Mfumukazi Kseniya Godunova: yochepa mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso

Moyo wa Mfumukazi Ksenii Borisovny Godunovoy bwino kwambiri amasonyeza zomwenso Nthawi ya Mavuto. tsoka lake ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi nthano, mwatsoka kuti analibe mathero osangalala ... Only pa chiyambi, panali chiyembekezo cha kalonga wokongola, koma iye analephera. Only kumapeto kwa moyo Xenia anatha kudalira mwayi, koma kuti iye sanayembekezere. Za moyo zonse za masoka Nkhaniyo idzafotokoza.

magwero

Godunova Kseniya Borisovna anabadwa mu 1582. bambo ake, Boris Godunov, anali pa nthawi equerry pa bwalo la Ivana Groznogo. Ngakhale kuti unali udindo wake atsate mahatchi mfumu, pamene malo anali yapamwamba kwambiri, monga timatha inu kukhala pafupi ndi kazembe. Ndi mkwatibwi pa kuchoka kwa mfumu wachiwiri wake ndi kuthetsa mavuto onse. Izi singalifotokoze positi wina mkulu, Boris - kazembe wa Astrakhan ndi Kazan ufumu. Xenia mayi, Mary, anali mchemwali wake wa wotchuka kwambiri ndiponso wankhanza ankatumikira ankakonda Ivana Groznogo, Malyuta Skuratov.

Titsimikizidwa m'nthawi maonekedwe Xenia

Prince Katyrev-Rostovsky mu "nthano" amafotokoza mmene Xenia wapadzadziko okongola ndi ochenjera. Mlembi ananena kuti kalonga ankasiyana maganizo modabwitsa, iye chimalimbikitsa onse amene anamvera, malankhulidwe euphonious. Iwo anakopeka khungu moyera-, masaya duwa, wamkulu wakuda maso chonyezimira, Kasungu nsidze. Katyrev-Rostovsky ananena kuti msungwanayo anali akuluakulu chithunzi. Godunova Kseniya Borisovna si kukula otsika kapena mkulu, tsitsi lake buluu wakuda anali wandiweyani, pang'ono m'munsimu mapewa.

Pamene moyo wa bambo ake, Boris Godunov

Wolemba mbiri Sergei Platonov ankakhulupirira kuti Boris ankakonza ana awo akulowa ufumu. Mu 1598, Boris Godunov kusankhidwa gulu Zemsky Sobor, monga iye anali de A facto wolamulira pa Ioannovich Fedor, amene anali m'bale Boris. Ndi inalowa ufumu analamula osati kupemphera mfumu komanso mkazi wake ndi ana monga wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu.

Kodi Kseniya Godunova?

Moyo wa mzere wolemekezeka ndi bwalo miyambo. The ntchito yaikulu tinali kuwerenga, needlework, maphunziro, kukambirana ndi bambo ake, ulendo mchitidwe kupemphera. Ana awo Boris kuitana aphunzitsi abwino kunja. Komanso wachikondi bambo ali wamng'ono anaika Fedor ndi Ksenia kukonda kuwerenga, kotero iwo osindikizidwa mabuku amanena wauzimu.

kukhumudwa ukwati

Ambiri mwa olamulira ntchito kuchita maukwati ntchito zamtendere. Komanso ndikufuna kupita, ndipo Boris Godunov. Malinga ndi mwambo wa mwana wamkazi wa Russian Tsar sanaganizire kukwatira Russian, popeza anali udindo poyerekeza ndi wolemekezeka, nthawi zonse kufunafuna grooms kunja. The Woyesana woyamba dzanja Ksenia Borisovna anali Gustav Vasa, ku Sweden Prince. Komabe, iye sanali ankakonda Boris, monga iye anali alchemist ndi kutsogolera moyo wosadziletsa. Mfumu anamutumiza ukapolo aulemu kwa Uglich.

Ndiye Godunov anabwera amukopere Duke Johann, mwana wa mfumu Chidanishi. Iye ankakonda abambo ndi mwana wamkazi ndi Mwachidule. Johann osiyana zonyezimira kukongola ndi maganizo odabwitsa. Komabe, tsoka anayamba kuthamangitsa wamkazi wa mfumu kuyambira pa unyamata wake. Pamene Duke layamba kuphunzira miyambo Russian amakamba yomweyo anapita ku ukwati, kalonga Chidanishi mwadzidzidzi anadwala n'kumwalira. Russian kalonga Kseniya Godunova chisoni kwambiri kuti iye.

Analephera adzagwirizana Godunov chibale nthumwi za mkulu wobadwa Habsburg mafumu ndi Duke wa Schleswig. Chijojiya Tsarevich Hosroy ndipo sanapeze kwa Russia chifukwa cha mavuto mkati m'mayiko Dagestani.

Atamwalira Boris mfumu dethronement Fedor II

Choncho, mu 1605, pamene Godunov mafumu lafupika wamkazi wa mfumu komabe anali wosakwatira. Boris gulu anali ndi nthawi yovuta, ndi kobvuta chilala ndi njala, ndi anthu omwewo sankakhoza mfumu, amene anasankhidwa ndi Zemsky Sobor, osati tinatengera wachifumu, malinga ndi miyambo. Dana wa Boris aonongeka ulamuliro wa mwana wake, Fedor, anakhala kukhala lalifupi amuna pampando wachifumu Russian. June 1 opandukawo, kumbali ya wonamizira Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry Ine, ananyema mu boma la Russia kwenikweni anakokera mfumu achinyamata ochokera ku mpando wachifumu wake. Amayi Maria Godunov, pa maondo ake, kupempha chifundo mwana. Theodore, Maria ndi Ksenia anawatenga kupita kwawo ku boma la Russia ndipo anatumizidwa kuti amuteteze.

Godunov banja komanso kumangidwa, iwo anayamba kufunkha zinthu zawo. June 10, Prince Golitsyn ndi Masalski limodzi ndi oponya mivi atatu anafika kunyumba ya banja lachifumu. Fedor ndi Ksenia meekly anakhala pafupi ndi mayi ake. M'bale ndi mlongo anawalamula kupasuka mu zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo zopotola ndi Mfumukazi Mary. Fedor, mwachilengedwe ankakhala ndi nyonga chidwi kwa nthawi yaitali anavutika ndi achiwembu anayi pamene iye adali wogonjetsedwa. Xenia ndi ovutika mayi ndi m'bale - Lzhedmitry anamva za makhalidwe a kalonga ndi kubweretsa Mosalsk iye analamula. Analengeza kuti Theodore ndi Maria maphunziro kudzipha.

Mu ulamuliro wa wotchedwa Dmitry Zonama

Kseniya Godunova wamng'ono ndipo sanadziwe zimene nthawi yoopsa akuyamba iye. Kumene mfumu zimapangitsa Godunov mdzakazi wake. Ngakhale kuti zolemba ndi zina zomwe zilipo olembedwa kufotokoza ndi mwachilungamo mouma, mu "Annals" Ivana Timofeeva ananena kuti wotchedwa Dmitry Zonama anatenga Xenia mphamvu. PP Karatygin, wotchuka wolemba ena nkhani za mbiri yakale m'zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa, amene amayambitsa chidaliro kwambiri, amapereka ziyenera okhwima cha mwana wamkazi. Iye ananena kuti chiwawa zikhoza kukhala msungwana kamodzi mu moyo wanga, koma osati kupitiriza nthawi yaitali kupirira kuvutitsidwa zokhumudwitsa munthu amene adawononga amake ndi m'bale. Karatygin zodabwitsa mmene Kseniya Godunova, zomwe chithunzi yotentha ndi zithunzi luso ndi mafotokozedwe a anthu amene ankadziwa m'nthawi yake, sanathe kupha wonyengezera.

Chosalanga mtsikana mwamphamvu za monga wamantha ndi kuuma. Amagwiritsidwanso ankaona ngati njira kudzipha Xenia, kuti amuchotsepo manyazi (ngakhale zinthu ngati mayikidwe apangidwe pasanapite nthawi, monga Ksenia Borisovna anali munthu kwambiri achipembedzo, ndipo malinga ndi malamulo Mkhristu mmodzi wa machimo koipa za kulandidwa moyo wake si monga mwa Mulungu chifuniro). mafotokozedwe wina kuti achite zimenezi mogwirizana Karatygina - kuti chiphwanye chilungamo ndi chifundo. Karatygin akuganiza kuti Kseniya Godunova - mwana wa Boris Godunov - kuyambira mu nthawi kuona chikondi Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry, kenako kutifotokozera amamukonda. Masiku ano mbiri yakale komanso kuyesa kupeza tanthauzo zothandiza zimene Godunov. Malinga ndi malingaliro awo izo, kudalira chithumwa wake ndi pempho, kuyesera kuti akwatire Falsdmitry mamvekedwe wake ndipo osati wolemekezeka, mfumukazi. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena chakuti bambo ake, Boris Godunov, ndi agogo ake, Malyuta Skuratov anali chipangizo ndi machenjerero ake andale, nthawi zonse angakhale ndale akufuna. Komanso anakaphunzira European kalonga amafotokoza, amene amapereka chifukwa amaganiza kuti akhoza kukhala ochenjera chiwembuyo.

Koma anthu Russian sanakhulupirire kuti Kseniya Godunova ndi Grigori Otrepyev (Lzhedmitry) - nthunzi. Mu Godunov ndi chi sipakanakhala maganizo amenewa. Anthu a Moscow XVII atumwi bwino kuti wamng'ono wokongola mkaidi Mfumukazi sakanakhoza kukana chilakolako Falsdmitry. Iye ankaona ochitiridwayo, kwa Muscovites lisanathe masiku ake anali wachifundo Xenia ndiponso mwaulemu dzina lake wolemekezeka, ngakhale kugwa kwa mafumu akale. Anthu anakwiya kwambiri chifukwa cha ichi, pa wotchedwa Dmitry onyenga, ndipo zimenezi zinaonetsera mu "nthano" Katyreva-Rostovsky. Mlembi kuyitana defrocked "zolusa ndi voracious nkhandwe," adamnenera Iye kuwamana wolemekezeka buthulo kusalakwa zodabwitsa zimene Xenia anagwa tsoka zowawa. Kalaliki Ivan Timofeev, komanso m'nthawi ya 17, kukhulupirira kuti Godunov anali wosalakwa ndi wopanda chilema, kuti Falsdmitry kalonga sanali m'njira ina iliyonse.

The tonsure

Posachedwa Xenia wamkulu zokhumudwitsa Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry. Mofulumira chidwi wonyenga wa nawonso anakopeka ukwati wake adziwitse kuti Marina Mniszek Polish mtsikana, monga banja lake anayesa zikhale unruliness Falsdmitry, pangakhale chisokonezo chilichonse. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kuchotsa mkaziyo anali wokongola yosavuta. mafumu ambiri panali basi - awo tonsured sisitere. tsoka Izi wathunso ndi Kseniya Godunova, chidwi mfundo ku moyo umene zafotokozedwa m'nkhani. The tonsure, anatenga dzina Olga ndipo anatumizidwa kwa ansembe yotchedwa Kuuka ku Vologda. Patapita chaka chimodzi, wosakondedwayo mfumu defrocked linagwa. Zemsky Sobor umasankha wachifumu Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Wolamulira watsopano anatha kusamutsa mtembo wa bambo ake, mayi ndi m'bale Godunov mwa Woyera Utatu obisika. Olga anandiitana ku reburial cha phulusa achibale. Kumanda anapanga ndithu zobiriwira ndi chachikulu: Aliyense bokosi yotengekatengeka 20 anthu. Ksenia Borisovna anapita pambuyo pawo pa sled lapansi. Pakuona kudzitcha kuti iye analira nafuwula kuti chiweruzo cha Mulungu pa wotchedwa Dmitry Zonama. Ndiye sisitere Olga anasamukira pafupi Woyera Utatu obisika. Koma tsoka anali pa zidendene ake. Mu zaka 1608-1610 agulupa anali kudutsa kuzinga asilikali wa Commonwealth. Xenia ndi pa nthawi ino sanatisiye malo awa ndi anapirira mavuto onse, kuthandiza alongo (avirigo) ndi osauka.

Pamene anatseka misewu unathera, Xenia kumanzere Utatu kwa Novodevichy Akatolika mu Moscow. Komabe, pali kalonga sakanatha kuthawa ku mapeto ao zowawa ndi mantha adabvutika nthawi. Ivan Zarutsky, mutu wa Cossack kugalukira, anathyola ndi asilikali ake ansembe a. Pa anakhala kumeneko Xenia ali anakwanitsa ndiyambe ubwenzi ndi sisitere Martha, amene anali ndi tsoka ofanana. Choyamba sisitere Martha anali Livonia mfumukazi, koma tsopano, ngati Olga, whiled kutali masiku agulupa cloister. "Mundilanda maliseche" Royal avirigo Cossacks. Muscovites nthawi anali moyipa wosasangalala ndi kuchita izi ankachitika Cossacks, amene ngakhale angayerekeze kuyang'ana Olga ndi Martha.

Nthawi ya Mavuto itatha, Kseniya Godunova anatumiza kwa Suzdal Pokrovsky obisika. M'chaka cha 1622, sisitere Olga anamwalira ali ndi zaka 40. Iye anamwalira iye anazipatsa chilamulo chosatumphika onse chuma chake wodzichepetsa wadutsa mu chigawo cha Utatu obisika. Patrimonial manda Godunov ili mu khonde kumanzere kwa Mfundo Cathedral, anapeza wake wotsiriza chitetezo wosasangalala wolemekezeka.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, maphunziro apeza umboni wotsimikizira lomwe mu obisika kalonga Kseniya Godunova, kanthawi yonena amene akambidwa m'nkhani, Ine anabereka mwana Zonama Dmitri. Iye anali pomwepo anachotsedwa kwa mayi. Pa tsoka la mnyamata sanadziwe chilichonse.

zilandiridwenso Xenia

Mmodzi wa masewera cha mwana wamkazi anali kusoka. The Utatu-Sergio Lavra awiri chitsanzo kusoka zaka XVI-XVII zasungidwa imatengedwa kuti ndi ntchito ya Ksenia Borisovna pachibwenzi. Mmodzi wa iwo - chotchinga cha mutu wa manda a Chimonko wotchuka, anayambitsa mchitidwe angapo lalikulu (kuphatikizapo Utatu-Sergio Lavra), kenako canonized, Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Ndi chithunzi cha Utatu Woyera "Rublev" recension, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi. Malinga ndi mndandanda wa chophimba kumene kumakhala Amonke opangidwa Kseniya Godunova, chidwi mfundo ndi moyo umene ali tafotokozazi. Iye anapereka ansembe ndi bambo ake mu 1601. Silika imvi mtundu bafuta ulusi anapanga nkhope ndi manja a angelo, zovala siliva ndi golide ulusi ndi ulusi wa silika akuda, kupanga mtundu wa chokongoletsera. Border chithunzi obnizany ngale. Mukhoza kuona zithunzi zosiyanasiyana, nkhanza chivundikiro. Apa pali onse otchulidwa m'Baibulo (Ioann Predtecha, Mariya Magdalina, St Xenia) ndi zithunzi zakale (Sergiy Radonezhsky, akalonga Boris ndi Gleb). needlework wina zimachitika Mfumukazi -inditiya "Representat Mfumukazi ya dzanja lamanja la inu." ntchito anachita ndi osakaniza dongosolo khumi ndi matabwa. Inditia unakhazikitsidwa mu 1602. Pa maziko a nthambi veleveti rytogo zokhotakhota ndi makangaza akusonyezera. The contours ya kanjedza ndi sewn ngale. nguwo za Yesu, ndi amayi a Mulungu ndi akorona awo chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Pamapazi a Yesu Khristu akuonetsedwa Sergio ndi Nikon Radonezh.

kulira kalonga

Pali Baibulo awiri "Kulira kalonga" wowerengeka nyimbo zokhudza Nthawi ya Mavuto. Zinalembedwa pakutha pa mavuto m'zaka 1618-1620, kwa wansembe, amene anabwera Russia monga mbali ya British ofesi ya kazembe, Richarda Dzhemsa, amene ankakhala m'nyengo yozizira ku Kholmogory, chifukwa iwo alibe nthawi sitimayo wotsiriza amene akhoza yopita ku Albion. Za nyimbo aphunzira okha kuchokera m'mabuku a Yakobo ndi lofalitsidwa mu St. Petersburg mu 1907. Aakulu kukaikira olemba Ksenia Borisovna, ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndi heroine m'nyimbo. Nyimbo Xenia akulira maliro bambo ndi kumva chisoni chifukwa cha ndifotokoze mavuto m'banja. Tikayang'ana zili, ntchito linalembedwa pambuyo pa imfa ya wonamizira Grigoriya Otrepeva. Nyimbo watchula "chipongwe" chinaperekedwa Godunovoy Lzhedmitriem. Komabe, anthu a khalidwe "yopuma", kunena za ubale Ksenia Borisovna ndi defrocked akupangira yekha, potero asayambe chifanizo cha heroine ndi woyera ndi wangwiro. Ngakhale tsogolo la wolemekezeka anali oipa kwambiri, ntchito, izo akufotokozedwa ngati wamng'ono dreamy mtsikana, kuphatikizapo anthu amene akufuna kupeza mwamuna wabwino. Text "Kulira kalonga" anapereka nyimbo ndi wolemba Alekseya Rybnikova, amene anali nyimbo ya kanema "1612".

Autopsy Godunov manda

Mu 1945 patrimonial manda Godunov akukonza autopsy. Ambiri otchuka KATSWIRI Mikhail Gerasimov, amene kulengedwanso zithunzi zambiri umunthu mbiri (mwachitsanzo, Sofi Paleolog ndi Helena Glinsky) zochokera zotsalira chigoba, koma mwatsoka, sanathe kugwira ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi oimira Godunov mafumu. Kunapezeka kuti kuikidwa kale kukhudzidwa ndi ena achifwamba patsogolo. Mafupa ndi nkhani za m'manda akhala osokonezeka, sanasunge achigaza. The kulongosola Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio n'zotheka kuona lakuthwa-nosed, kukula ting'onoting'ono nsapato, amene anali Mfumukazi ndipo anapeza zofukulidwa.

Kseniya Godunova zaluso

N'zosadabwitsa kuti fano choyamba cha mwana wamkazi sapezeka mabuku Russian ndi German. Iogann Kristof Fridrih Shiller konse maphunziro sewero "Demetrius." Iwo Xenia koyamba monga chizindikiro zoyembezereka za mbiri yakale. Nkhaniyo, wochenjera ndi loyera kalonga anafunika kuthetsa mikangano Russia. ntchito ndi chidwi osati kwa maganizo a choonadi mbiri (apa masewero kutali), ndipo malo a chiwembu. Malinga ndi olemba ndi Ksenia akukumana maganizo zozama za Mikhail Romanov, amene anadzakhala mfumu. chikondi chake kwa iye ndi wamphamvu, yomveka bwino ndiponso mgwirizano, koma ngwazi sadziwa kuti Godunov nayenso exclaimeth. Sewero umatha ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro Lzhedmitriya Mihail Fedorovich m'ndende. Pali amaona moyo Xenia zili ndi kumufunsa kudikira kuphedwa kwa cholinga chake, ndi kutenga moyo wake tchimo lalikulu. Inde, n'kovuta, wodzala ndi mavuto yonena Ksenii Godunovoy sakanakhoza kukhala anthu osayanjanitsika kulenga, osati olemba, komanso ojambula zithunzi. Wotchuka zithunzi za 19 m'zaka "m'tengo mwana wotchedwa Dmitry ndi wonamizira anapha Boris Godunov" Makovsky, "Mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Kseniya Godunova pa chithunzi wa womwalirayo chibwenzi Prince" Surikov ndi "Kseniya Godunova" ndi S. Gribkova.