Ndi mbadwa za Chimereka ndi mbiri yawo

Mawu akuti "American" amagwirizana ndi anthu ambiri pa dziko ndi munthu wa maonekedwe European. N'zoona, tikhoza kuganiza ndi Black. Komabe, mbadwa za Chimereka kuyang'ana pang'ono cholakwika. Ndipo amadziwika pansi pa dzina "Amwenye." Iwo anachoka kwa lingaliro ndi?

Amwenye ndi Indians: chifukwa maina awa ofanana?

Natenepa lero, ndi mbadwa za Chimereka zambiri amatchedwa Amwenye. mawu ofanana ndi dzina la mtundu wina: Amwenye. Mwachisawawa Kodi kufanana izi? Mwina Amwenye ndi Amwenye wamba mizu m'mbiri?

Ndipotu, mbadwa za Chimereka otchedwa mosazindikira: Spanish ofufuza kutsogoleredwa ndi Christopher Columbus anafunafuna njira yochepa ku World Old ku India. Kuli iwo sanali kudziwa Africa American. Choncho, popeza anakumana ndi anthu omwe anali oyamba maiko atsopano, amaganiza kuti linali okhala India. Malinga Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe, Amwenye woyamba sali autochthonous anthu. zaka 30 zikwi zapitazo, iwo anabwera kuno ku Asia kudutsa Bering dziko mlatho.

Achokera dzina "Indians"?

Ndi mbadwa za Chimereka kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera pansi akuti "Indians". Iye alibe khalidwe oipa, amene anaphatikiza mawu "wakuda" mwachibale kwa African-American anthu a United States.

Nthawi zambiri Amwenye amadzitcha redskins, zosiyana ndi colonizers woyera. Tikawonetsetsa, mawu akuti "Caucasus" Maso awo ali ndi mtundu negative. Mawu amenewa anaonekera chifukwa Beothuk fuko. Inali pa Canada chilumba cha Newfoundland. Akukhulupirira kuti Beothuk anali oyamba funsani osati ndi azungu anabwera, koma ngakhale ndi Scandinavia, amene, malinga ndi malipoti ena, panali America kale Columbus.

Beothuk sanali chabe khalidwe la khungu, komanso makamaka ntchito kwa nkhope zofiira kwambiri, zimatsutsana ndi colonizers woyera. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse Amwenye muli ndi dzina. Beothuk fuko unatha mu zoyambirira za m'ma 19.

kulamulira

Ndi mbadwa za Chimereka (Indians) Sakanapita mophweka kusiya malire awo. Kuyambira nthawi ya Columbus mpaka m'ma 20 anali kulamulira m'dzikoli. Mu chilungamo, tiyeni tinene - imfa zowawa mbali zonse, pamaso pa anthu a ku Ulaya kwathunthu anazolowera pano.

N'zochititsa chidwi, koma choyamba anachokera ku Ulaya anatha mwanjira ina kuti mulimbane ndi Amwenye. zinthu zinasintha pamene chitukuko cha mayiko amenewa anakhala cholinga ndale. Mu America anasefukira French, British, Spanish, Chipwitikizi Chirasha. Nkhondo ndi kusokonekera kwa dziko, ndi njira, inachitika osati pakati pa Ulaya ndi Amwenye.

Anthu zakwawoko la America - chikumenyana mitundu. mikangano zonse, nkhondo pakati pa mafuko - chodabwitsa kawirikawiri mu Africa wa. N'zochititsa chidwi, koma atsamunda woyamba ku World Old zinangotengera mbali m'nkhondo pakati pa mafuko.

Mukhoza kuona kuti ena amwenye nawo nkhondo kumbali ya azungu. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti magazi wosamwerana madzi inatenga osati kwa zaka zambiri koma kwa zaka zambiri. Choncho, thandizo la alendo polimbana ndi adani zachilengedwe mafuko ena ankaona chifukwa wopatulika, "chifuniro cha atate ndi makolo."

Azungu komanso sanali ogwirizana ndi umodzi. Pakhala mikangano mu m'midzi yosiyanasiyana atsamunda, ndipo ngakhale nkhondo pakati pa mayiko. Mwachitsanzo, ankhondo yogwira pakati England ndi France m'zaka za m'ma 19 zinachitika ndendende pa gawo American.

Choncho, tinganene kuti kulamulira m'dzikoli zinachitika osati mu mawonekedwe a awonongedwe Unyinji wa mitundu European akulimbana anthu ameneŵa, ndipo anali owirikiza koyilo Kuzindikira zaka zakubadwa mikangano. Mu Latin America, Spain ndi Portugal atsamunda ankachitika chiwembuchi okwana anthu zakwawoko wa Inca, Aztec, Maya. Zimene zikuchitika ku North America zinali zosiyana.

Kuloŵerera za m'ma 19

Azungu ankakhulupirira Indians monga akunjawo, mbuli, chifukwa cha njira yawo yachilendo a moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu. Nthawi zambiri amabala zosiyanasiyana malamulo analetsa chinenero Native American, chipembedzo, miyambo, ndi ena. Boma adafunafuna njira kuphunzira anthu zakwawoko.

bwino anali akuyesetsa kuteteza Indians ku chochuluka a anthu nkhokwe lakutali. Izi kudzikonda zili m'mudzi lerolino. Inde, miyoyo ya anthu mbali zambiri za masiku moyo: zovala, nyumba ndi zoyendera. Komabe, iwo ali woona kwa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya makolo awo ambiri: kusunga chilankhulo, chipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe cha zinsinsi za mizimu, etc. Mwa njira, chilankhulidwe cha fuko lililonse yake ..

Pomenyera ufulu wa Indians

Zoyambirira za m'ma 20 chinali chiyambi cha kulimbana kwa ufulu wa anthu zakwawoko. Mu 1924 lamulo zapita amene anapereka nzika zonse kwa Amwenye onse. Nthawi imeneyi sanayende momasuka m'dzikoli, kuti nawo chisankho, kuphunzira m'masukulu ambiri ndi yunivesite. Mu chaka chomwecho ife anathetsa malamulo onse amene mwanjira oponderezedwa ufulu wawo.

Panali Anthu amene akumenyana kubweranso kwa dziko mozemba osankhidwa Amwenye, komanso malipiro kuwonongeka anavutika. Ngakhale analenga wapadera Indian Madandaulo Commission. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, mbadwa ya United States anali ndi yothandiza: yekha zaka 30 wa Commission, boma analipira pafupifupi mamiliyoni 820 madola malipiro, ofanana ndi madola mabiliyoni angapo, zochokera panopa mlingo kuwombola.

Native malo

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa azungu amene ankalamulira mu chimene tsopano ndi United States ndi Canada, panali 75 miliyoni Amwenye. Lero, chithunzi ichi zambiri wodzichepetsa: oposa 5 miliyoni anthu, umene ndi pafupifupi 1.6% ya anthu okwana US.

Kodi mbadwa za Chimereka moyo? boma Wonse kulibe. Mafuko a miyambo yosiyanasiyana, njira ya moyo, mlingo wa chitukuko. Motero aliyense fuko wotanganidwa dziko lawo. Mwachitsanzo, fuko la Pueblo Indians litatenga dera la masiku ano limati la New Mexico ndi Arizona. Navajo - Dera la kum'mwera chakumadzulo United States, pafupi Pueblo. The Iroquois ankakhala m'mayiko a makono limati la Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois. Chakumpoto kwa Iroquois moyo Hurons, amene poyamba anayamba kuchita malondawo ndi azungu. Mohican fuko moyo pa dera la masiku ano limati wa New York ndi Vermont, Chicheroke kumene kuli anthu masiku ano North ndi South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Virginia.

"America Native" - ndalama kwa okhometsa

Chidwi chikhalidwe Indian silinathe lero. Mwapadera ndalama zakuti "mbadwa za Chimereka" (m'munsimu muli chithunzi) anapangidwa kwa okhometsa. Izi ndalama imodzi-dollar zopangidwa ndi mkuwa, TACHIMATA ndi mkuwa manganese. kubereketsa zomera Izi nthaŵi yochepa, ndi chithandizo tima mtundu wapachiyambi achotsa kwathunthu, kotero iwo lingapezeke mu Ndalama. Dzina lenileni la ndalama mndandanda - "madola Sakagaveyi" polemekeza atsikana ku fuko Shoshone.

Iye ankadziwa zambiri zinenero zosiyanasiyana ndiponso m'zilembo za amwenye, anathandiza Lewis ndi Clark ulendo. Pa ndalama zachitsulo ndi chifaniziro chake. Monga Sakagaveyi zinachitika anasankhidwa mtsikana 22 wazaka fuko chomwecho - Randy Teton.