Ndi angati a milandu ya chinenero cha Chirasha? Khama la imfa. Affixes - Zitsanzo

Akatswiri ena a zinenero amakhulupirira kuti Chirasha wolemera choncho. Iwo ankadziwa kuti iwo sali isanu, ophunzirawo akuphunzira ndi zambiri. Ndipo, ngati likukhalira, ayenera kutsatira mfundo imeneyi. Kotero, momwe miliri Chirasha? Tiyeni yesetsani kuthetsa nkhani imeneyi.

dongosolo nkhani

Mawu akuti "nkhani" mu Greek zikumveka ngati "kugwa" ndiponso ku Latin - "kugwa" m'Baibulo.

Mlanduwu (declination) - kalembedwe gulu, anafuna kusonyeza udindo wa manauni syntactic ndi zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi mawu ena a chiganizocho. Kuwonjezera pa nauni kusinthidwa pa milandu ndi adjectives, participles, manambala, akuti. Dziwani kuti imfa ya mawu awa adjectival zimadalira declination wa nauni ndi. Izo zinawonetsera kusintha pa mapeto.

Ndi angati a milandu ya chinenero cha Chirasha?

Poganizira kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa Chirasha, zafala monga miliri akuluakulu sikisi:

• Nominative (koyamba mawonekedwe declination).
• Genitive.
• Dative.
• Accusative.
• Ablative.
• Prepositional.

affixes awa otchedwa makamaka chifukwa ntchito kwambiri. Komanso, Dziwani kuti kuwanda awo chifukwa chakuti mbali ya mawu amene tawatchula aja mitundu kalembedwe kwa milandu.

Pakuti declension olondola a mawu muyenera kudziwa kuti affixes onse mafunso. Komanso, aliyense wa iwo akufotokoza matanthauzo ambiri. Kumawerenga mwatsatanetsatane.

nominative

Zizigwirizana mafunso a "ndani?", "Chiyani?" Kuzindikira nkhani iyi, muyenera kuwonjezera mawu nauni "ndi". Mwachitsanzo: pali (chiyani?) Nyali. Ntchito popanda prepositions. A chiwerengero limodzi kutsekedwa kwa:

• 1 declination: kutanthauza -n.
• 2 declination: -o, -e, kapena ziro.
• 3 kuchepa: ziro kutha.

Ndipo mu zambiri: m, m, m, TH.

Popeza nominative mlandu mawonekedwe a machitidwe apachiyambi a mawu, udindo wake monga:

• anapatsidwa dzina nkhani za amachitila kapena boma (mayi aisadza, ana mwatopa);
• kudziwa, kuti mufotokozere chinthu, munthu kapena kanthu (mwachitsanzo mwana Asha a - dokotala, nkhondo - tsoka);
• itanani nkhani, chinthu, kanthu, chuma (ntchito ziganizo za mtundu uwu: m'mawa ..);
• Express ponena za mbali ina (Little, muli ndi zaka zingati?).

genitive

Zizigwirizana mafunso a "ndani?", "Chiyani?" Kuzindikira nkhani iyi, m'pofunika nauni ndi mmalo mawu akuti "palibe." Mwachitsanzo: (kodi) osati wa chisanu. Ntchito ndi prepositions pafupi pafupi, ndiye, ayi, za, kuchokera, kuti, padziko, kuti, kuchokera, kuti. A chiwerengero umodzi anatsimikiza ndi mathero amenewa:

• 1 kuchepa: m, m.
• 2 declination: kutanthauza -n.
• 3 kuchepa: m.

Yambiri ali kutha: ziro, Female, -ev, -s.

Genitive angasonyeze:

• Umembala wa phunziro (makina mwana).
• katundu chonyamulira (buluu).
• Chinthu chimene imatumizidwa kanthu (kuonera TV).
• Phunziro amene amachita kanthu (mayi kufika).
• Mbali lonse (chidutswa cha mkate).

dative

Mawu dative pa yankho la funso lakuti "ndani?", "Chiyani?". Kuzindikira nkhani iyi, m'pofunika nauni ndi liwu "kupereka." Mwachitsanzo: akazi mlongo (ndani?). Ntchito ndi prepositions pa. Mu mawu mmodzi kutha mu dative:

• 1 declination: e, m.
• 2 declination: Y, TH.
• 3 kuchepa: m.

Yambiri declension amakhala kutsekedwa: -am, -yam.

Mawu dative ndi anafuna zikutanthauza:

• ntchito kopita (bwenzi anapereka magazini, analembera kalata mayi anga);
• Mutu wa kanthu kapena boma (ana sanathe kugona).

accusative

Zizigwirizana mafunso a "ndani?", "Chiyani?". Kuzindikira nkhani iyi, m'pofunika nauni ndi liwu "onani." Mwachitsanzo, ine ndikuwona (chiyani?) Amayi. Ntchito ndi prepositions mu kuseli, pa, pafupifupi, kupyolera. Chiwerengero chokha limafanana ndi mapeto:

• 1 declination: Y, TH.
• 2 declination: -o, -e.
• 3 kuchepa: ziro kutha.

Mochulukitsa: ziro mapeto, m, S, S, -n, -s.

Accusative nawonso:

• Amatanthauza chinthu kanthu (chipinda woyera, kusoka zovala).
• Iwo akufotokoza kuchuluka kwa malo, mtunda, muyeso wa nthawi (kuyendetsa kilometre, kulemera tani, dikirani chaka, wokwanira kobiri).

ablative

Zizigwirizana mafunso a "ndani?", "Chiyani?". Kuzindikira nkhani iyi, m'pofunika kuika nauni mawu "onyada." Mwachitsanzo: onyada (yani?) Mwana. Ntchito ndi prepositions wa, pamwamba, pansipa, patsogolo, ndi. A chiwerengero ngwakufunika mapeto:

• 1 declination: TH (-oyu) -s (-eyu).
• 2 declination: TH, -em.
• 3 declination: TH.

Mochulukitsa: -s, Zoneneratu, amanenera.

Zoimbidwa cholinga zikutanthauza:

• Chokhalitsa kapena zosakhalitsa ntchito za zochitika zina (akutumikira monga msilikali, ntchito monga plumber a).
• Mutu wa kanthu - kumangira chabe (nyumba anagwetsa antchito).
• Chinthu kanthu (kupuma mpweya).
• Chida kapena kuchitapo kanthu (peroxide ndondomeko).
• Malo kanthu (kupita footpath).
• Njira, akafuna kanthu (kuimba yoimba).
• Muyeso wa nthawi kapena kuchuluka kwa chinachake (kunyamula ndowa).
• Chinthu chizindikiro (kukula kwa nkhonya a).
• Ngakhale kwa anthu ndi zinthu (m'bale ndi mlongo).

prepositional

mafunso zogwirizana "amene?", "Chiyani?". Kuzindikira nkhani iyi, m'pofunika kuika nauni mawu "ndikuganiza." Mwachitsanzo: Ndikuganiza (kwa yani?) Pa ndiwotani. Ntchito ndi prepositions mu, pa, pa, pa, pafupi, pamene. A chiwerengero ngwakufunika mapeto:

• 1 declination: e, m.
• 2 declination: -e. m.
• 3 kuchepa: m.

Yambiri kutha mu Ah, ntchentche.

Prepositions ndi manauni thandizo prepositional kumasulila tanthauzo lake. akuti:

• Zochita chinthu (kuganiza za mtsikana).
• Malo, udindo wake (kukhala pa mpando).
• Atam'chiritsa ena zochita (pobwera).

affixes zina

Chinenero cha Chirasha, kuwonjezera akuluakulu asanu milandu, kuzindikiridwa angapo mitundu kuti ndi udindo maganizo pafupi choncho. Koma iwo amatchedwa affixes manauni chifukwa iwo anafuna yekha kwa declination awo. Zikuphatikizapo: a genitive chachiwiri (partitive kapena kachulukidwe-ablative), wachiwiri prepositional (locative, m'dera), wachiwiri accusative (prevratitelny, kuphatikiza, gulu), ndi vocative mawonekedwe (vocative), ochuluka, zhdatelny, lishitelny choncho. Mbali yapadera mitundu ndi mfundo yakuti aliyense wa iwo opezeka mu bwalo zochepa mawu. Komanso, iwo angathe kukhala mu zinthu zina contextual. Pang'ono afufuze nkani izi. Zitsanzo kudzatithandiza bwino kuthana nawo.

Chachiwiri mlandu genitive lakonzedwa kuti kuchepa kwa mawu ena mu chachimuna mmodzi, kufanizira ndi declension chachiwiri: chikho tiyi, supuni ya shuga. Kutha kwa imfa, kutanthauza "Y" Nthawi zambiri ntchito mawu colloquial ndi sikowumiriza (n'zotheka kuti thumba la shuga kapena thumba shuga). The kuchotserapo milandu akutali: kumwa tiyi. Ndithu ambiri manauni chachimuna sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a partitive: kyubu ayezi, ndi chidutswa cha mkate.

Chachiwiri prepositional declination chibadidwe yeniyeni mapeto gulu la manauni mu chimodzi ndi chachimuna ndi. Imfa ntchito Mwachitsanzo, mu mawu otsatirawa: pa gombe, mu nduna, mu nkhondo. Komanso locative akutsindika khalidwe pa kulanda manauni ena kuthera mu declination lachitatu ndi zachikazi ndi chimodzi: chete, mu osaya, mu uvuni.

Chachiwiri accusative amapezeka ndi ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau (alembedwa, mapira, kusankha kupita, wokonzeka, umayamba, opatsidwa ndi ena.) Pambuyo pa anawagwiritsira "mu". Kuwonjezera kutsekedwa ake ndi amodzi mu nominative mochulukitsa (agwirizane oyendetsa za).

Zhdatelny mlandu pafupifupi chikugwirizana ndi genitive, koma angathe kubwezeretsedwanso chifukwa declination ena mawu ndi yemweyo kalembedwe mawonekedwe mu mawonekedwe a accusative: dikirani (lomwe aliyense?) Ndipo kudikira matelegalamu (amene?) M'bale.

Kuwerengetsera choncho ndi wosiyana pang'ono kwa nkhani genitive ndi ntchito pamene zigoli: masitepe awiri, supuni zitatu.

Vocative ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndi maonekedwe nominative, koma losiyana mu mapangidwe wodziimira fanizo, monga interjections: Van, nsima, kuimba Tan. Ndiko kuti, ndi zambiri ntchito colloquially kunena kuti mbali ina.

choncho Lishitelny ndi mtundu wa accusative Komabe, ankangomva ndi negation wa mneni: Ndilibe lamanja kudziwa choonadi.

Ndi angati miliri Chirasha, atavala Kugwirizana? Malinga kuwerengetsera athu iwo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Koma chinthu chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti ena akatswiri a zinenero ankaona wathunthu imfa ziwiri zokha: m'deralo (chachiwiri prepositional) ndi prevratitelny (wachiwiri accusative). Ena amati nkhani zhdatelny alinso ndi tanthauzo. Koma popeza lishitelny ndi genitive chachiwiri zambiri genitive akhoza m'malo, iwo angatchedwe options yekha mawonekedwe genitive wa zilakolako. Vocative ndipo anawerenga kaŵirikaŵiri osaganizira milandu. Mbali yoyamba ndi chabe nauni zinachitikira nominative, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi nauni mawonekedwe adjective lapansi.

kuti adzimvera

Nditawerenga nkhani pamwamba, mukhoza kuyankha funso za angati milandu Russian. Choncho, kusukulu tikuphunzira asanu milandu ikuluikulu. Iwo ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mtundu uliwonse polankhulana: .. Kucheza, makalata, etc. Koma popanda iwo, kuonetsetsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zilakolako, zimene zimapezeka makamaka chinenero. Ndi angati a milandu likukhalira kwambiri? Tinganene mosakayika kuti ali khumi ndi zitatu. Popeza kuti njira zina zimene mungachite zilakolako ndizo zikuluzikulu, iwo sapereka kukaphunzira ku sukulu kuti atsogolere kuphunzira. Koma tikhoza kupereka kwa dziŵani nawo vneklasnnoe nthawi chitukuko wamba.