Gulu la mavawelo. tanthauzo la phonetics

Language - mphatso yosangalatsa zedi kwa anthu. Izi wangwiro kulankhulana chida ali ndi zida zovuta ndi dongosolo mayunitsi chinenero. Pachikhalidwe, kuyambira kuphunzira chinenero, amanena phonetics wa - gawo la zilankhulo, nkhani ya amene ali phokoso la mawu ndi, makamaka, gulu la mavawelo ndi zilembo.

phonetics

Phonetics lakonzedwa kuphunzira phokoso kulankhula. Iwo ali ndi udindo wapadera, amene anatsimikiza chifukwa chakuti nkhani ya kuphunzira - mayunitsi a chinenero ndi chikhalidwe zakuthupi. Kumveka kulankhula anapanga matupi wa kulankhula ndi mpweya Phokoso anthu. Kumveka kulankhula maganizo amapezeka kumva anthu.

Phonetics ndi nkhawa ndi unit osachepera chinenero - kulankhula phokoso. Zoterezi wopandamalire chiwerengero cha phokoso. Pambuyo iye akunena iwo mu njira zawo. Koma akhoza kusiyana pakati zosiyanasiyana ichi ndi phokoso limene amanenedwa munjira yomweyo. The njira ya maphunziro - maziko gulu la phokoso.

Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuphunzira phonetics, - gulu la mavawelo ndi zilembo. Articulatory ndi lamayimbidwe kumva kulankhula mwina mavawelo ndi zilembo. Zilembo kupereka izo melodiousness. Zilembo - phokoso.

Pamene mpweya amachokera m'mapapo kudzera zingwe amapilira ndi pakamwa momasuka anapanga phokoso otchedwa mavawelo. Akusiyana kayendedwe yekha apamaliro kwaiye wa Ndilirime ndi milomo.

Koma malinga ndi phokoso amapangidwa pamene mpweya ndi zopinga mu njira yake. Iwo amakhala ndi mawu ndi phokoso kapena monga phokoso. njira zosiyanasiyana za maphunziro ndi kuthana ndi mavuto awa n'zotheka kuti kusiyanitsa zilembo Chrixitu. kusiyana zachokera gulu la mavawelo / zilembo za chinenero cha Chirasha. mfundo zake Tikambirana zina.

Phonetics gawo ndi zilankhulo, mmene anaphunzira articulation ndi mbali lamayimbidwe wa kulankhula zikumveka. Articulating phonetics chikuchita ndi kuphunzira anatomical ndi thupi chikhalidwe cha phokoso ndi asilikali ake kupanga. Lamayimbidwe Phonetics ikufotokoza phokoso zoyenda vibrational, ikuchitika ukamapita zingwe amapilira ndi pakamwa. Nzika za kuphunzira phonetics lamayimbidwe ndi kutalika, mphamvu, kutalika ndi kamvekedwe.

Lamayimbidwe gulu la mavawelo

Ankadziwa phonetics zambiri imayamba ndi kuphunzira mawu mawu. Tidzakhala sasiya miyambo imene ndi chifukwa phindu kwambiri. Iwo syllabic. Zilembo ali pafupi za mawu a.

ndi gulu la mavawelo ndi zilembo ukhala mutu wa chidwi chathu phunziro ka mavawelo mu malo oyamba chiyani?

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane makhalidwe lamayimbidwe ka mavawelo:

• phokoso onsewa anapanga pogwiritsa ntchito mawu;
• yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndipo unstressed, ndiye pali mphamvu ndi zofooka;
• mavawelo ofooka lalifupi kuwomba, pamene watero ndi safunika zingabweretse timinofu;
• mavawelo amphamvu nthawi zambiri matchulidwe ndi nkhawa zingwe amapilira.

Kamvekedwe ka mavawelo si khalidwe chosiyana. Likhoza kupatsira boma maganizo ya woyankhula kapena malingaliro kalembedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu chiganizo interrogative kamvekedwe apamwamba kutchulidwa za mawu mu mawu onyamula tanthauzo lalikulu.

phokoso ofooka ndi waufupi ankadziwikanso Russian unstressed. Amphamvu ndipo ali ambiri mantha. amatsimikiza mu chinenero chathu unfastened ndi kukachita kwambiri kugwira ntchito kalembedwe: kunyumba (U H ..), Nyumba (zambiri ..). Nthawi zina nkhawa ndi chosiyana Castle (nyumbayi), Castle (chipangizo kwa kutseka chitseko).

Gulu la mavawelo mbali articulatory. Labial / neogublennye mavawelo

Articulating gulu la mavawelo ndi okulira kwambiri kuposa wolankhulayo. Komanso mawu, iwo anapanga milomo, lilime ndi nsagwada. Sound ndi kwaiye mwa njira inayake, ndipo amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• zokhudza milomo mu mapangidwe ake;
• digiri chinenero Nyamulani;
• yopingasa kayendedwe lilime mu M'mimbamo m'kamwa.

mavawelo The akhoza kupangidwa ndi kutambasula kwa milomo, ndiye iwo amatchedwa labial (labialized). Ngati milomo sali nawo mapangidwe za mawu ndi, umatchedwa neogublennym (nelabializovannye).

mavawelo Labial anapanga ndi oumbidwa patsogolo contiguous ndi milomo mzake. Mpweya umadutsa danga yopapatiza popangidwa ndi chubu apangidwe milomo, m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano yaitali. Mlingo wa labial ndi osiyana: wa za mawu [a] ochepa, ndi za mawu [Y] amakhala ndi digiri wamkulu wa labial. Onse a mavawelo ndi neogublennymi, mwachitsanzo nelabializovannymi.

Mavawelo mu mlingo wa kayendedwe ofukula lilime, ndiye ponyamula

Mmene kuuka kwa chinenero m'kamwa, mavawulo ndi:

• Upper Nyamulani. Izo zikumveka [ndi] [m] [Y]. Iwo anapanga pamene lilime liukitsidwa mkulu ngati n'kotheka. phokoso zimenezi zimatchedwa yopapatiza kwambiri.
  
• Sing'anga kukwera - izo zikumveka [e], [Inu]. Pamene maphunziro awo chinenero kugwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi maphunziro m'mbuyomu.
  
• M'munsi Matola - phokoso [a]. Chifukwa amapangidwa pa zotheka chinenero wotsikitsitsa adatchithisira. mkokomo umenewu umatchedwanso lonse.
  

M'munsi nyamuka, anthu onse akutsegula m'kamwa mwake ndipo m'munsi nsagwada akutsikira.

The mavawelo pa kayendedwe yopingasa lilime

The mavawelo pa kayendedwe yopingasa ya lilime pa kamwa, inunso m'magulu atatu:

• Wakutsogolo - izo zikumveka [ndi] [e]. Pamene mbali kutsogolo lilime n'kofunika kuukitsa kutsogolo kwa m'kamwa.
• Middle mzere - izo zikumveka [a], [m]. Pamene maphunziro awo liukitsidwa gawo pakati pa lilime gawo pakati pa m'kamwa.
• Wakumbuyo - [Y], [Inu]. Pa mapangidwe awo kumbuyo kwa lilime anamuukitsa kwa kumbuyo kwa Palatine lapansi.

Mu zowombetsa mkota mawonekedwe a gulu la mavawelo kumaonekera kansalu ka mavawelo. Inu mukhoza kuwona m'chifanizo pansipa.

Mithunzi ya mavawelo

Division kwa chiwerengero cha kukweza ndipo alibe zizigwirizana onse koposa ndi kuchuluka ka mavawelo. Nthawi zambiri, gulu la mavawelo / zilembo za chinenero cha Chirasha ndi okulira kwambiri kuposa zapatsidwa mu mabuku sukulu maphunziro. Monga embodiments yoyamba ndi yachiwiri mwina katchulidwe. Izo zimatengera malo amene iwo kuima.

Kuwonjezera phokoso, [ndi] ndi munthu amene kutchulidwa ndi pakamwa pang'ono akumakhalira ndi lilime kukweza poyerekeza [u]. ungabva tenepa ali ndi dzina [ndi] lotseguka. galamafoniyo ndi amaimira ^[ndi]. Chitsanzo: nkhalango [l'ine ^imelo SA '].

Womasuka ndi phokoso [m ^mauthenga]. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "chitsulo" limene linkatchulidwa monga ^[e zhy l'e'zny].

Mu malo chofooka pamaso pa syllable anatsindika m'malo phokoso [a], [a] limachulidwa nelabializovanny kuwomba [/ \]. Iye anali pa udindo wa chinenero kumachitika pakati [a] ndi [Inu] Mwachitsanzo: udzu [TR / \ ndime '] kumunda [N / \ l'ndi'].

Pali zambiri wotsikirapo mavawelo, iwo amatchedwa attenuation phokoso kwambiri. Iyo [b] ndi [b]. [B] - ichi ndi phokoso avareji chiwerengero kukweza srednenizhnego. [B] - phokoso ndi phokoso Nyamulani mzere kutsogolo srednenizhnego. Zitsanzo sitima [kulima / \ vo a], madzi ^[e vd'i no'y]. Zofooketsa katchulidwe awo chifukwa remoteness ka mavawelo awa ali ndi nkhawa.

Zida ^{[ndi], [e} m] [/ \], [b], [b] kudzachitika pokhapo mu boma popanda kupanikizika.

The kudalira ka mavawelo kwa zilembo softness

Kusintha katchulidwe ka mavawelo, malingana ndi zofewa zilembo (palatalized) asamalira phonetics. Gulu la za mawu zikumveka malingana m'dera akhoza ankaimira motere:

• Za mawu [ 'm], [' e], [ 'Inu], [' Y] ikuyenda m'mwamba pang'ono ndipo imatumiza pa chiyambi cha katchulidwe lapansi.
• Ngati mavawelo awa pakati pa zilembo za zofewa kusintha articulation anakhalabe mu watero phokoso: mpongozi [z'a't '], azakhali [t'o't'a], tulle [t'u'l'].

Mitundu anatsindika mavawelo

Mu chinenero chathu pali zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi izi zikuimira zosiyanasiyana mavawelo anatsindika. Onse a iwo anapereka tebulo pansipa.

Mitundu ya mavawelo unstressed

Gulu la za mawu zikumveka wa kulankhula, musaime pansi kutsimikizira izo zimatengera pa moyandikana kapena remoteness ku maganizo ndi anawagwiritsira kapena postposition poyerekezera kuti:

• Za mawu [u], [m], [Y], ataima syllable pretonic pang'ono mphamvu articulation ake, koma zilibe wachibadidwe kusintha.
• Ngati [m] waima pambuyo sizzling zofewa ndi zovuta patsogolo, izo chikusambira ndi imatumiza kumapeto kwa watero phokoso, mwachitsanzo mu mawu yakumadzulo [Y] owona zanyama.
• Kumveka [Y] pa chiyambi cha mawu, anaimirira patsogolo pa zilembo ndi zofewa pambuyo velar zovuta kapena sizzling, aponso, basi kusuntha ndi imatumiza kumapeto kwa katchulidwe lapansi. Mwachitsanzo: [U] TYuG, yakumadzulo [U] rit.
• Za mawu [Y], ngati kuseri zofewa consonant, consonant pamaso pa zovuta, kusunthira ndi imatumiza pa chiyambi cha katchulidwe lapansi. Mwachitsanzo: [l'U] m chikondi.
• Ngati [Y] ndi pakati zilembo zofewa, limayenda ndi imatumiza pa lonse kuponyera nthawi: [l'U] kugunda.
• Za mawu [a], [a], ngati iwo ali pambuyo velar m'chiyambi cha mawu, zovuta ndi [m'ma], kutchulidwa monga [ㆄ], za mawu awa anapanga mu mzere pakati pa zochotsa ndi srednenizhnim iye nelabializovanny.
• Za mawu [a], [a], [e], ngati iwo ali pambuyo consonant zofewa, [H] [J] limachulidwa [m], amene amakhala monga nelabializovanny pafupifupi za mawu pakati [u] ndi [e], chifukwa iye chiwerengero cha maphunziro kutsogolo, zochotsa ndi sredneverhnim.
• Za mawu [e], [Inu], amene pambuyo [yakumadzulo], [x], kutchulidwa monga [inu], ndi phokoso la neperednego zino, si anayembekezera ndiponso si e, phokoso angamvele Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti " moyo kapena [inu] VAT. "
• Za mawu [a] pambuyo [yakumadzulo], [x] limachulidwa monga [ㆄ]. ungabva tenepa angamvele m'mawu "shi [ㆄ] kukhetsa."
• [Ndipo] [m], [Y] kufooketsa articulation awo wachitatu ndi wachiwiri syllables pretonic, koma khalidwe sasintha katchulidwe.
• Za mawu [Y] pamene akuimira wachiwiri ndi wachitatu syllable pretonic pamaso zilembo palatalized ndipo zikumveka olimba, palibe kusiyana kwa mawu, amalankhula syllable pretonic, izi imakhudzanso za mawu a [u] ndi [u].
• Za mawu [a], [a], [e] wachitatu ndi wachiwiri syllables pretonic pa chiyambi cha mawu tisandulika malinga ndi mtundu syllable, atayima kutsogolo kwa ka la - pa malo mavawelo anatsindika [a], [a] limachulidwa [ㆄ], ndi malo [e] ndi kutchulidwa [inu].

Kusintha za mawu zikumveka mu percussion zaudarnyh syllables zikugwirizananso ndi tebulo pansipa.

Pomaliza

Kufotokoza, tinganene kuti gulu la mavawelo zimakhudza malo a chinenero. Kupita pa kamwa, izo amalenga osiyana mapangidwe phokoso. Zazindikirika monga mavawelo osiyana.