Mycology - ndi kuti sayansi?

Moyo Padziko Lapansi ukufanizidwa ndi anthu enanso ambirimbiri a mitundu yonse ya zomera ndi nyama zimene zayamba osiyanasiyana malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi magwero ake. Koma pali zolengedwa zina mosiyana ndi mitundu wathu watsiku ndi moyo kuti iwo sangakhoze amati ndi zomera kapena nyama. Izi chodabwitsa, ngati abwera kwa ife ku zamoyo wina dziko otchedwa bowa. Mycology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira iwo. Mycologists kusonkhanitsa ndi bungwe zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, amene panopa ali oposa 100 zikwi. Amadziwika kokha mitundu sayansi, pali maganizo kuti mfundo zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe bowa ndi okulira kwambiri, ndi nzeru panopa za iwo - yekha dontho m'nyanja.

colonizers ubiquitous

Ngati mukuganiza kuti bowa - ichi kutali okhala nkhalango, nthawi kumera mu mzinda, ndiye inu mukulakwitsa. mpweya ndi wodzala ndi spores mafangasi makamaka m'chilimwe. Tizilombo timeneti ali paliponse, iwo zatizungulira kulikonse, koma kupezeka awo si kophweka muzindikire. Pambuyo bowa ndi - ndi lokha mycelium ndi fruiting matupi sali ngati anthu ambiri molakwa.

matupi Fruiting zofunika kufalitsa bowa chikhalidwe, kotero kukula ndi mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, kusonyeza luso lodabwitsa la zinthu kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu aliyense.

masitepe loyamba

Kodi akutulukira mycelium latsopano? Izo zonse akuyamba ndi spores tosaoneka amene anabalalitsidwa ndi mphepo kapena nyama. Iwo motalika kokwanira kukhala mu mkhalidwe matalala mpaka pali zinthu zabwino kumera. Aliyense mkangano amayamba kutulutsa filaments, amene kenako kupanga mycelium. Izi zimafunika gawo lapansi, ie, sing'anga michere oyenera mtundu winawake wa bowa. Monga gawo lapansi kudya, ndi mycelium limakula, kuphunzira gawo koposa, ndi mycelium akale pang'onopang'ono afa. Zinthu zina mwina kuposa wina kilometre kutalika. Izi zimapangitsa bowa waukulu chinthu okhala padziko lapansi.

fruiting

Mycelium, ziribe kanthu momwe amphamvu kungakhale, simungathe kukula mpaka kalekale. Choncho nthawi ina, iye umabala fruiting thupi ndi spores zimene kupanga bowa watsopano. Mycology akuphunzira magawo onse a kukula kwa zinthu zodabwitsa izi. Ndi kuyamika sayansi uwu, tidziwa kwambiri za nyama zimenezi zitheke. Choncho, mycologists kuphunzira zinatithandiza kudziwa pamene zinthu ndi mulingo woyenera, ndi mycelium akuyamba kubala zipatso, zipatso kunja kwa thupi.

Fruiting matupi a bowa kwambiri amasiyana onse mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Komanso, iwo akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri ngakhale anthu a mitundu chomwecho malinga kukula. Kenaka, thupi chipatso athanzi, bowa kapu atsegula, kumasuka mamiliyoni spores tosaoneka mu mpweya, omwe akhoza kuyamba mycelium.

bowa zosiyanasiyana

Mycology - ndi sayansi wachinyamata, koma deta zinapezedwa adepts ake olimbikira chabe kunyezimira. Iwo likukhalira kuti zomera zimenezi akhoza kuyamwa zosiyanasiyana magawo. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya bowa kukula bwino pa mitembo ya nyama kapena chimbudzi chawo. Ena amakonda chakudya zamasamba, ndi mitundu ina ndi ogwirira konse.

Yotsirizira moyo mu nthaka ndi nyama pa mphutsi tosaoneka otchedwa nematodes. Iwo adzatulutsa mphete ka mycelium, amene adzatsekeredwa atathana ndi wovulalayo pamene iye igwera mu umodzi mphete izi. Palinso bowa, amakonda chakudya mu mawonekedwe a tizilombo. Iwo kwenikweni kudya tizilombo zopanda moyo mkati, ndiye kutaya mikangano thupi yopanda wovulalayo wake. Pali milandu bwino kukamenyana Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi bowa predacious.

tosaoneka bowa

Kumene, ndi zovuta kuti tizindikire lalikulu, otchuka bowa, monyadira ataliatali pamwamba pansi. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ndi kukula mochuluka wodzichepetsa. Aliyense ali bwino nkhungu ndi nthumwi zina za kakang'ono ufumu bowa. Izi colonizers tosaoneka konse mwayi awo. Pamene spores kumgwetsera ndi gawo lapansi abwino, nthawi yomweyo imayamba overgrowing.

Koma kutsutsana paliponse kulikonse, ngakhale mu Antarctica, mpweya lili ndi chiwerengero ena a iwo. chidwi linaperekedwa tosaoneka bowa zachipatala mycology. Monga amadziwika, woyamba mankhwala a penicillin anali analandira chifukwa cha bowa kakang'ono, komanso ambiri mankhwala wotsatira ndi mankhwala. Only zisakuyenda, kuti kuchepetsa kufala kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga, tinayamba kulenga mankhwala kupanga.

Ntchito makampani chakudya

Bowa kungakhale ulemerero kwa tebulo iliyonse. Ngakhale gourmets ambiri chipangizo kuzindikira fruiting matupi a bowa chifukwa wapadera awo, ziribe kanthu zomwe sindimakonda kukoma. A yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo chikuyamba ndi kuchuluka lonse kuti zilandiridwenso zophikira. Koma ntchito bowa mu adzasowa chakudya si banal kudya fruiting matupi awo.

Oddly zokwanira, ambiri mwa zinthu zoperekedwa ndi amagulako muli bowa. Mwachitsanzo, osanenapo yisiti - mmodzi wa zosakaniza wotchuka kwambiri mu makampani chakudya. Ngakhale zipatso timadziti muli kuchuluka kwa tosaoneka bowa, ngati ma CD ali mawu akuti "nsaluzi zinkangokhala." Kotero ife tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti zomera zimenezi zima- kwambiri mizu moyo wathu, osati likukuvutitsani kudziŵitsa ambiri a ife. Choncho mycology - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthambi zofunika kwambiri sayansi yamakono kuti angapereke dziko idakalipo anthu atulukira zodabwitsa.

kulima Industrial

Zingatanthauze kuti kamodzi bowa ndi opindulitsa kwa anthu, bwanji kukula iwo kulikonse? Koma si onse mophweka. Ambiri bowa akukana kukula pa minda bowa. mfundo ndi yakuti mu chilengedwe, zamoyo izi ndi misa ubale symbiotic, popanda zomwe moyo wawo zosatheka. Choncho, townsfolk ndi kukhazikika kwa bowa mwachizolowezi oyisitara inde. Amene ankafuna kusintha kwambiri, kupita ku nkhalango ndi kusonkhanitsa wekha zokoma bowa zipatso.

Komabe, ngakhale anthu bowa kuti akhoza kukula mu greenhouses, kukula osiyanasiyana. Popeza kuti bowa dziko ladzala ndi mpikisano - mamiliyoni spores tiwolokere mu mlengalenga podikira mu phiko. Mycology - ndi makampani kuti amafuna sterility pazipita. Choncho, pamaso pa matenda ndi gawo lapansi thanzi akukangana lamanja la bowa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya mu chipinda phindu. Komanso amafuna yolera yotseketsa bwino zida nawo mbali, ndipo ngakhale zovala anthu, kuipitsidwa conductive ayenera bwinobwino chosawilitsidwa. Njira yokhayo mungakhale ndi chikhulupiliro kuti mbewuzo ndicho chimodzimodzi chimene mukufuna.

Institute of Mycology Research. Kashkina

Lamavutoli chidwi lakonzedwa mozama za sayansi bowa, ndi bungwe okha za mtundu wake lonse Russia. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano matenda matenda a mafangasi bwino, ndipo kenako amenyane naye. Dzina lake Research Center, mu ulemu wa munthu, amene amapangitsa kwambiri mycology zamakono - Kashkina Pavel Nikolayevich. Iye ndiye anali mu 1982 anakhazikitsa woyamba mycological pakati.

Kunapezeka kuti bowa tosaoneka ndi causative nthumwi za matenda ambiri, si zokhudzana ndi Maganizo oyamba. Kuwonjezera mycologists mu Center Science. Kashkina ntchito timu ya immunologists, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, urologists ndi akatswiri ena. Zikomo kuyesetsa anzake a ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi mphamvu ya chithandizo cha matenda Mycology kwambiri. Pa chitsanzo cha bungwe lodabwitsa angamvetse zothandiza mmene chifukwa mycology anthu. Santiago de Cuba, 1/28 - adiresi ya Institute ndi Research. Kashkina St. Petersburg.

Mycology tsogolo

Inde, sayansi kuti amaphunzira bowa, kuyembekezera tsogolo kwambiri. Chifukwa zamoyo izi unafala m'dziko lonse la dzikoli, njuchi pafupifupi lonse la padziko. Losangalatsa akhoza kumangidwa kokha molumikizana ndi zilombo chodabwitsa. Sikuti anthu amadalira bowa, zomera ambiri sakanakhoza kupulumuka popanda thandizo lawo. Pafupifupi 80% ya zomera pa dziko lapansi lilipo chifukwa cha mycorrhiza - kudalirana ndi bowa. lathuli anakhala zimene tikudziwa izo, chifukwa cha khama la colonizers izi wosimidwa.

Anthu bwino bowa kufunika. Choncho, kupanga Institute latsopano Mycology Research, zikwi asayansi ntchito pa kuphunzira makampani. Athandiza bowa sayansi mu mankhwala ndi malonda chakudya kwambiri. Bowa kuthandiza asing'anga ndi anyanga kugwira miyambo chachinsinsi ndipo ochiritsa kuchiritsa mothandizidwa ndi matenda awo. Zotsatira za zaka za mgwirizano bowa ndi anthu inasanduka mwambo wa sayansi - mycology. Pali zifukwa kukhulupirira kuti sayansi wamng'ono uyu kuyembekezera tsogolo labwino.