Mwachidule yonena za Nikitina Ivana Savvicha ndi mfundo zosangalatsa moyo wake chifukwa cha ana

Ivan Nikitin, amene yonena ndi chidwi chenicheni kwa mafani a ndakatulo mwakuya - Russian pachiyambi wolemba ndakatulo wa zaka za m'ma 19. ntchito yake momveka bwino mzimu wa nthawi imeneyo kutali.

Nikitin Ivan Savvich: yonena kuti ana

Ivan Savich anabadwa mu mzinda wa Voronezh, October 3, 1824 mu banja la zidebe olemera malonda makandulo. kulemba oyambirira atamva kudzera pafupi, ntchito yokonza nsapato mwana kuwerenga kwambiri ndiponso kukonda kukhala mu chikhalidwe, mgwirizano ndi amene anamva kuyambira kubadwa. Ndili ndi zaka eyiti analowa seminare, ndiye anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa seminarii.Vnezapnoe akamaliza maphunziro anatsogolera pa kugwa kwa atate wake, chilakolako chake amapha mowa ndipo imfa ya mayi ake, zimene zinachititsa kuti mnyamatayo kusamalira okondedwa. Ivan kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha pakalibe kawirikawiri mu m'kalasi ndipo Kupambana osauka, iye anakhala bambo ntchito mu kandulo shopu, kenako pamodzi ndi fakitale kandulo anagulitsidwa kwa ngongole ndiponso ndi ndalama anagula alendo ramshackle.

mavuto kukhala

Wambiri Nikitin, amene ankagwira ntchito pa alendo monga osamalira ndi amatifotokozera kovuta wonyong'onya moyo wake. Koma ngakhale zinthu zinafika povuta, mnyamata sanali adzatsika mwauzimu, miniti iliyonse ufulu kuyesera kuwerenga mabuku, kulemba ndakatulo, kufunsa mumtima mwake. mizere ndakatulo Ivan anayamba kulemba pa seminare, kusindikiza zolengedwa awo anaganiza wofu- mu 1853. Publication malo awo mu "Voronezh m'chigawo uthenga" pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka 29. ntchito wolemba zinalembedwa ndi wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja, anayamba kusindikizidwa ku "Mfundo za Lathu", "Library Kuwerenga". Ndakatulo-nugget anakonda kuyambira chikhalidwe ubwana ndi akutamanda kukongola kwake - Nikitin Ivan Savich. Short yonena kuti ana transmits luso lake kumva dziko, apadera wochenjera mithunzi ya mitundu. Iye anali wokhoza kuti kachigawo kamodzi kokha kwa cholembera ndi kudzoza ndipo kubaya lotero kufotokoza m'dzikoli. Ivan Nikitin, amene mbiri limafotokoza ake oona chikondi cha chikhalidwe ntchito adadziwa monga luso malo zojambulajambula.

Kukonda anthu - mmodzi wa mitu yaikulu ntchito

Mwachidule yonena Ivana Nikitina ana limafotokoza nkhani ya zimene malo kwambiri mu ndakatulo ndi nkhawa poganiza anthu ake ndipo anadutsa mavuto ake kudzera mtima wake, kutenga ndakatulo yomwe imasonyeza moyo wa wamba wamba ( "Mkazi coachman", "wolima," "Amayi ndi mwana wamkazi "," wopemphapempha "," Street msonkhano "). Iwo bwino anasonyeza kwambiri chikondi chenicheni kwa anthu ake, chisoni wake ofunda moyo mwakhama ndi chikhumbo chachikulu kusintha udindo wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo Nikitin sanali idealize anthu, kuyang'ana pa iye ndi mphamvu wodzisunga, kujambula iye ndithu, osati kubisala mbali mdima ndi makhalidwe oipa cha khalidwe national: a despotism banja, nkhanza ( "Kuwonongeka", "Omvera Atate", "Gawani"). Nikitin mu gawo lonse la Mau anali mzinda wokhalamo, paulendo pafupi ndi Voronezh, koma anakhala mu zigawo tidakocheza a wachuma, m'mudzi uwu, mu nyumba m'mphawi anali asanakhalepo ndi samaona moyo anthu wamba. Nkhani za delineation wa mikhalidwe ya moyo wa anthu wamba Nikitin analandira mwa cabbies amene anakhala pa alendo wake, ndi amene anakhala Voronezh wamba. Komabe, Ivan Savich, amene anali ndi zofooka mu kuwunika moyo wa anthu, chifukwa cha zimenezi, akhoza kukhala bwinobwino mabuku zimalongosola yotakata moyo wa anthu, koma kunapezeka kuti wofu- otalikirana zambiri.

Ivan Nikitin: yonena mwachidule za ndakatulo-nugget

Chidwi ndi ntchito za Nikitina N. I. wachiwiri (wasayansi-ethnographer) anayambitsa iye bwalo luntha m'deralo, anayambitsa ndi Chiwerengero D. Tolstoy, amene lofalitsidwa ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi mu "Moskvityanin" ndipo anamasulidwa ku St. Petersburg, zosonkhanitsira wake woyamba wa magazini osiyana (1856). Ivan Nikitin, ana amene mbiri limafotokoza nkhani ya kukula kutchuka wolemba ndakatulo panthawiyo, adakali moyo zovuta. Atate momveka woledzera, ngakhale m'banja bwino pang'ono; kolowera alendo si choncho maganizo mnyamata chimachititsanso mu nkombero wa anthu anzeru moona mtima wokonda izo. Komanso, anafotokoza mbiri Nikitin anayamba kugonjetsa matendawa. M'chaka cha 1855, iye anagwira chimfine pamene kusambira, wofooka kwambiri ndipo sanali kudzuka pabedi. Mu mphindi zovuta kuthandiza cha chikhulupiriro, chimene chinachititsa maonekedwe a ndakatulo ndi mitu achipembedzo.

amajambulapo maluwa okongola achipembedzo ndakatulo Nikitin

Mutu wa chikhulupiriro anthu umadutsa ndakatulo onse Ivana Nikitina: "The New Testament", "Pemphero," "The kukoma pemphero", "Kumva Zowawa mu Garden". Kuona chisomo woyera zonse Nikitin ndinakhala katswiri woimba kwambiri chimene moyo wa chilengedwe ( "Morning", "Spring mu chipululu," "kukakomana ndi yozizira") ndi Polemeretsedwa Russian ndakatulo ya ambiri katswiri ubusa ndakatulo. Ivan Nikitin pa ndakatulo olembedwa zoposa zisanu khumi nyimbo zazikulu ndi romances. M'zaka 1854-1856 wolemba ndakatulo ntchito zake kudziletsa maphunziro, anaphunzira chinenero French ndi kuwerenga kwambiri. Pambuyo kuchoka kwa Voronezh mu 1857 Vtorov, amene anakhala bwenzi lake lapamtima, komanso pambuyo kugwa vtorovskogo makapu ndakatulo kupweteka bwinobwino anamva kuwawa mkhalidwe wa banja ndi moyo, sizikuyenda bwino maganizo anamugwira ndi mphamvu kwambiri.

Yamabuku Ivan Nikitin

Mu 1858 anasindikiza ndakatulo yaitali Nikitina "nkhonya" momveka bwino kufotokoza philistinism, mwachifundo analandira ndi otsutsa ndi bwino ndi anthu. Makope ntchito amagulitsidwa Pasanathe chaka, kubweretsa ndalama wabwino ndakatulo. Ngakhale ndi opweteka ndi maganizo maganizo, Nikitin anapitiriza zaka 1857-1858 kuwayang'anira mosamala mabuku Russian ochokera m'mayiko kuwerenga Shakespeare, Cooper, Goethe, Hugo, ndi Chenier. Komanso ndinayamba kuphunzira German, kumasulira Heine ndi Schiller. Anagwira "Mfundo za Lathu" mu zaka 1857-1858, "kukambirana Russian." Chaulemu kwa buku la ndakatulo, ndalama kwa zaka zambiri, ndi ngongole ya rubles 3,000 kuchokera VA Kokoreva zinamupatsa mu 1859 kugula mabuku, amene wakhala amakonda malo kwa anthu a mzinda, mtundu wa kalabu zolembalemba. Kenako - ziyembekezo ndi Zolinga za kugunda kulenga, magulu atsopano a ndakatulo latsopano, anakumana ndi ena ozizira, koma mphamvu zofunika anali kale sukutha.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo ndakatulo ndi

Wambiri Nikitin zinali zovuta kwambiri: wolemba ndakatulo mosalekeza kudwala, makamaka pachimake mu 1859. Thanzi lake nthawi zonse alternated, kanthawi kusintha m'malo ndi kuwonongeka yaitali. Mu theka lachiwiri la 1860, Nikitin ntchito molimbika kuyambira cholembera chake anabwera ntchito "Diary seminarian", zinalembedwa prose. Mu 1861 anapita ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, anatenga gawo ndi alongo ntchito zikhalidwe mapangidwe kulemba anthu mu Voronezh, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa maphunziro a Sande.

Mu May 1861 wolemba ndakatulo nsomba ozizira zoipa, zimene anapangitsa aggravation TB. October 28, 1861 anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu Nikitin Ivan Savich. Wambiri ana ndi chidwi chakuti kwa moyo waufupi a ndakatulo linalembedwa za ndakatulo mazana awiri okongola, ndakatulo atatu ndi nkhani. Iye anali ndi zaka 37. Iye anaikidwa ku New manda Mitrophanievskoye pafupi Koltsov.

Athandiza Ivan Nikitin mabuku Russian

Moyo ndi mbiri Ivana Nikitina bwino anasamutsidwa ntchito yake, kumene ndakatulo amafuna kupanga lingaliro la moyo wawo, akumvetsa kukhumudwa linakhalapo yekha ndipo amavutika kwambiri ndi mismatch wa zithunzi zilipo zenizeni; Iye anatonthozedwa mu chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo, kuyanjanitsa pa nthawi ndi moyo. Mu ntchito ya Nikitin zinthu zambiri autobiographical ndi ofala malankhulidwe a chisoni, chisoni ndi chisoni chifukwa chomwecho wotuluka protracted matenda. Gwero la chisoni kulongolola sanali kokha ndifotokoze mavuto payekha, komanso moyo ozungulira ndi azivutika, amasiyanitsa chikhalidwe, sewero zonse. Wambiri Nikitin ndi lero ndi chidwi ndi achinyamata, amene akufuna kumva mzimu wa zaka zapitazi, ndi osachepera mwa mawu a ndakatulo kuti amkhudze iye. Ntchito Ivan Savich anaima ambiri mabuku ndi anamwazikana ambiri.