"Nyanja Mkango" - machitidwe kugwila Nazi Germany England

Nkhondo ya Britain ndi "Opaleshoni Nyanja Mkango" amatanthauza pofuna analephera kugwila Hitler Albion mu 1940. Zalephera thandizo la Russia, ndondomeko ndi kuletsa kukonzekera zonse kwa ankafika pa magombe a Great Britain anapatsidwa Mtsogoleri January 9, 1941, pamene dziko la Germany anaimitsidwa Moscow, ndi mphamvu zonse German anayamba kutumizidwa ku nkhondo ndi dziko lathu. Koma ngati "Nyanja Mkango" - machitidwe kugwila England, Nkhondo ya Britain (a akuti anayambitsa ndi Kutengera wa Churchill) ikukhudza yekha Air Force nkhondowo ndipo pofuna analanda ukulu German mu mlengalenga pa dziko.

Inandithandiza mu ukapolo wa Europe

Nkhondo itatha, ena akuluakulu a asilikali akuluakulu German ananena kuti Hitler sindinali kuganiza mofatsa za kuukira pa UK. Ambiri mwina, atagonjetsedwa wa asilikali French, iye ankakhulupirira kuti dziko la Channel Ngalande ndi kale mu thumba lake. Ndipo sakanatha kuthaŵa tsoka la England, France, amene miyezi Mtsogoleri eyiti anatsogolera "ankasewera nkhondo" mpaka May 9, 1940, ngati si nkhondo ndi Russia. "Nyanja Mkango" - opareshoni, ndi pathupi pa ikamatera kuukira German - ndipo anavomereza July 16, 1940. Seeliwe dongosolo anali - poyamba 25 magulu anali kuwoloka English Channel ndipo tidakocheza ku England gombe pakati Dover ndi Portsmouth.

Channel - chitetezo chilengedwe cha England

Koma ambiri kuzindikira kuti ndegeyo - bizinesi yowopsa, ndi "Nyanja Mkango" - opareshoni wofuna kudziwa zinthu zambiri, chifukwa England anali ndi bulu zabwino kwambiri ndi zaka zambiri Nkhondo panyanja. British Air Force akhala amphamvu kwambiri. Ie boti ankafika zinali zovuta kwambiri. Motero, chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ya asilikali a German, mosonyeza Army, a "Opaleshoni Nyanja Mkango" Kwaletsedwa. Anaganiza woyamba kuwononga kapena kupondereza RAF ndi kuti muchotse English Channel. Tsiku inayake ntchito nthawi zonse anasamutsidwa. Kumene, Britain chidwi kwambiri ndi kuukira Hitler pa Soviet Union ndi m'zonse kuti analimbikitsidwa.

kukonzekera kwambiri

"Nyanja Mkango", ntchito ndi German kuukira Albion, onse omwenso ndikusinthidwa, kusintha kale, tsiku la chiyambi cha kulanda. Anaganiza kuti si 25, ndipo 40 magulu adzakhala nawo Kuoloka kwa English Channel, m'mbali kumtunda kumene, m'mizinda wotanganidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja - Cherbourg ndi Rotterdam, Calais ndi Ostend, kudziunjikira lalikulu zedi ndizi maofesi - 1722 mabwato ndi 471 chingwe chabwazi. Komanso Germany akuyembekezeka ntchito bwato mu mayunitsi 1161 ndi 155 wa apanyanja zoyendera kusamutsidwa matani 3000-5000. Ankalimbikitsidwa pa German Air Force (Luftwaffe), kuthandiza kuti anali 13 mfuti m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Nkhondo ya Britain

7-8 August anayamba akupha England, malamulo dzina - "Mphungu anaukira» (Adlerangriffe). The tsiku loyamba ndi malamulo dzina "Mphungu Tsiku» (Adlertag), ankaona boma kuyamba tsiku Nkhondo ya Britain (ngakhale zina ili pa September 13 nduna tsiku la kuyamba ntchito "Mphungu", kumene kunali mbali ya ankafika amphibious "Nyanja Mkango"). Opaleshoni inayake tsiku limene afike (ankafika, monga ife tikudziwira, nayenso, sanatenge place), nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "analephera kudumpha nyanja mkango." February 13, 1942, asilikali Raeder inali nthawi yotsiriza yomwe ine anakambirana ndi Fuehrer za opaleshoni, kenako potsiriza kuchotsedwa uchimo ndi.

Weniweniwo kunasintha nkhondo

Monga tanenera kale, mu nthawi yophukira 1940, opaleshoni kuwukira mu England wakhala rescheduled kuti m'chaka cha 1941. Kaya analemba tsopano ndi inasintha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse okha kusiya asilikali Hitler pafupi Moscow ndipo Stalingrad kuwagonjetsa iwo wopulumutsidwa Britain ku ukapolo. Anawapulumutsa Nyanja ndi Russian asilikali kuti kupambana wotchuka umene British anagonja pambuyo kugonjetsedwa, ndipo mu chipululu, ndi m'mphepete awo. Only kuti Hitler kuti asiye nagonjetsa German pa Dunkirk ndi kuloledwa kunyamula asilikali 330 zikwi za asilikali a m'mayikowo kudutsa Channel.

mpweya parity

"Opaleshoni Nyanja Mkango" unachitika m'chilimwe cha 1940. Kwenikweni, osati ankafika ndi adani a mtundu chilumba, ndi bomba la England, amene anali ndi akakondze njira yomwe asilikali pansi. Koma ntchito July 16, 1940 ndipo anavomereza, chikalatacho, ndi kwathunthu anathetsa January 9, 1941-TH. Opaleshoni "Mphungu", ndi chigawo chimodzi cha "Nyanja Mkango", anaima September, ndi Germany anakakamizika kuvomereza kuti ulamuliro mu mlengalenga ndipo anafika kusunga Luftwaffe, m'pofunika kusiya bomba la London ndi mliri kulephereka kalekale. Ndiyeno, pa zifukwa zoonekeratu, mfundo imeneyi sanabwerere.

Chiyambi cha chiwonongeko chotheratu cha mizinda European kuyika kwa mlengalenga

Choncho anathetsa "Opaleshoni Nyanja Mkango". Kusokoneza nkhondo ya England Mulimonsemo sangatengedwe kukhala ndi ngongole kwa dziko kuti yekha. Ngakhale UK ndi ikuchitika kunyanyala mpweya ndi Germany, osati Hitler aswa mapulani kwa kuukira Russia, mu England, "osati kale ntchito nyimbo kusewera." Kopweteka mabomba a London anali yoyamba ndi navigation zolakwa za oyendetsa German zinachititsa kuti palibe mabomba inatha pa mafakitale asilikali ili mumzinda wa likulu British, ndipo likulu lake. The British anapanga anayi kubwezera choipa kuukira Berlin. Ndipo ngakhale m'chiwonongeko ndi ovulala anali zazing'ono, ndi Berliners si mantha, koma anadabwa, Hitler anakwiya ndipo analamula bomba chachikulu ndi likulu la England, yomwe inayamba pa 7 September. Tsiku lomwelo ku England chizindikiro adawomba 'Cromwell ", chenjezo za chiyambi cha nkhondo ya asilikali a ku Germany. September 7 kuphulitsa mabomba anali amphamvu ndi anachititsa chiwonongeko chachikulu, 9 September - zazing'ono 15 - ngakhale zochepa. September 17 madoko apanyanja a Germany, ndi dismantling zida anafuna tingalimbanirane. The Germany analephera kukwaniritsa ulemerero mu mlengalenga, ndipo kungathandize bwanji "Nyanja Mkango". Koma simungathe kuonedwa ngati kugonjetsa asilikali German ndipo inasintha nkhondo. The kwambiri chifukwa Germany sanaleke mabomba zina, ndi mzinda wa Coventry unawonongedwa pansi mu zaka 1940-1942.