Ndi kabichi zimene: kalasi, maonekedwe, chithunzi, kulima

Aliyense akudziwa kuti kabichi ndi zothandiza kwambiri ndi masamba chokoma. Lodzala ndi mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu zofunika ndi thupi la munthu. Popanda kabichi ndi kuphika supu. Ake thovu, stewed, kuzifutsa, ndi zina zotero. D. Mu masamba atsopano kuti ntchito saladi zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, eni mwini munda zambiri wamkulu zomera.

Pali mitundu yambiri. Pali mitundu monga burokoli ndi kolifulawa zikumera, kabichi, Brussels zikumera, pali ngakhale amayambitsa nyama. Aliyense ali peculiarities yake. Kukula zokoma, chilimwe mlendo ayenera kudziwa zosiyanasiyana mbewu ndi mbali yake. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale wosakanikirana mtundu wake wa kabichi.

makhalidwe General

Kuphunzira funso chimene chimachitika kabichi, ayenera kulabadira makhalidwe ake. mitundu yonse kupatula Beijing, tsamba, Chinese ndi akuda mitundu ndi biennial zomera. Pamene kuswana ndi kuonedwa kuti ndi masamba. M'chaka choyamba cha mitundu biennial kukhala Rosette masamba ndi ziwalo yosungirako (mutu). Kusonkhanitsa mbewu kulima, kudikira mpaka chaka chamawa.

mitundu yonse ya kabichi akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 3. The zosiyanasiyana oyambirira ndi wokonzeka zosonkhanitsira mkati miyezi 2-3 pambuyo zikamera. Avereji ya zokolola mitundu mbewu pambuyo miyezi 3-5, ndipo kenako - pambuyo miyezi 5-7.

Malinga zolinga kuswana, m'pofunika kuwerengera nthawi zopereka. Ngati mukufuna kasupe kabichi saladi atsopano, ndithudi kusankha zikhalidwe oyambirira-mtundu. mitundu mochedwa oyenera kukolola masamba kwa dzinja.

mmera

Pofuna kuika m'munda wake masamba lodabwitsa ili, muyenera kudziwa kumene ilo limakula kabichi, ngati chodzala mbewu yake. Nthawi yabwino kwa mbewu kuswana ankaona February - May. Pankhaniyi, onetsetsani kuti kuganizira, pamene kudikira zokolola.

Mbewu yabwino anabzala miphika ndi peat. Mbande chiyani sadzalekerera Thirani. Choncho, zinatsala akasinja izi. Pamene mbande adzakhala masiku 40-60, iwo anabzala mu nthaka mu beseni, kumene anakulira. Mukhoza kuchita izi pang'ono kale, koma m'pofunika kupeza zinthu womasuka kwambiri.

Ngati ndi masika oyambirira kubzala ikuchitika mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi. Apa frosts sizidzawapweteka zomera. Iwo amakula ngati chilengedwe ndi wamphamvu ndi wathanzi, wokonzeka kukula kutchire.

History of kulima

Mbande kabichi, mitundu amene amadziwika kuti ife lero, kukula mu makama a anthu akale 4 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo. masamba Izi anaonekera mu Central, Western Mediterranean ndipo wakhala ntchito monga chakudya akale Aroma, Iguputo ndiponso Girisi. A wachibale wa kabichi, kumene mitundu yamakono ya Kochan, tsamba zosiyanasiyana.

Mu ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha chitukuko ndi malonda a zomera, ntchito chakudya, anayamba kukula ndi m'madera a kummawa. Mogwirizana ndi mawu a nyengo, nthaka anayamba kuoneka mitundu yatsopano ya kabichi.

Mu dziko lathu, mbewu izi ziyenera 13-15 m'ma kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Kabichi ndi mwamphamvu mu moyo wa anthu a Russia. Apa wakhala nakulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo ndi tsopano exporting maiko oyandikana nawo. M'zaka za m'ma 19 panali 22 zosiyanasiyana kabichi. Ena mwa iwo ndi wapadera.

Mu chisanadze chosintha nthawi minda yathu tinayamba kukula mbewu kunja kwa zomera. Interbreeding ndi mitundu mbadwa, adampatsa zambiri mitundu yatsopano. Kuyambira cha m'ma 20, obereketsa anabweretsa mitundu ndi kuchuluka zokolola, kukana kuti zinthu nyengo.

hybrids

Lero dziko lathu kukula mitundu onse m'deralo ndi kunja ankaimira chikhalidwe. chiwerengero chawo okwana okwana 133 mitundu. Palinso mitundu ina ya kabichi hybrids. Afufuze pentopeni F1.

Mu zikuchokera kwawo m'gulu 24 ndi 58 anawoloka mbewu chongopeka kunja. Obereketsa ntchito umenewu n'zotheka kulenga mitundu amene kugonjetsedwa ndi nyengo siili bwino.

Kusonkhanitsa zokolola nyengo zosiyana, n'zotheka kudya masamba izi mu chaka. Mitundu oyambirira zipse mu April. Mochedwa kabichi chipereka kukolola mpaka October. N'zotheka kusunga masamba kwa nthawi yaitali.

kabichi

Mmodzi wa ambiri mu dziko lathu ndi kabichi. Kalasi, malongosoledwe n'zogwirizana gulu anagawa mu oyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa. Sitiyenera kukhala wamkulu mu malo omwewo.

Mmera limakula bwino pafupi ndi anyezi, mbatata, tomato ndi nkhaka. nthaka zakonzedwa mu kugwa. anakumba ndi kupanga feteleza ake (manyowa, humus) mu kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 4 / m². M'chaka pansi kumasula. M'pofunikanso kuti fetereza. Zitsime anakwiriridwa mbande. The dzenje wodzazidwa humus ndi feteleza. Kenako, madzi udzathiridwa mu iwo. Pamene odzipereka, kuyamba mu aliyense bwino kukhazikitsa mbande. kachitidwe kawo muzu ayenera kumugenda a dziko lapansi.

Mtunda pa ikamatera ayenera kukhala 75h35, 60x40 kapena 50x50 cm. Mu masiku oyambirira a kutsirira ikuchitika padziko mbewu iliyonse tsiku. Patatha milungu 1.5-2 akhoza madzi ndi malo okwana mabedi maluwa.

Wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko lathu ndi mitundu monga oyambirira: Number wina Gribovsky 147 (mutu 1-1.5 kg), The June (1-12 kg); Mid-: 1432 Golden mahekitala (1.2-2 makilogalamu) Stakhanovite 1513 (1.5-2.5 makilogalamu); Okulirapo: Amateurs 611 (2.5-3 makilogalamu) Hibernation 1474 (3.5-4 kg).

Sikochi wapa kale na

Mwa kuphunzira zimene zimachitika kabichi, m'pofunika kuganizira mtundu uwu monga mtundu ofiira. subspecies ili gulu m'mbuyomu chikhalidwe. Iwo kusiyana ndi chibakuwa yofiira mtundu wa masamba ndi kabichi mutu. Ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa zomera ozizira. Izo ntchito saladi, kuphatikizapo zakudya. Izi nkhaka masamba. Mankhwala zimatha zomera ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka.

chikhalidwe inabzalidwa pansi lotseguka. mawu ake kukula kwa masiku 160. Chisamaliro ndi kubzala mbewu opangidwa ngati kabichi. Popular mitundu - Chitsanzo F1 (4 kg) Firebird (3 kg), Juno (1.2 kg).

savoy

Savoy kabichi (chithunzi anapereka kenako) ali wogwa masamba. Iwo anaphimba ndi thovu ndi monyanyira. Iwo kudya mwatsopano kapena pambuyo kutentha mankhwala. Kusungidwa masamba iyi si malinga ndi wachibale wa kabichi. Koma kukoma ndi makhalidwe zakudya kwambiri kuposa otsiriza.

chikhalidwe Savoy ali okhutira mkulu wa vitamini C, mchere ndi mapuloteni zigawo zikuluzikulu. zosiyanasiyana Izi wakula chimodzimodzi monga mitundu m'mbuyomu. M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo za ikamatera mbande ake.

Popular kalasi - chikats 1 (3 kg), Ufulu 2170 (0.8 makilogalamu), Kuchuluka (2.5 kg).

kohlrabi

Savoy kabichi, chithunzi limene linakhazikitsidwa pamwambapa, kusiyana ndi makhalidwe ake zakudya, koma kusungidwa bwino. Choncho Hostess zitsulo kalasi ntchito monga kohlrabi mu yokonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Izi phesi kabichi ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kuti ntchito soups, saladi. masamba Izi akupanga zokolola lalikulu ndi okhutira mkulu wa vitamini C. Iwo wakula mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi njira yotseguka. Zimagwidwa anabzala pa mtunda wa 25x15 cm.

Kukolola chikuchitika pamene zimayambira kukhala 8-10 masentimita awiri. Mu dziko lathu nthawi zambiri wamkulu Picante (0.5-0.9 makilogalamu), Vienna White 1350 (2.5 kg).

Brussels zikumera

Gwero la mapuloteni kwa thupi kukhala Brussels zikumera. Ndi chizindikiro Izi zinkayimira kalasi patsogolo belokochannaja gulu 1.5. zomera ali ndi tsinde wamtali, amene ali ang'ono kochanchiki kukhala mu axils masamba ang'ono.

Pa chitukuko cha dongosolo n'kofunika kulimbikitsa pepala kudya zomera nitric. Pamene kukula kochanchiki akuyamba, m'pofunika ntchito phosphorous-potaziyamu fetereza. Kukula zikumera kutchire amakhala ngati ndondomeko m'malo yaitali. Mbande anayikidwa mu zitsime pa pafupipafupi 60x60 kapena 70x70 cm. Mbewu Izi sayenera ulimi zambiri. Only mu makamaka nthawi youma n'kofunika younikira mlingo okwanira chinyezi nthaka.

alimi zoweta wamkulu mitundu monga Hercules 1342 (20-30 kochanchiki), kasiya (60-70 kochanchiki).

kolifulawa

Kupenda zimene kabichi ndi, sitingathe kunyalanyaza zosiyanasiyana ena otchuka. mutu wake yadyedwa, izo zikuwoneka ngati mwamphamvu proliferating inflorescence. Choncho dzina la zosiyanasiyana ndi. kolifulawa izi.

Mwamsanga kwambiri lidzaimba. Patangotha masiku 15-20 mutabzala zomera mu nthaka, mutu wake ndi kale oyenera chakudya. masamba Ichi ndi zofewa ndi minofu. Konzani mu njira zonse zotheka.

Best chikhalidwe onse amakula pa kutentha madigiri 14-17. Mu chinyezi ichi ndi nthaka akhoza kukhala otsika. Chomera salola amphamvu youma mphepo. Asanadzalemo dziko ukala ndi manyowa, humus. The mtanda loyamba mbande anawonjezera kuti zitsime kumapeto kwa April. Kenako, mukhoza kuitana wina 2-3 ndi masiku 10 imeneyi. Kukolola ikuchitika miyezi 2-2.5.

Today kufunika mitundu ngati matalala lonse (650-850 g), Express (350-500 g).

burokoli

Burokoli ndi kolifulawa ndi achibale apafupi. Koma oyamba ndi tastier. Mu burokoli mutu mwachisawawa apangidwe. Chakudya ndi yabwino ndipo pansi pa mphukira. Choncho zosiyanasiyana chimenechi chimatchedwanso burokoli.

Mtundu uwu wa wodzichepetsa kuti zikhalidwe kukula. Zimakhala yomweyo vyseevat mu nthaka kumapeto April. Ngati mukufuna kusonkhanitsa kukolola mu kugwa, iye pansi June. Ndi zotheka kudzala mbewu. Zimakhala amphamvu kwambiri tsiku 35-45 pambuyo zikamera wa mphukira. zitsime imeneyi ndi 20x50 cm. Koyenera kumasula nthaka, mabedi udzu ndi kuthirira iwo. Ambiri wamkulu mitundu Linda (0.5 makilogalamu), Monterey (1.9 kg).

Kale

Ngati zone nyengo yodziwika ndi waufupi chilimwe, ndi bwino kuganizira monga njira ina m'malo kuswana kale na. Ichi ndi chomera biennial. Atapatsa kalasilo zikuphatikizapo forage ndi mitundu yokongola.

mitundu yonse ya tsamba kabichi angagwiritsidwe ntchito yokonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka pambuyo chisanu. Koma ambiri a mitundu amalimidwa monga yokongola chomera m'munda. Culture ali ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala woboola pakati pinnate masamba. mtundu zawo zimasiyanasiyana wobiriwira violet.

zosiyanasiyana Izi zingabzalidwe mu njira mmera lotseguka pansi. Izo sikutanthauza wambirimbiri chinyezi.

Mapepala kabichi kupanga saladi ntchito monga zowonjezera pa pickling. Dziwani kuti pepala gulu mulinso ena mitundu kabichi Chinese. Komabe, chikhalidwe akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu Kochan ndi mitundu polukochannoy. Mosiyana ndi mitundu tsamba, kabichi ndi wovuta kwambiri pa madzi a. Koma zipatso zake ndi mkulu chifukwa cha lalifupi kukhwima.

katundu zakudya ndi mankhwala

Kaya mitundu, kale na ali mtengo wapatali zakudya. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ntchito monga chakudya zakudya. Lake yokazinga, stewed, marinated ndi kudya yaiwisi.

Malinga ndi kukula, ndi masamba afika akonzedwa ena katundu. Ngati madzi wakhala zikusowa, mu kabichi adzakhala zochepa shuga. Pa akadakwanitsira kutentha ndi kuwala zinthu izo amalowerera kudziunjikira kwambiri vitamini C. The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo pang'ono masamba mapuloteni. Koma bwino chosakanikirana ndi thupi la munthu.

Komanso, masamba ichi ndi gwero wachuma wa mavitamini. Wa micronutrients zimene zimapezeka calcium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, sulfure, chlorine. Izi zili zothandiza osati atsopano komanso kuzifutsa mawonekedwe. Izo ntchito monga chida zina mu derivation miyala kwa chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndulu, ndi kuwongolera chimbudzi.

Kusankha kabichi zosiyanasiyana kwa pickling, muyenera kulabadira Slavyanka, Yuzhanka 31 Biryuchekutskuyu 138 Volzhanka 9. Izi mbewu mkulu ololera. Iwo ndi mutu waukulu. Iwo amaonetsera mkulu shuga okhutira kuti umabweretsa nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko khalidwe. Onse mavitamini ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana kabichi alipo ndi zochitika mu njira kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi.

Anthu amene amakonda chakudya mu mankhwala, kumaonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, akupeza bwino chimbudzi. Choncho, akatswiri a zinthu zakudya amalangiza kudya masamba osiyanasiyana matenda ndi kupewa. A zosiyanasiyana sukulu zilipo lero amalola kukatenga chilichonse Baibulo la chakudya mankhwala malinga ndi kukoma kwanu.

Poganizira ndi zimene kabichi, mukhoza kusankha zosiyanasiyana zabwino m'munda wako. kuisamalira zidzathandiza kusonkhanitsa kukolola wolemera. Nthawi zonse kudya chakudya masamba, thanzi, chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndipo ngakhale kuchotsa matenda ena.