Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian a XIX-XX zaka. zitsanzo

Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian - mmodzi wa waukulu. ndakatulo kapena wolemba akutsegula owerenga kukhumba moyo wake, maganizo, mavuto. Ndipo mawu, uyu wakhala zikufunika kwambiri. Indedi, sangathe mfundo yaikulu ya mtima wolemba kuti zilandiridwenso zawo, za prose nzeru zaumunthu, koma mawu a chikondi zimalankhulidwa mabuku kotero zilipo kuti amakulolani ntchito pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kodi ntchito makamaka kwambiri anasonyeza mutu wa chikondi? ndi peculiarities wa kuzindikira za olemba a kumverera chiyani? Izi ndikuuzani nkhani yathu.

A malo a chikondi mabuku Russian

Chikondi alibe chiyambi mabuku. Ngati ife kulankhula za mankhwala zoweta, ndiye mwamsanga m'maganizo Peter ndi Fevronia wa Murom wa buku Ermolai-Erasmus, zokhudza mabuku akale. Kumbukirani kuti pamene nkhani zina, kuwonjezera pa Mkhristu, anali taboo. Izi mawonekedwe a luso anali mosamalitsa achipembedzo.

Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian anatuluka mu m'ma XVIII. The kutsogolera kwa chitukuko anatumikira Trediakovskij Mabaibulo a ntchito ndi olemba yachilendo, pambuyo kale olembedwa za maganizo a chikondi ndi ubale pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu Europe. Lotsatira anali Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Zhukovsky, Karamzin.

Makamaka ake heyday chikondi mutu ntchito mabuku Russian mpaka m'ma XIX. nthawi iyi inapereka dziko Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Turgenev ndi zounikira zina zambiri. Mlembi aliyense anali ndi, kufunika kwake kwambiri munthu nkhani ya chikondi, sipangakhalenso kuwerenga mizere ya luso lake.

Chikondi ndakatulo ya Pushkin: inde wa luso

Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19, ukhale wapadera anafika ku ntchito ya Pushkin. Lyrics nalemekeza kumverera uku kuwala, ali wolemera, m'zigawozigawo ndi limaphatikizapo lonse mndandanda wa zinthu. Tiyeni tione iwo.

• Vnezhanrovost. Chikondi mawu Pushkin kwathunthu atumiki zili mawonekedwe, kusiya kwa malamulo alipo. Sitipeza mu elegy wake, nyimbo, kapena uthenga. Ndipo ntchito imodzi, kuphatikiza Mitundu izi. Mwachitsanzo amadziwika ndakatulo "onse Pakuti **** 'odzipereka A. P. Kern. Pa dzanja limodzi, uthenga wa (polemba chinenero ndi kuoneka bwino), koma pali zinthu zina chibwenzi (anafotokoza zokumana nazo kwambiri munthu, ntchito amazipanga nyimbo ndi mosangalatsa), ndipo ngakhale elegy (kutengeka).
• M'dongosolo latsopano la makhalidwe abwino. Romanticism - chodabwitsa mabuku Russian, chimene chinali pakati pa mzinda wa umunthu wa wolemba, kopanda, wopanduka anatsutsa dziko. Pushkin ali malangizo ena: ndakatulo zake ndi ozadzidwa ndi nzeru za chidziko ndi umunthu. Kumbukirani ntchito, "Ine ndakonda inu" - apa chinthu chatsopano chabe ndakatulo za chikondi unrequited. Pushkin masamba kusankha mkazi, ngakhale sizichitika mu mtima wake. Ntchito chikondi izo zikhala zovuta, kamvuluvulu chilakolako. Pushkin Sanatukwane wokondedwa wake (monga izo zikanadzakhala mu ndakatulo chikondi) - iye zikomo ake kumvera owala, amene unaperekedwa kwa iye. Alexander imatiuza wokondedwa wake, osati kudzikonda chikondi.
• Chikondi Pushkin - osati anomaly, koma boma chirengedwe cha munthu. Ngati izo siziri mwagwirizana - palibe chifukwa kuvutika. Wolemba ndakatulo amakondwera chikondi ngakhale unrequited. Mwachitsanzo - "usiku Chifunga lagona pa mapiri a Georgia". Izi ndakatulo za chikondi unrequited mwadzaza "chisoni yowala". Mlembi ananena kuti "mdima" sichikunditsutsa. Ndimaona khalidwe moyo otsimikiza.

Chikondi ngati chinyezimiro cha makhalidwe mu "Evgenii Onegine"

"Eugene Onegin" - ntchito imene mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian zikumveka makamaka mochititsatu kaso. Chikusonyeza osati kumverera, ndi kusanduka ake moyo. Komanso, mwa chikondi limasonyeza zithunzi zazikulu za buku la.

Pakati pa nkhani ya ngwazi, dzina linamasuliridwa mu mutu. owerenga amakakamizidwa mu buku adzazunzidwa funso: Kodi munthu chikondi Eugene? Ndaleredwa mu mzimu wa yapamwamba mores mzinda wa anthu, iye akapanda maganizo a pansi pamtima. Kukhala ndi "mapeto akufa mwauzimu" wakumana Tatiana Larina, amene, mosiyana ndi iye, akhoza modzipereka komanso mosonyeza chikondi.

Tatiana analemba chikondi kalata Onegin, iye anakhudza chifukwa cha zimenezi wa mtsikana, koma osatinso. Kukhumudwa Larina akuvomera ukwati ndi mkazi wosakondedwayo, ndipo ndinapita ku St. Petersburg.

Msonkhano wotsiriza pakati Onegin ndi Tatiana zimachitika pambuyo zaka zingapo. Eugene anazindikira mtsikana m'chikondi, koma akukana mwamunayo. Mkazi anavomereza kuti iye amakonda, koma adzamangidwa ukwati.

Choncho, protagonist Romana Pushkina sichitha mayeso a chikondi, akhagopa yotopetsa kumverera anaukana. Epiphany anabwera mochedwa.

Lyubov Lermontova - yabwino mumangire

China chinali chikondi cha mkazi kuti Lermontov. Kwa iye, kumverera zimene zimatenga munthu weniweni, mphamvu zomwe kanthu sangapambane. Chikondi Lermontov - ndi chinthu chimene ndithudi adzakhala anthu kuvutika, "Aliyense kulira amene anatikonda."

mawu awa inextricably zogwirizana ndi akazi mu moyo ndakatulo a. Katerina Sushkova - mtsikana amene Lermontov anagwa mu zaka 16. Ndakatulo odzipereka nkhani yake maganizo zakukhosi unrequited, akufuna kupeza osati mkazi, komanso bwenzi.

Natalya Ivanova, mkazi lotsatira mu moyo Lermontov, iye nayenso. Pa dzanja limodzi, mu ndakatulo za nthawi, chimwemwe, koma pano ikudontha lomveka chinyengo. Natalya sankamvetsa gulu zozama a ndakatulo iyi zinthu zambiri. Nkhani ya mankhwala zimenezi zasintha: tsopano lolunjika pa maganizo ndi zokhumba.

mosiyana chimasonyeza kuti timagwirizana ndi Varvaroy Lopuhinoy. Chikondi zinapatsira ndi chofunikira onse a ndakatulo, iye anati zachilengedwe ake, ngakhale dziko la kwawo.

Chikondi chimakhala pemphero mu ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa Mariya Scherbatova. Kwalembedwa zidutswa 3 yekha, koma aliyense wa iwo - mwaluso, nyimbo chikondi. Malinga Lermontov, anapeza kuti mayi yemwe amamvetsa wonse. Chikondi ndakatulo zimenezi ndi zotsutsana: kuchiritsa, komanso kuvulaza, kudzapereka ndi kubwerera ku moyo.

Zovuta njira chimwemwe ngwazi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy

Kambirana mmene chikondi ukufanizidwa mu zopeka, muyenera kusiya ndi kuganizira ntchito za Leo Tolstoy. epic wake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - ntchito mu akukondana mwanjira anakhudza lililonse mwawo. Ndipotu, "ankaganiza kuti banja" imene ali ndi pakati penipeni mu buku la, yogwirizana ndi chikondi.

Aliyense wa zithunzi, zimene njira yovuta, koma mapeto ndi moyo wosangalala m'banja. Pali kuchotserapo: Tolstoy amaika ngati opotoka luso anthu kukonda mosadzikonda ndi makhalidwe abwino. Koma khalidwe limeneli n'kofunika kukwaniritsa bwinobwino mavuto Zolakwika kuti m'kupita yeretsani moyo likhale loonekeratu, luso chikondi.

Tiyeni kukumbukira njira yovuta chimwemwe Andreya Bolkonskogo. Anauziridwa ndi kukongola kwa Lisa, akanakhala tikwatirane, koma kwa kuziziritsa msanga, anakhumudwa m'banja. Iye anazindikira kuti mkazi wake anasankha kanthu ndipo asokoneza. Kenako - nkhondo, thambo la Austerlitz ndi thundu - chizindikiro cha mtendere wa chitukuko, moyo. Kukonda Natasha Rostova - ndicho chimene anapereka Prince Bolkonsky kamphepo kayaziyazi.

Yesani chikondi ndi ntchito za I. S. Turgeneva

Images chikondi mu mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma XIX - kuti ngwazi za Turgenev. Mlembi wa aliyense wa iwo adzakunyamula kutuluka mayeso kumverera.

Okhawo amene amayendetsa izo - Arkady Bazarov la "Atate ndi Ana." Mwina ndicho chifukwa iye ndi ngwazi yabwino Turgenev.

Nihilist wokanayo zonse padziko Bazarov adzaitana chikondi "zachabechabe", ichi ndi matenda kumene mukhoza kupezanso iye. Komabe, atakomana ndi kumvutitsa Odintsovoy ndipo anam'konda icho, icho chimasintha osati kufunika kwawo kwa kumverera uku, koma dziko lonse.

Bazarov anavomereza Anna Sergeyevna m'chikondi, koma akukana mwamunayo. Mtsikanayo si wokonzeka kukhala pachibwenzi, sakhoza kudzikana okha chifukwa cha wina, ngakhalenso wokondedwa. Apa iye polephera mu mayeso Turgenev. Ndipo Bazarov - wopambana, iye anakhala wopambana, amene ankayang'anira wolemba mu "Nest Noble", "Rudin", "Ace" ndi ntchito zina.

"Master ndi Margarita" - zinsinsi nkhani yachikondi

Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ikukula ndi osauka, chikukula. No Wolemba ndakatulo ya nthawi iyi inalibe apambane gulu lathu. Inde, tingathe losandulizika, mwachitsanzo, chikondi kwa anthu (timakumbukira Gorky a Danko) kapena dziko (izi mwina mbali yaikulu ya analenga wa Mayakovsky kapena zaka nkhondo). Koma pali mabuku kwapadera za chikondi: ndi chimene moyo ndakatulo Esenin, olemba ndakatulo ya Silver Age. Ngati ife kulankhula za prose wa - makamaka a "Master ndi Margarita" ndi Mikhail Bulgakov.

Chikondi kumachitika pakati pa anthu otchulidwa - mwadzidzidzi, izo "kudumpha" balamanthu. Master imatiuza kuti maso Marguerite kotero wokhumudwa komanso. Okonda samaona yotopetsa chilakolako, m'malo pandunji - ndi chete, mtendere, chimwemwe m'banja.

Komabe, pa nthawi yobvuta chikondi zimathandiza kusunga Margarita Master ndi kuona, ngakhale kuti m'dzikoli anthu.

Chikondi mawu Esenina

Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian za m'ma XX - izo ndi ndakatulo. Taganizirani ntchito imeneyi kuwala kwa SERGEY Yesenin. Choncho inextricably zogwirizana ndi mtima m'makhalidwe kuwala, ndimamukonda zoyera kwambiri ndi kwambiri zogwirizana ndi yonena za ndakatulo iyi. A chitsanzo chapadera - ndakatulo "wobiriwira tsitsi". Pano mbali zonse wokongola wa Yesenin L. Kashina (s ntchito odzipereka) umaimiridwa ndi kukongola kwa birches Russian: a m'chiuno woonda, mangongo nthambi.

"Moscow Nyumba" limafotokoza chikondi osiyana kwambiri, tsopano ndi "matenda" ndi "mliri". Zithunzi izi kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi nkhani auzimu a ndakatulo, poganiza kupanda pake.

Machiritso amabwera mu mkombero "Chikondi wovutitsa". Makamaka - A. Miklashevsky kuchiza Esenina ku mazunzo. Kachiwiri, iye ankakhulupirira kuti pali chikondi chowona, mantha ndipo limatha kudzichiritsa.

Mu ndakatulo yake yomaliza Yesenin limaletsa Bodza ndi kusaona mtima wa akazi, iye amakhulupirira kumverera ziyenera kwambiri oona mtima ndi olimbikitsa, kupereka munthu maziko ake. Chotero Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo "The masamba ikugwa masamba kugwa ...".

Alakatuli ya Silver M'badwo wa Chikondi

Mutu wa chikondi mabuku Russian ya Silver Age - zimachitikadi osati S.Yesenin koma Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Alexander Blok, Osip Mandelstam ndi ena ambiri. Iwo onse kugawana kwambiri woonda maganizo bungwe, ndi kuvutika ndi chimwemwe - izi ndi anzake waukulu imasonkhezera olemba ndakatulo ndi poetesses.

Zitsanzo za chikondi mabuku Russian za m'ma XX - ndizopambana Anna Akhmatova ndi Marina Tsvetaeva. Last - "akunjenjemera Doe", ya chifuniro cha chibadwidwe, wobvutika. Kukonda ake - tanthauzo la moyo, zimene zimapangitsa osati kulenga, koma kulibe m'dziko lino. "Ndimakonda kuti mukudwala si ine" - mwaluso lake, chodzaza ndi chisoni kuwala ndi zotsutsana. Ndipo ndicho Tsvetaeva. Mu lyricism chomwecho impregnated ndakatulo "Dzulo mu maso." Mwina ngati nyimbo zonse razlyublennyh akazi: "? Wokondedwa wanga, ine ndachita chiyani".

Ndithu osiyana chikondi mutu mabuku Russian m'chifanizo cha Anna Akhmatova. Izi ndi maganizo a mphamvu zonse ndi malingaliro a munthu. Akhmatova yekha anachipatsa mphamvu ya mtima - "nyengo yachisanu". Koma Ngati sikudali kwa iye - sakanati aona ena anayi zitsulo. Chikondi a ndakatulo iyi - mokweza, vseutverzhdayuschaya kubwerera mfundo achilengedwe.