Mzinda waukulu wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. City-ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa chiyambi cha May onse maganizo ndi malingaliro a anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mu USSR zakale kutembenukira ku mbali ya tsiku lalikulu, May 9. Lero ife sadzaiwala, chifukwa kunali kutha kwa nkhondo zoipitsitsa nthawi yathu. Iwo ankanena miyoyo ya anthu ambiri a m'dzikoli anzathu, mabanja ambiri anasiyanitsidwa ndi chisoni kwambiri kuti ophunzira moyo wa zochitika zimenezo kukumbukira nthawi imeneyi popanda misozi.

otchuka ambiri wawaiwala. Ife mwina sadzadziwa chimene chinali nkhondo yawo yotsiriza. Palinso iwo amene maina adzakhalabe kosatha zipilala ndi mitima. Mwa ngwazi si amuna okha, komanso midzi yaikulu ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, amene zaka zoopsa anaima opanikizika katundu ku Nazi kapena miyezi yambiri anakaniza alimbane awo.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Izi udindo waukulu amene analandira midzi khumi wa USSR, wotchuka m'mbiri wake chitetezo. Pa malire awo amene anaika zipilala ndi steles, amene cholinga nthawi kukumbutsa nzika za chosasimbika amunamuna zochita za anthu awo.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mzinda-ngwazi za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, chithunzi, amene mayina awo ali m'nkhani, analipira magazi ake okwezeka udindo kwambiri pamene analandira mtima wake kuposa chitetezo cha zokometsera mu zaka zovuta kwambiri.

St. Petersburg (Leningrad)

Udindo umenewu kupereka May 8, 1965

Mu yophukira oyambirira, Germany anakhoza kwathunthu ndigwire kundipatsako kwa mzinda kuchokera kudziko. Iwo anayamba kulanda mzinda wa Leningrad, umene unatha pafupifupi 872 yaitali, njala tsiku. Pafupifupi anthu onse a mumzindawo - ngwazi za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Photo «Leningrad anatseka misewu" ndipo akadali amantha ndi chivundi kuwawa ngakhale anaumitsa anamenyela nkhondo m'deralo, osanenapo ophunzira mwachindunji za zochitika.

Kulimba mtima kwa anthu ake anali chosasimbika: zinthu kwathunthu wodyerana iwo osati kumenyana Aisiraeli, koma ngakhale anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa ulimi wa chida imene ankagwiritsa ntchito yomweyo kutsogolo, kwenikweni kumanga kwa mbewu. Chibwenzi, akukhulupirira kuti anafa pafupi theka miliyoni ndi njala ndiponso matenda.

% 3 Only anali atagwa m'manja. Chinthu chirichonse anapanga njala. Today, aliyense schoolchild amadziwa kuti njira yokhayo yopezera chipulumutso anali "Road a Moyo" kumene kunachitika pamodzi ayezi yozizira koopsa m'nyengo yozizira nyanja ya Ladoga. Komabe, ndi m'chilimwe kuchita mayendedwe ndi zoyendera madzi, koma mabuku awo si lalikulu. Iwo kwenikweni anali moyo, monga njirayi anatha kuchoka mumzinda wa anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni, Pakati anali makamaka ana, akazi ndi okalamba. Pomaliza anakwanitsa kuchotsa anatseka misewu ya mzinda mu 1944.

Kodi mukuganiza kuti pamene kutchula mawu akuti "mzinda wa ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo"? Photos zipilala nkhondo, ndi zambiri. Nawa chabe anatseka misewu mawu angathe kulira, litaima pamaso pa ena, zithunzi lowopsya la zaka.

Pokumbukira masiku amenewo Tsoka unakhazikitsidwa zipilala zisanu ndi ziwiri, komanso ndendende 112 mwambo mizati mu Road wa Moyo. Chapakati chipilala zikuchokera ndi chipilala "Aparted mphete", chomwe chimayimira chomaliza yojambula anatseka misewu ndi kumasula Leningrad. Kumene, mizinda yonse lalikulu la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi woyenera ulemu, koma nsembe ya Leningrad mpaka kalekale.

Odessa

Udindo komanso anali kupereka mu May 1965.

Odessa wakhala umodzi wa mizinda woyamba amene anali mu njira ya Aisiraeli. Mwa August 1941, ngakhale mtima kochuruka kwa zokometsera, izo kwathunthu oletsedwa. Pali njira yokhayo nyanja, kuteteza zosiyanasiyana za Black Sea zombo. Panyanja analandiracho osati kuchuluka yaikulu chakudya, komanso chida chimene analola polimbana magulu patsogolo mdani.

Mosavuta kuteteza ndi kuukira likuwonjezekabe wa ku Germany, izo unakhazikitsidwa dera zokhalamo. Anthu anakwanitsa n'kupatsa mavuto ambiri zida yosavuta lawi-throwers, amene Anagwa pa kutaya asilikali. Kumbuyo wa Odessa anayenera kusiya mzinda, koma iwo anali atapita, osati wosweka ndi anagonjetsedwa: ambiri a iwo kenako squads anapangidwa kulimba chomwecho ndi mtima zomwezo kudziteteza Anazi Crimea.

Panopa chipilala, amene anadzipereka kwa zochitika za m'masiku amenewo, kukhala paki dzina la Taras Shevchenko. M'malo mwake, ndi chikumbutso zovuta "Yendani Omveka", umene muyaya analanda kwa mibadwo kupambana wa makolo awo kwambiri. Ambiri, mizinda yonse lalikulu la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi zikumbutso ofanana.

Sevastopol

Udindo umenewu amaitcha kuti nthawi yomweyi mizinda tatchulawa.

Crimea nthawi zonse wakhala kufunika njira kwa dziko, chifukwa kudzera m'gawo lake anathamanga njira yayifupi ku minda mafuta a nyale. M'pake kuti kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo a asilikali Wehrmacht anapereka mabungwe awo kuti losavuta: pa zivute zitani mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka kugwila ndi oyera Sevastopol. The USSR lamulo Musanyengedwe pa mphambu uyunso adali ayi: mu Crimea, panali mbali yaikulu ya ndege, amene sakhoza anasiya pa chifundo cha mdani. Anafunika kuteteza mumzindawu kwa nthawi yaitali nthawi ngati nkotheka.

Pa chitetezo anali pomwepo anaponyedwa mphamvu kwambiri, imene pa nthawi ina zotsutsana ndi mdani mu Odessa. Iwo anapanga phata la kayendedwe zigawenga, anthu ake anali kugwira ntchito m'dera lonse la Crimea chilumba. Mwatsoka, July wa chaka chotsatira, mzinda anali akali kusiya.

Komabe, Germany sanali chikhulupiriro kwambiri amaona mu mumzinda, monga mphamvu zawo zonse kusisitidwa zigaŵenga zankhondo. Kwathunthu anakwanitsa kumasula Sevastopol mu May 1944. The Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Sevastopol" wakhala m'nkhani m'gulu la Red Army osankhika, wamkulu anali zochita za anthu amene anatsogolera chipilala wakale wa ulemerero lankhondo la Russia ndi USSR.

Mosadzasintha aike mu chikumbukiro mbadwa, masiku awa, chipilala anamangidwira paphiri Sapun. Malo awa ndi chinsinsi mzinda, zofunika kwambiri chitetezo, amene adapha unyinji wa asilikali Soviet ndi German. Komabe, chimodzimodzi yodziwika ndi zina zonse mzinda-ngwazi za 1941-1945 Great zaka zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Volgograd (Stalingrad)

Udindo komanso anali kupereka May 8, 1965. Pamene panalibe nkhondo chowopsa Stalingrad, imene asilikali Soviet anali wokhoza kumatula msana wa asilikali a Hitler, mzinda uwu chinali nkhondo. masiku ochuluka monga 200 linali kupitirirabe, wamagazi nkhondo iliyonse mita malo okhala m'mizinda, nyumba iliyonse anasanduka malo otetezedwa bwino.

Pa mwezi, kuti Germany zofunika nkhondo ya Poland pa nthawiyo, dziko la Germany anakhoza akathyole angapo m'misewu Stalingrad, anakhumudwitsa zomvetsa kwambiri. Mphamvu ya mkanganowo zoopsa mbali zonse bwinobwino ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito snipers.

Pa wotchuka Mamayev Kurgan ndi yaikulu zovuta "Kuti Zimphona pa Nkhondo ya Stalingrad" pamwamba pa womwenso chipilala chimphona kuti Mama, amene nthawi zonse adzakhala chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu athu kwawo. M'nkhaniyi, sikuti kuli mzinda wa ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: zithunzi ndi malo chithunzi kuthandiza mumaona malo onse chadzaoneni.

Kiev

Order pa awarding mutu ndi yosainidwa May 8, 1965. Tikumbukenso kuti panopa watsopano boma Chiyukireniya kuti "yosintha" izo. Komabe, iwo kuyankha Kiev, iwo anamasulidwa. Kotero kuti "madongosolo a chiyembekezo chakuti a udindo mzinda-ngwazi" osati kufalitsa iwo.

ntchito Kusindikiza inatenga ndendende 70 masiku. Ntchito mumzinda wa asilikali German anachedwa kwa zaka 2.5. Panthawi imeneyi, dziko la Germany ndi awo mahang'ala-mtundu nazo zochuluka za "ntchito": massively Ayuda anawomberedwa, yozunzirako akaidi Soviet cha nkhondo, zimene ankapha asilikali unapangidwa bungwe.

Aonongedwa ambiri mbiri ndi mapulani zipilala, mbisoweka popanda kufufuza ndi zamtengo wapatali zakale ku zinthu zakale. Inde, ambiri Kiev anthu achita nawo kayendedwe zigawenga, khama poteteza mzinda mbadwa ku ululu wa Nazi. Koma patapita nkhondo yozizira wolemera mu 1943 iye anamasulidwa ndi magulu a asilikali a ku Germany. Onani kuti kumzinda otchuka a Ukraine (Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1941-1945) anali pafupi inawonongedwa, ndi kuwabwezeretsa anali nthawi yaitali.

Monga Volgograd, pali chipilala kuti "Mama".

Linga mu Brest

The chipilala lodziwika bwino kwa mtima ndi olimba mtima, asilikali Soviet. Udindo komanso anali kupereka mu May 1965. Tanena kale mizinda yambiri-ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: mndandanda wa iwo akhoza akamagwira chabe scanned nkhani yakeyi. Koma Brest - malo apadera kwambiri, kumene mukhoza kulankhula za kwa nthawi yaitali.

Pa chitetezo ya linga ambiri mukudziwa yokhudza ndi lowopsya buku Borisa Vasileva. Koma mu bukhu, ife sitimvetsetsa zimene anamva ndi zomwe zikuyembekezera anthu amene akudziwa bwino kuti n'zosatheka chipulumutso kuti nthawi zonse anataya anzawo ndi okondedwa. Zonsezi, iwo n'komwe za kugonja kwa mdani. Nkhondo ya Brest - woyamba mu mbiri ya nkhondo, ndipo wina wa lofunika kwambiri.

Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. Asilikali German kukonzekera kusamukira kutenga mzinda, ndiyeno "kupambana ulendo" kupitiriza kayendedwe ku East. Iwo lalikulu miscalculated. A masiku angapo gulu la asilikali Soviet mwaukali kumbuyo ngakhale ikuyandikira kwa linga, kupereka Germany kupita ku malire ake. skirmishes aukali musalekane chete ngakhale usiku.

Asilikali, atatopa kwambiri, ludzu ndi njala, mpaka wotsiriza yachiwiri kukana mdani. "Ine ndikufa, koma musasiye" - ichi lolembedwa wotchuka wina mpanda wa linga zikusonyeza bwinobwino mzimu weniweni wa asilikali pa choopsya nkhondo yomaliza. The Germany potsiriza analanda linga, pamene palibe moyo wa zokometsera okha opambana, iwo sanawone kuti: pamene mayiko a ku Ulaya kumvera asilikali German mu masabata, ena linga zachisoni zokha pa mtima zosaneneka ndi ungwazi wa zokometsera , ndinatha chotani kwa miyezi ingapo.

Nyumbayi lonse chimatengedwa ngati chikumbutso wosatha mu 1971. m'gawo lake nthawi zonse anayatsa lawi wosatha, nthawi zonse Kupereka ulemu kwa asilikali wagwa ya Soviet Army.

Moscow

Monga milandu m'mbuyomo, mutu anali kupereka mu May 1965. Pafupifupi aliyense amakhala osiyana, mzinda kudziwika ngwazi za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Photo «Moscow perete 1941" ndi bwino kuti ambiri. Ndi kwa asilikali atsopano anapita kauntala, apa panali likulu lamulo la Red Army.

N'zosadabwitsa, kuyambira pa chiyambi cha nkhondo kutenga likulu la USSR anali wapadera wa lamulo German, choncho ntchito Mwaichi asilikali bwino. Plan "Barbarosa" kumatanthauza anagonjetsa mzinda miyezi itatu ya nkhondo. Nawa chabe Kiev, Leningrad ndi Smolensk kuvala mapulani odzikonda ameneŵa molimba mtima mtanda, kuchedwa kuyamba kwa opareshoni kutenga mzinda miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow, dziko la Germany ankaoneka yekha pakati pa autumn, pamene anayamba woyamba ozizira kwambiri.

atsogoleri athu wokakamiza iwo nkhondo attrition. Mpaka December chaka chomwecho anapitiriza kufotokoza za Moscow, lomwe panafika magulu ambiri ozipeleka.

Kangapo zinthu amakhala ovuta. Zinaoneka kuti Ajeremani za zolinga zawo, ndi Hitler ankakonza kuponya phwando wapamwamba boma la Russia. Koma lachisanu la December, asilikali athu linakhazikitsa counteroffensive mu mphambu woyamba, ndi chifukwa kuti Germany nditadzipatula ku malire mzinda makilomita 200 basi.

Kukumbukira zochitika kutsogolo kwa mpanda wa Moscow Kremlin chikumbukiro a msirikali wosadziwika. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti chipilala akhoza bwinobwino kukhazikitsa kumzinda ngwazi zonse Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndi chithunzi chimene tili nkhani.

Kerch

Udindo umenewu kupereka yekha September 14, 1973. m'mudzimo wotchuka chifukwa kukhala molondola pa mzere kutsogolo zapita iye ochuluka monga anayi (!) Times. Anapha anthu osachepera 15,000, theka amene anaphedwa mwankhanza kuwomberedwa mu Bagerovsky ngalande. 15 zikwi Germany anathamangitsidwa ntchito yaukapolo ku Germany. Ku mzinda ali ochepera 15%. Pafupifupi onse nyumba zambiri kapena zochepa zofunika zinawonongedwa, ndipo nyumba lonse ndipo sakhala. Only pa chiyambi cha April 1944 Kerch kenako ku ukapolo Nazi adani.

Pa phiri ndi dzina wokongola Mithridates zinthuzo lawi wosatha yoyaka.

Novorossiysk

Udindo komanso kupereka m'ma September 1973. pafupifupi mzinda wonse anagwidwa ndi asilikali a ku Germany panthawi ya nkhondo. Cholinga cha Nazi anali Georgia, njira yowongoka, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa yomweyo pambuyo adani a Novorossiysk.

Aliyense anazindikira kuti zimenezi itha asiya Hitler kuti akalandire ankamvetsa mu Caucasus. Champhamvu kwambiri Novorossiysk m'dera zokhalamo linakhazikitsidwa kutsutsa izi, koma mwa August 1942 kwa izo kumanzere pang'ono (zosaposa 20%). Mu February 1943, atatha masiku 225 a ntchito, omenyana Soviet anakwanitsa retake mzinda.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti chipilala chachikulu anakhala chikumbutso amatchedwa "mizere ya chitetezo". Mwala 40 mamita umasonyeza kuti sipadzakhala woipa amene amabweretsa umodzi pakhomo la mzinda. Hero wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Sniper Rubaho Filipp Yakovlevich analinso wochokera Novorossiysk ulemerero.

Minsk

Amaitcha mutu June 26, 1974.

masiku atatu basi pambuyo pa chiyambi cha nkhondo mzindawo unali pansi Germany. Pa m'gawo lake, "wolimbikira ntchito" Germany analenga ghettos itatu yokha imene inapha anthu 80,000 Ayuda. Pafupi ndi Minsk ndi Germany anapha anthu osachepera 400,000. mu June 1944, yekha zikuluzikulu kumasulidwa ntchito unayambitsidwa pa otsiriza. Ndi nthawi pamene mzinda kwathunthu anavula, inatsala nyumba 80 zokha.

The chipilala kwambiri ndi chikumbukiro "Yama", umene unadzipereka kwa akuvutika chifukwa cha Nazi. Mwa njira kulankhula, kunali chipilala choyamba mu USSR lonse, pamwamba pa amene ali ndi lolembedwa mu Chiyidishi.

Tula

Udindo umenewu unapatsa kokha December 7, 1976.

Soviet "wosula" anali chandamale ofuna lamulo German, choncho kupewa adani a mzindawo unali Mulimonsemo zosatheka. Komanso, Tula yokutidwa malire a kum'mwera kwa Moscow, kupanga izo wofunika kwambiri. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1941 amphamvu kwambiri German kuukira m'dera ankhondo ndi ulemu zimaonekera, momwe Germany anali mwamphamvu chatsekedwa.

Pa mliri wa Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, mzinda wa Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) anali pafupifupi zomwezo. Lero, olimbikitsa akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa mphoto ya udindo aulemu kwa iye. Komabe, ku analitcha kuti Thule.

Mudzi ndi malo ake akhala akumenya mwamphamvu. Iwo anali kuwotchedwa pafupifupi midzi yonse, kupha anthu wamba osachepera 360 zikwi. Ngakhale zinthu ozungulira mzindawo m'molema Tula makampani anapitiriza kubala mfuti za makina, mfuti submachine ndi mfuti Sniper. Mwa njira, pa m'deralo mizere kumbuyo mwangwiro anatsimikizira PPK mfuti mfuti Korovin, woyambitsa amene ali zaka zambiri mphamvu Soviet anali chosalungama kuiwalika.

Komabe, pokumbukira anthu akale a mzinda. Hero wa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo sanali amamuiwala.

Polemekeza zinthu zimenezi mumzinda anaika zipilala zambiri za ulemerero usilikali ndipo Kupambana Square anamangidwira malo mu mawonekedwe a asilikali ndi anthu amene amadalira mfuti mpeni. Mzinda wonse-ngwazi za Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, zimene anachita ndi zabwino, koma Tula ngakhale mkhalidwe umenewu kuti kuonekeratu kuti chifuniro chawo osasweka kupambana.

Murmansk

Only May 6, 1985 mumzinda kupereka udindo ngati mkulu wamba.

malangizo Hitler asilikali ake anali osavuta ndi waufupi: Murmansk analamula kuti awononge pomwepo ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo, chifukwa kudzera madoko ake anali matani ambiri katundu kwa adani. Yopangidwa oposa 800 chachikulu mpweya anawazunza mzinda waponya za 186 zikwi mabomba amphamvu, koma zokometsera wake ndi ulemu anayima mu gehena ili. m'mizinda yambiri ya Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anadutsa mabomba, koma panali paliponse wamphamvu.

Pafupifupi nyumba onse unatenthedwa kapena lowonongeka. Osauka ntchito yomwe nyumba matabwa, imene moto kufalitsa ndi liwiro zosaneneka. Only m'dzinja 1944, kuopseza mzinda wakhala kwathunthu inathetsedwa. The chipilala anakhazikitsidwa. Koma wakhala zaka 30 zokha kuchokera pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, pamene mudzi waukulu wa ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kale kuyambira mu "mndandanda ulemu".

Smolensk

Udindo umenewu kupereka monga May 6, 1985, zomwe ndi chachilendo kwambiri, chifukwa zokometsera mumzinda pa nkhondo anasonyeza mtima yakusatetezeka kuposa anthu womwewo wa Kiev.

Mu July 1941, a ku Germany ankaoneka kuti njira mtima wa dziko wakhala kwathunthu anatsegula. Cholinga chachikulu chinali choti Moscow, ndi bodza onse m'njira ya asilikali German mumzinda ankawaona chabe "n'zongochedwetsana." Kale pa June 15 kum'mwera kwa mzinda kunkakhala, ndipo posachedwapa ena m'madera adagwa pansi nkhonyayo chachikulu. Koma ichi chinali chiyambi chabe, monga zokometsera mzindawo ndi sanaganize kuti ndisiye.

Kuyambira m'ma July ayamba kumenyana katundu amene anapita miyezi iwiri. asilikali Soviet anataya katundu wolemera, koma Germany anali bwino. Komanso, massively anapha anthu wamba: chimodzi Chilango yekha anawononga midzi oposa 300 ndi anthu awo onse.

Amaganiza kuti anapha anthu pafupifupi 600 zikwi, koma chithunzi mwachiwonekere kwambiri otsika kwambiri, monga koposa misa manda kufufuza injini kupitiriza kupeza chaka chilichonse. Mzindawu uli ndi zakale, imene muli zolemba zonse ndi umboni, kuwauza za moyo wa mzindawo zaka zoopsa.

Apa ife kutchulidwa mizinda yonse yaikulu ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.