Ndi Popanga madzi a gamma cheza chiyani?

Atapeza zipangizo angathe mowiriza umuna wa particles ndi maziko (chifukwa cha wailesi umuna kuvunda) wayamba kuphunzira katundu wawo. Yogwira nawo kufufuza kwatsopano ndi bungwe kudziwa alipo mu sayansi anatenga Curies wotchuka Rutherford. Kuti anatha kutsegula woyamba Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira. Anawapulumutsa kuyesera anali yosavuta, pa nthawi yomweyo, waluntha.

The cheza gwero anatengedwa Analandira. Pakatikati-kutsogolera capacitance akuchita ndi kutsegula yopapatiza. Pansi pa njira chifukwa anaikidwa Analandira. Pa mtunda yaing'ono kuchokera ku chidebe perpendicular kwa inabala olamulira membala photosensitive inali - mbale. Mu kusiyana pakati ndi chidebe ndi nyukiliya zida wapadera akhoza kupanga ndi maginito mwamphamvu kwambiri, mizere ya mavuto omwe zochokera kufanana kwa mbale photosensitive. zinthu zina zonse kuposa jenereta kumunda m'malo airless, kuthetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mpweya pa maatomu zotsatira za kafukufuku. Ngati Rutherford ananyalanyaza imeneyi, Popanga madzi a gamma cheza akanakhoza kutsegula munthu wina.

Popeza chikoka maginito pa kokulumunya inkachitika mdima malo, kusonyeza kafalitsidwe rectilinear cheza cha (kuziika mbali ina chabe kudula kutsogolera chidebe makoma). Koma zinali zokwanira kuti awonekere kwa munda maginito, onse amafotokozera photosensitive a dongosolo zinachitika madontho atatu basi. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti particles ena panamveka ndi rediamu, deflecting kumunda. Rutherford adati mtengo tichipeza zigawo zitatu. kupatuka khalidwe ananena kuti particles wa matabwa awiri ndi mlandu magetsi, ndi mtengo lachitatu electrically ndale. Komanso, mthunzi zikuluzikulu za chochitika cheza anapanduka kutchulidwa kuposa positive. Electrically chigawo ndale - ichi ndi Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira. Chigawo chimodzi ndi mlandu zoipa amatchedwa beta-ray, ndi wotsiriza, zabwino mlandu - ndi alpha-ray.

Kuwonjezera chakuti zinthu zosiyana mu munda maginito, kuwala ali katundu osiyana. Popanga madzi a gamma cheza amatha kudutsa mu nkhaniyi ndithu mtunda wautali. Choncho, mbale kumvera 1 cm makulidwe amachepetsa mwamphamvu awo kawiri kokha. Alpha-mtengo akhoza anasiya ngakhale pepala woonda pepala. Koma cheza beta ali mungafike malo: kuletsa nthenda zitsulo angakhale ochepa millimeters wandiweyani.

Iwo kenako anatuluka kuti:

• beta ray ndi mtsinje wa particles zoipa mlandu (ma elekitironi), kusunthira pa liwilo;
• alpha-ray - ndi helium phata, ndi mapangidwe khola kwambiri;
• Popanga madzi a gamma ray - choyimira cha mafunde mu atomu. The umuna sipekitiramu mzere wa kwathunthu, kuyambira phata emitting amakhala ndi limati mphamvu apawokha. Iwo ali mu mawonekedwe a kufalitsa milingo mphamvu panamveka photons. Mawu akuti "Popanga madzi a gamma-ray" ochuluka ntchito osati pofotokoza ndondomeko ya kuvunda nyukiliya, komanso, ambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwe mwakhama wa cheza mu atomu womwe aliyense kwadzidzidzi mphamvu si zosakwana 10 keV. Gwero la mtundu wa umuna ndi ma elekitironi okondwa maatomu mu dongosolo la. Zotsala anasamutsidwa mphamvu ma elekitironi kuti apamwamba misinkhu mphamvu. Kuyambira pamenepo, iwo kubwerera ku mkhalidwe yapita, kumasuka cheza mu mawonekedwe a X-ray kapena kuwala (mu atomu mafunde). The sipekitiramu cheza mu atomu zinachitikira Popanga madzi a gamma-ray ndi yaing'ono kwambiri ndiponso kumayambitsa zosaposa 5 * 0.001 nm chifukwa chimene bwino akuwonetseredwa katundu wa particles, osati mafunde.