzipha zokopa alendo, ndiko kuti, n'zotheka ulendo zothawa moyo popanda kuchedwa malamulo.

nkhani

Ndipotu, kupha anthu odwala ndi ana ngakhale kuchita nthawi zonse. Mawu akuti ali mizu Greek, monga izo zinali Agiriki anatenga choyamba kwa kumachita comrades ovulala pa nkhondo, Choncho iwo anavutika kuvulala osachiritsika. Tonse kumbukirani, ndi Sparta wakale, amene anaponyedwa kuchokera phompho odwala kapena wolumala ana osati kuthetsa nkhawa iwo okha, koma kuti kuthetsa mavuto a mwanayo. Mwa njira, kuchita zimenezi, ethnographers kafukufuku, ankagwiritsa ntchito pakati pa anthu akale, monga Far North kapena Pacific mpaka m'ma 19.

Masiku ano pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, panalibe kuletsa kumaliza, ndipo si zosemphana ndi khalidwe zikuyenela mfundo za mudziko lonse. Komabe, Nazi T4 pulogalamu, imene Germany nkhondo chiyero cha mtundu Aryan, anapha anthu maganizo kupepera ndi ana, komanso odwala matenda okhudza ubongo, kunyozedwa maganizo kwa zaka 50.

Chiphunzitso ndi mchitidwe kumaliza

Masiku ano a kumaliza - woganizira kuchotsa moyo wa munthu kudwala chilolezo (kapena achibale ake) kuti kuchotsa mavuto ake. Izo ntchito makamaka nthawi imene khalidwe la moyo wa wodwalayo pa mlingo otsikitsitsa, ndipo iye ali mu ululu, ndipo palibe mpata kuchira.

Komanso, mitundu iwiri ya kumaliza amadziŵika lero:

• Chabe - imathandizanso nthawi imene mtima wa chikugwirizana ndi dongosolo moyo thandizo. Pankhaniyi, madokotala chabe anadula munthu kuchokera zipangizo kuti zamoyo. Nthawi zambiri iwo anachita kwa odwala mu chikomokere kwambiri ndi chilolezo cha abale.
• Yogwira - kumayambiriro mankhwala wodwala, kuonetsetsa imfa ya msanga ndipo sabweretsa chisoni. Izi kawirikawiri jakisoni kapena mankhwala mu madzi mawonekedwe, kuimira malo omwera a mitsempha, barbiturates ndi ochititsa dzanzi. Izi mulinso nthawi imene dokotala angapereke munthu ndi kuchuluka ofunikira mankhwala kudzikonda kwake chisamaliro cha moyo.

mbali zosiyanasiyana za kumaliza

Zovuta komanso zoopsa kusankha - kuti apitirize kukhala ndi matenda osachiritsika, ululu ndi mazunzo, motero dooming iwo abale, kapena kusankha malingana ngati munthu akadali amatha kusonyeza bwino - ichi ndi nkhani yaikulu ya kumaliza. Waukulu zokhumudwitsa pankhani ya legalization ake - malamulo, mfundo, ndi achipembedzo.

Mbali Chophweka - malamulo. M'mayiko kumaliza zoletsedwa, izo amaonedwa kuphana. Mu ena limati zina, monga, kumaliza sikuloledwa, koma amanena, koma anaphimbidwa ndi njira zina. Izi zachitika kuti dokotala kuchita ndondomeko, anali anakumana ndi mavuto ndi lamulo m'tsogolo.

Limbikirani ndi zinthu makhalidwe ndi chipembedzo. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi kudzipha ndi kupha, ndi zipembedzo kwambiri ndi machimo aakulu, ndipo ngakhale boma la Soviet a kuthamanga pa munthu pa nkhani zimenezi. boma zambiri sangathe kutenga udindo ndi kuthetsa kutaya moyo wa munthu wina, ngakhale ndi chilolezo cha wodwalayo. Ndipo madokotala ambiri n'komwe kugwira ntchito monga iwo zikutsutsana osati makhalidwe abwino, komanso Hippocratic lumbira.

mu Russia

Ponena za mayiko analola kumaliza ayenera kukumbukira kuti Chitaganya cha Russia sikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda. Mu dziko lathu izo ukugwira kupha mlingo wa udindo, ndi nkhaniyi umamangidwa ndi Code Wachifwamba ndi chilamulo, ndicho chilamulo Federal № 323 "Pa maziko a chitetezo zaumoyo latsopano la Russia."

Popeza maiko amene amaloledwa kumaliza kwa alendo m'dziko la Russia likhoza kupita mpaka mu ulendo omaliza kwa mmodzi wa iwo. Mugawo mu 2007 m'malo mwa maguluwo anapanga mwatsatanetsatane kwa kukonzanso ndi Code Wachifwamba ndi kuloleza kumaliza mu Russia, koma pempholo anali anakumana ndi mafunde mkwiyo wa anthu ndipo kudzipatula.

Imene dziko amaloledwa kumaliza kwa anthu

Pambuyo kupulula anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ndi Anazi kumaliza anawaletsa padziko lonse kutukuka. 50 okha Patapita zaka, funso anakweza mu Europe. Chifukwa ichi ife tikudziwa tsopano mu mayiko analola kumaliza. mndandanda uli motere:

• Netherlands.
• Belgium.
• Luxembourg.
• Albania.
• Switzerland (mu Zurich okha).
• United States (okha Vermont, Oregon, Washington, Georgia).
• Canada.

Kutchula mayiko amene amaloledwa kumaliza, tiona kuti pali mayiko kumene kulibe legalization mwamaonekedwe, koma pali precedents kuchitika. Ndi Japan ndi Colombia. M'mayikowa, zina ngakhale zimachitika litigation. Komabe, m'mayiko amenewa, kumaliza n'zotheka.

mchitidwe zamakono

Mu 1984, ku Netherlands woyamba mtchatho ufulu achire zaufulu zochokera kwa anthu ovutika ndi momvetsa kudwala. Zotsatirazi mchitidwe wa Netherlands limodzi ndi ena mayiko Benelux, ndicho Belgium ndi Luxembourg. Mu Luxembourg, ndi njira, wodwalayo akufuna kupeza kumaliza, ayenera kupeza chilolezo cha madokotala awiri. Apa madokotala amapanga ndi kusunga kaundula yoyenera kutsimikizira kuti maganizo ofuna kufa anapangidwa kwa odwala kapena achibale, koma sanakhale kulakwitsa kapena chifuniro kuyan'anila za dokotala.

Mu 1999, Albania walola kumaliza chabe odwala mu chikomokere mu kukhalapo kwa abale atatu chilolezo. Ngakhale ndondomeko malamulo chilolezo, Mpingo wa Katolika, umene ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko, chinkhoswe mu propaganda chiletso cha kumaliza.

Kuyambira mu 2002, lamulo Dutch pa kumaliza ndi ana oposa zaka 12, ndipo kuyambira 2014 Belgium, chiletso m'badwo uliwonse akhala anakweza, ndiko kuti, ngakhale mwana wa m'badwo uliwonse ndithe euthanized ndi chilolezo cha makolo ake kui wake.

Monga Netherlands ndi Belgium - Dziko ndi imodzi mwa zinthu mildest wa kumaliza, mphamvu ya otaya la alendo nkhawa kudzipha angapo caveats zinthu toughening njira. Mwachitsanzo, iwo anazindikira kuti pakati pa mtima ndi dokotala ayenera ubwenzi wawo.

Kuyambira 1941, kumaliza analola mu Canton wa Zurich ku Switzerland. Ndipo apa ndi pamene kudzipha zokopa alendo zimakulitsa, makamaka nzika za England ndi Germany, podziwa mayiko omwe analola kumaliza, icho Zurich kuti jakisoni wa mankhwala akupha. Chifukwa softness ya malamulo akuno anthu kwenikweni ima pamzere kwa mwayi kuthawa moyo. Komanso, mpaka 2011, ku funso lakuti: "Mu mayiko saloledwa kumaliza kwa wathanzi, kuti si anthu odwala?" - Swiss anali yankho: "Zurich". Opanduka alimi anakakamizika boma kutenga kusinthidwa yoyenera, ndi kokha tsopano nzika mwakayakaya padziko lonse angathe kukumana imfa pano.

Mu 2016, Canada kukwezedwa loletsa pa thandizo zachipatala podzipha kudwala. Tsopano bilu apatsira pangano ofunda. Koma malinga ndi iye, osati odwala onse mukhoza kuitenga iyo, koma kufota, kutanthauza anthu amene anafa momvetsa chisoni ndi pafupi ndi osatsutsika. Kuti Mwachitsanzo, anakhudzidwa ndi ofoola ziwalo kuthandiza kuthawa moyo monga mwa chilamulo sangakhale ngati anthu amene amadwala ululu popanda zolosera aliyense ofotokoza mmene anthu ambiri amakhala.

Zifukwa ndi motsutsa

Mu dziko la adani ndi mbali ya kumaliza kumabweretsa mfundo wokwanira Poteteza udindo wake. Ndipo chotero zovuta kwambiri nkhani iliyonse akangane ndi mtima ali mfundo zosiyana ndi.

Ndipo mtsutso koyamba kwa kumaliza zikusonyeza kuti moyo uli bwino kokha pamene n'zomveka ndi chisangalalo, ndendende ndi mosatsata Mwachitsanzo, odwala akayakaya. Mtsutso chonyansa akutinso kuti kusankha si pakati wosangalala ndi moyo wosakondwa, ndipo pakati pa nzeru ndi mfundo wotseka m'njira ina iliyonse. Mosakayikira, kuchotsa moyo ndi kovuta kuti wabwino.

Kumaliza ndi kunena amene akudziwa mmene mtengo ndi zovuta kukhalabe moyo wa munthu akudwala kapena wolumala ndipo Flatliners. Makamaka ngati kuyesera kupereka khalidwe abwino a moyo. Otsutsa amatichitira kuti mfundo zachuma akadali silingathandize ndi kupha wa makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima cha anthu masiku ano.

Wodziwa mayiko amene amaloledwa kumaliza ndi chifukwa chake, n'zovuta kuti amavomereza kuti chimakula ndipo dziko wolemera ndi miyezo yapamwamba moyo, komwe ndi khalidwe la moyo kumabwera koyamba. imfa A khalidwe limeneli kumatanthauza kutaya chidwi mu moyo wotero. Mwina anafotokoza malamulo okhulupirika kulola kutsatira kumaliza kwa ana kapena odwala osati kudwala.

Maganizo a anthu ndi madokotala za vutolo

Ngakhale kuti kanjedza anthu, andale, dziko zachipatala wakana kumaliza m'mayiko ambiri, anthu ambiri si mdani wa mfundo imeneyi. Choncho, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa owerenga Russian Intaneti, 50 peresenti ya omwe anafunsidwa saona chilichonse zoyipa kumaliza ndi amaona kuti ndi bwino anthu ufulu wosankha.

Zamaganizo ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zidzatheka anthu'wo akadzamvera makhalidwe la anthu ambiri amene zinachitikira kudwala matenda osachiritsika sindikanafuna zindivuta abale ndi adzazunzidwa ndi.

Kafukufuku zachipatala makonde, anachititsa pakati madokotala wamng'ono, zikusonyeza kusiyana ofanana mu dera akatswiri - theka la anthu omwe anafunsidwa wonse ntchito kumaliza, kuphatikizapo mu Russia.

The Nthawi zambiri ncthito mu dziko lamakono

Mu 1939, wotchuka Austria psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud zapita mwaufulu ndi thandizo la dokotala. Freud akudwala mawonekedwe osachiritsika a khansa m'kamwa ndi asanafe, anavutika ntchito zoposa 30 kuchotsa zotupa. Ndipo iwo anatengedwera pansi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo, monga ndiye ambiri ochititsa dzanzi pa Zikatero silinakwaniritsidwe ntchito.

Belgium wolemba Hugo Claus, ntchito okhulupirika kwa malamulo a dziko wake, anatenga kumaliza, ngakhale kuti anali kokha gawo loyamba la khansa. Koma French mphunzitsi, Chantal Sebir, amene nkhope anali maonekedwe owonongeka ndi maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi kwambiri a khansa, popanda Chifukwa choyenera achire zaufulu moyo mu dziko lakwawo, anafuna kupita ku Switzerland, podziwa mayiko omwe analola kumaliza munthu. Komabe, mu 2008, iye anadzipha ndi jekeseni barbiturate.

Kumuyalutsa wachititsa ndiponso kumaliza awiri shoemakers abale, amene anayamba kutaya kupenya kwake ndi kuvomereza mfundo yakuti sakadachita kuonananso kachiwiri. Ngakhale kupanda matenda aakulu, analandira jakisoni wa mankhwala akupha mu Switzerland.