Mphesa akudwala? Cinoni: zochizira matenda, zimayambitsa ndi kapewedwe

matenda ambiri mpesa likhoza kuwononga mbewu kapena zayamba kuchepetsa maonekedwe khalidwe la zipatso za. Pachifukwa ichi, polimbana iwo n'chofunika kwambiri. Ena mwa matenda amene Ambiri cinoni wa mphesa. Chithandizo cha matenda ikuchitika malinga ndi ndondomeko ya polimbana ndi matenda a mafangasi a zomera.

Bzalani matenda - zotsatirapo za zochita za matenda. Chifukwa chitukuko ya majeremusi tizilombo akhoza kukhala chiphaso (matenda) wathanzi zomera tizilombo pa mtima. Monga chitukuko cha matenda okhudza nyengo makhalidwe nthaka ndi zinthu zina za kukula kwa mbewu. Tizilombo, tizirombo angathe m'nthaka madera kuonongeka kwa zomera kapena pansi sinali bwino nyengo. The owopsa kwa banja Vinogradov ndi parasitic mafangasi zamoyo. Fungal matenda chomera chifukwa cha tizilombo zoipa.

Kuteteza mphesa: matenda ndi mankhwala a downy cinoni

kusamala za matenda a mafangasi ndi kufalikira mofulumira matenda. Iwo amatha amavutitsa zogwirika kuti mbewu kwa milungu ingapo ndipo mipesa youma nyengo 1-2. Mlingo wa kufala kwa matenda zimatengera mtundu wa matenda ndi nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, cinoni (a bowa wa downy cinoni) amafalitsidwa mu nyengo ya mvula, kuti pamene oidium (bowa untsinuly mphesa) pa chitukuko kwathunthu ikutha mvula.

Njira yolimbana ndi matenda ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa matenda m'dera kukula. Mu gawo pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia amadwala mphesa cinoni. Chithandizo cha matenda a mafangasi ndi motere:

• njira zoyezera - kupopera mankhwala odana ndi mafangasi kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale mphukira zosafunika garter mpesa kuchotsa masamba matenda ndi nthambi, kuchotsa namsongole, etc;..
• kukonza ndi kupititsa patsogolo nchito maziko zaulimi;
• yopewera kufala kwa zagwidwa matenda ndi zipatso - kwaokha.

Cinoni - zoopsa kwambiri mafangasi matenda

Cinoni - cinoni, amene tizilomboto ndi bowa plazmopara vitikolya. Mtundu wa matenda ndi vuto lalikulu kwa mitundu European mphesa. Parasitic chamoyo amakhudza aliyense wobiriwira mpesa: chivundikiro mitundu ziwalo vegetative, masamba ndi zipatso.

Kuphwanya masamba ndi zipatso, bowa kwathunthu kuwononga mbewu. mipesa Deciduous kuphimba mchikakamizo cha bowa ndi uphwetsa, ndiye pali subsidence ake. Kuchepa lakuthwa m'dera la pamwamba tsamba disrupts yakucha moyenera chipatso. Berry tchire odwala sizitha thanzi ndi maswiti anapanga vinyo kuchokera iwo wowawasa kukoma. Wodwala mpesa zipse zoipa, izo limakhudza anthu kulimbikira kuzizira chitsamba yozizira.

Mafangayi zokhudza chomera, makamaka mofulumira osauka inflorescences wamng'ono peduncles osiyana kapena zitunda. m'madera matenda kutembenukira bulauni, onse n'kuwasanganiza ndi inflorescences amene m'munsimu kufa. Mothandizidwa bowa mvula mwachangu kufalikira ndi kuwononga mbewu.

mawu kufalitsa cinoni

matenda a mafangasi overwinters monga spores pa masamba wagwa mphesa ndi nthaka. M'chaka, pamene nthaka chinyowe kwambiri ndi kutentha kusungidwa kwa masiku 7-8 pa madigiri 10, pali kutupa ndi kumera wa spores mafangasi.

Pamene iwo ali mu chilengedwe chinyezi kapena mvula puddles, iwo anayamba mwachangu kukula. Mu ndondomekoyi iwo kupanga chilengedwe moyo mapangidwe zoospores (zoosporangia). Pamene zoospores ndi kupangidwa, iwo akutsatiridwa ndi mphepo pa tchire, ndi bowa akuyamba tiziromboti matenda mphesa downy cinoni. Chithandizo, malongosoledwe a matenda ndi kupewa ake tikambirana zina.

Kufotokozera cinoni

Zowoneka, chitukuko cha matenda ikuyamba ndi yamawangamawanga ka chikasu, pa nthawi kuphimba dera lonse la chipepalacho. Kumasonyeza kufala kwa matenda ndi maonekedwe a mfuti woyera mu mmunsi mwa pepala anapanga pambuyo mvula. masamba kachilombo kutembenukira chikasu ndi kufa kwathunthu. Dziwani cinoni pa mpesa akhoza kukhala pa mawanga ngati madontho aang'ono brownish hue.

Kuopsa kwambiri akuimira bakiteriya kwa inflorescences achichepere, anapanga padziko sporulation awo a bowa ndi. masamba Young mchikakamizo cha downy cinoni akuphedwa - zipatso ali wakuda, kukoka tsinya ndi kutha. Wofalitsa nthendayo anaima pa youma otentha nyengo, mpweya kutentha pamwamba 30 madigiri.

malamulo General kwa matenda

Ngati cinoni kachilombo mphesa, chithandizo imagwiridwa ndi kupopera mankhwala kuwononga foci chachikulu matenda. Pamaso mphesa akuyamba pachimake, tchire sprayed ndi mankhwala odana ndi mafangasi. Siteji yotsatira kupopera ndi akuyamba yomweyo pambuyo chiyambi cha maluwa ndi maonekedwe a zipatso ang'ono (kukula kwa machesi mutu). Taganizirani njira yochitira ndi matenda zambiri.

Njira zinthu zimene cinoni

Mbali yaikulu ya gulu la nkhondo ndi kuonetsetsa zinthu zimene kupewa chitukuko cha matenda. Infection, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha cinoni, amakhala ku malo achinyezi mu otsika, amene akhala anachedwa mvula puddles, mame ndi chifunga. Zovuta ntchito agronomic kumathandiza kuti aeration bwino zomera kumathandiza kudzikundikira chinyezi kwambiri pafupi mpesa.

Monga tanenera, cinoni spores overwinter mu masamba wagwa mphesa. Mu autumn, pambuyo yokolola, masamba zidzatenthedwa.

Kupopera mipesa ziphe, amapha bowa, - njira yabwino kwambiri kusunga zokolola. Monga ulamuliro, iwo anapanga ndi 1% njira ya madzi Bordeaux. Kutsatira woyamba kupopera njira ya 0,5%, ndi processing wotsatira imagwiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka ndende ya ku 0,75% kuti 2%. The zili otsika wa chinthu yogwira sapereka yankho masamba antifungal lamoto ndi mphukira ali ndi kachilombo downy cinoni wa mphesa. Chithandizo (chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikusonyeza ndondomeko) kumafuna kupopera mipesa thanki osakaniza kuti matenda kupewa.

Antifungal kutsitsi osakaniza mphesa

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana miyambo ndi mankhwala kulimbana downy cinoni wa mphesa. mankhwala wowerengeka mankhwala monga kupewa. An njira ya mankhwala - utsi zothetsera munali zigawo mankhwala yogwira. njira antifungal muli nthaka ndi mkuwa sulphate. Kwambiri mosavuta komanso zothandiza wothandizila ndi Bordeaux madzimadzi kutsitsi mowa.

Zosakaniza munali zigawo zosiyanasiyana kupopera zomera, wotchedwa akasinja. Thanki kasakaniza mankhwala downy cinoni wa mphesa muli mankhwala yogwira - mkuwa sulphate. Bordeaux osakaniza kuyimitsidwa madzimadzi tichipeza slaked laimu mu laimu madzi ndi mkuwa sulphate.

Zochita za yogwira chigawo Bordeaux osakaniza

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti yankho pa ndende ya oposa 3% ya sulphate mkuwa amatha kuwotcha pamwamba pa masamba mphesa. Main chigawo panopa Bordeaux madzimadzi khalidwe mofulumira kuvunda mu madzi, kotero mvula mu osakaniza yochepa achire inachotsedwa pamalo wa mpesa.

Njira sulphate mkuwa bola kugwira zotheka padziko chomera, siiyenela kusakaniza ndi madzi ndi mkaka wa laimu. Laimu neutralizes acidic mkuwa sulphate madzi amakhala viscous ndi yomata. Mkawo wa masamba mpesa, chinthu unachitikira kwa nthawi yaitali padziko mchikakamizo cha mvula.

Pofuna kuthana ndi cinoni wa mphesa, mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa njira, womwe wapangidwa ndi miyezo ya sayansi. Ubwino ndi makhalidwe Mkhalidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse.

Atchule waukulu yogwira chigawo chimodzi - sulphate mkuwa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ufa lilibe zosafunika lachitatu chipani, ndi mtundu ndi yowala buluu. Laimu njira yothetsera onse hydrated ndi quicklime. Komabe ndi bwino kuchita lakhala mu ndondomeko kukonzekera njira. Iwo svezhegashenoy laimu amapereka bwino guluu wolimba wa mankhwala pamwamba pa masamba mphesa.

Kufanana Bordeaux osakaniza njira

kukonzekera zonse zochizira downy cinoni mu mphesa ndi anakonzeratu otetezeka ndende ya chigawo yogwira. Anthu ambiri sulphate mkuwa njira Bordeaux osakaniza akhoza osiyanasiyana monga 0.5% kuti 3%, okhutira apamwamba yogwira masamba mankhwala lamoto. Kukonzekera malita 10 kukonzekera ndi ndende ya 1% yogwira pophika ayenera kutenga 100 ga quicklime , ndi sulphate yomweyo mkuwa. Kusanganikirana ikuchitika chidebe, amene zinthu kugonjetsedwa ndi zochita mankhwala ndipo alibe anatani ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za njira. Njira - galasi kapena chidebe ceramic zosavomerezeka ntchito kanasonkhezereka kapena zitsulo muli.

Kukonzekera osakaniza wasukuluka ndi lita imodzi ya mkuwa sulphate madzi otentha. Kamodzi ufa uli kusungunuka, wothiridwa chiwiya cha malita wina 5 madzi ozizira. Payokha, 100 ga wozimitsa ntchito okonzeka laimu, kenako madzi otsala anawonjezera ndi buku la mtondo malita 5. The yokonza laimu fyuluta. Mkaka chifukwa cha laimu anawonjezera pang'onopang'ono njira ya sulphate mkuwa. The ndondomeko ya kaphatikizidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu limodzi ndi yogwira mtima nthawi zonse.

Adzakhululukidwa anazindikira kuti laimu slurry anawonjezera njira ya sulphate mkuwa, osati mosemphanitsa. Ndi molumikiza unreduced kuyimitsidwa chifukwa adzakhala sizithandiza kulimbana cinoni, zigawo yogwira adzagwera matope a.

Makhalidwe sanakonzekere chiphunzitso

Bordeaux njira madzimadzi lomwe zakonzedwa malinga ndi luso ali ndi mtundu buluu ndi kapangidwe mucosa, chimakhulupirira kuti zala. Mtundu chizindikiro ndende ya mankhwala yogwira. Mwachitsanzo, zobiriwira limasonyeza kuti mkuwa sulphate ndi anawonjezera owonjezera, ndi kupopera madzi masamba lamoto mphesa.

Mphesa downy cinoni odwala? Chithandizo: mmene angagwirire processing Bordeaux osakaniza?

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti oyenera okha zochizira njira mwatsopano yokonzekeratu ndi mphesa. Bordeaux osakaniza pa yosungirako wotaya katundu zothandiza ndipo ndale kuti majeremusi mafangasi.

Ngati zithunzi anayendera anasonyeza kuti akuvutika mphesa downy cinoni, chithandizo cha Bordeaux osakaniza njira ndi njira mulingo woyenera. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha yophika zikutanthauza mwachidule choviikidwa zitsulo misomali. Ngati inu kuchotsa misomali, iye si ataphimbidwa ndi pang'onopang'ono, yankho otetezedwa kwa zomera. Maonekedwe a mbewu zabwino padziko msomali ndi kunena za khalidwe osauka a madzi Bordeaux ndipo zili mkulu wa yogwira pophika. Mu nkhani imeneyi, zina kuchepetsedwa ndi laimu matope.

Komabe, kuwononga mphesa ndi angathe Bordeaux osakaniza anakonza malinga ndi luso, ngati kupopera imachitidwa tsiku lotentha womutsata Mvula itagwa. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo amayaka pa mbewu, processing chikachitika m'bandakucha kapena madzulo.

Kupewa matenda tizilombo ndi mafangasi a mphesa

Zotsatira pazipita wapatsidwa ntchito kuteteza mafangasi ndi matenda tizilombo. kukonza njira ikuchitika m'nyengo ya nyengo zitatu: masika, chilimwe ndi autumn. Panthawi imeneyi, alimi madzi tchire, kudula mpesa ndi kupititsa chonde, feteleza nthaka.

Pamaso kupopera mphesa ayenera kuchotsa masamba zowonongeka, osagwirizana mphukira owonjezera, ndipo muvale ndodo. Zinyalala mu mawonekedwe a masamba kachilombo ndi mphukira wa matenda kwenikweni kuwotcha kuteteza chitukuko matenda.

Kusamalira mphesa yokolola

Nkofunika kwambiri kutsatira mankhwalawa downy cinoni pa mphesa July. M'chaka, pamaso yokolola, alimi kuchita kupopera tchire zofunika. Chithunzi processing njira Bordeaux osakaniza - pa masabata 3, kuyambira chiyambi cha July. Kupopera mphesa mankhwala antifungal itha sabata loyamba August ndipo si yetsapo yokonza mipesa.