Nkhondo ya Mukden: magulu a zipani, mbiri

February 19 1905, anayamba nkhondo ya Mukden. Nkhondo imeneyi inali yamagazi ndi ambiri mu nkhondo Chirasha Japanese. Mu kugunda panafika anthu pafupifupi 500 zikwi, ndi imfa anakwana 160 zikwi, mwachitsanzo za wachitatu wa mamembala onse a Army.

The vuto pamaso nkhondo

Madzulo a nkhondo, asilikali Russian kumanzere Liaoyang ndi mizu pafupi Mukden. asilikali Japanese anali pafupi kwambiri, nchifukwa chake onse zikugwira kulimbikitsa udindo wawo. Lamulo pa zomenyanazo wa kutsogolo, zinadziwika kuti kubwera zikuluzikulu zipolowe. Motero aliyense asilikali mwakhama analimbitsa kumbuyo ndi kuligonjetsa pawo.

zochitika zokhudza ankaikira Japanese. asilikali Russian mu ndime zina za zisudzo za nkhondo kuphwera ndipo linapereka malo awo. Izi anauzira Japanese ndipo anakweza makhalidwe awo. Mu Dziko la Kutuluka Sun anaonekera kunachititsa kuti nkhondo adzakhala anapambana pa magazi Mukden pang'ono.

Boma la asilikali Russian

Pa nthawi imeneyi, asilikali Russian anayamba kufalitsa mphekesera za mliri wa zisinthe ku dzikolakwathu. Zochitika ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow kwambiri kuvulala zolinga asilikali. Komanso anakhudzidwa mthunzi yaitali, alternated ndi yunifolomu atakhala mu ngalande ndi kunkhondo. Adayala mwa asilikali kusewera makhadi ndi kumwa. Panali deserters. Alonda anali bungwe mayunitsi wapadera kuti ankachita misampha othawa kwawo.

Osauka ntchito nzeru. Madzulo a lamulo kugunda sankadziwa chiwerengero chenicheni cha mdani. Aliyense ankadziwa chinthu chimodzi chokha: nkhondo ya Mukden, molamulidwa ndi Aleksey Kuropatkin ankati zovuta.

kukonzekera Wogwila

Koma machenjerero ndi njira, lamulo Russian sanali kuyambitsa chilichonse chatsopano. mudzi Sandepu anali chinsinsi mfundo imene anali kugwila asilikali, pamene panali nkhondo ku Mukden. Mkulu wa likulu Kuropatkin anaganiza kuti malo amenewa adzakhala waukulu Japanese malo.

Kuukira pa Sandepu inakonzedwa kuyamba February 25. opaleshoni anali kukonza mazunzo nkhondo ya 2 Army, adali kukhalabe kugwirizana pa flanks lapansi. Komabe, ngakhale pamaso pa nkhondo lamulo anachita machimo mwatsatanetsatane, kenako yakuyipsa angathe asilikali Russian. Choncho, makamu atatu okha omwe kwambiri anatambasula kudutsa kutsogoloku, kuwapanga iwo amazigwira kwambiri Adani.

Mumsasa wa Japanese

Gulu Japanese anali Oyama Iwao. cholinga chake chachikulu, iye anakhulupirira malo a asilikali Russian. ndi pambali kumanzere anasankhidwa kuukira waukulu, monga izo zinali koposa zonse pali itafunyuliridwa gawo la mdani. Komanso, tikukonzekera nkhonya zododometsa. feint Uku kunali kupanga Army 5. Iwo unakonzedwa kuukira pa mudzi wa Fushun. Iye kungasokoneze ndi nkhokwe Russian ndi atsogolere ntchito mphamvu yaikulu ya Japanese.

The Japanese analibe mwayi kwambiri chiwerengero cha asilikali. Kukunda nyamarwa chifukwa cha ukulu n'zosangalatsa kumva sikunali kotheka. Komabe, mwa permutations asilikali lamulo Japanese chipambano mu ukulu ang'onoang'ono flanks, kumene ankafuna nkhondo yaikulu. Pakuti kulanda udindo womwewo Mulimonsemo Ine kukonzekera ndi kusunga wothandiza.

Aliyense anamvetsa kwambiri ntchito za nkhondo ya Mukden. Amene analamula amene anali atakhala kunkhondo - zilibe kanthu, chifukwa aliyense msilikali ndi msilikali anali kukonzekera mayeso omaliza. N'zochititsa chidwi, asilikali a ku Japan pankhondo anaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri German. Mu Tokyo, kulota za kupambana kwake ku Sedan kutsatira chitsanzo cha Germany, kumene ankakhala ndi asilikali ndi kukakamiza French kuti mudzipereke.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo

Monga tanena lamulo Russian anali Adzalimbana mdani manambala 25. Komabe, mu msasa wa adani a akusasanyira mwamsanga. Usiku wa pa 18 pa February 19, woyamba kupita pa amanyansidwa ndi Japanese. Kawamura asilikali anaukira vanguard, analamula Konstantin Alexeev. mayunitsi mwaukadauloZida wa asilikali Russian anayenera abwerere. Anapanga kauntala sanapereke zotsatira.

Patapita masiku angapo, pa February 23 anayamba Mkuntho. Mphepo inali mbali ya Russian. The Japanese, pogwiritsa ntchito mphatso izi kwa nyengo, iwo analowa kuukira wina Alekseeva malo. Kupulumutsidwa comrades anapita kwa mkulu wa 1 Army Manchurian Nikolaya Linevicha. Mu pambuyo pa kuukira izi recurred. Iwo amapereka mwa zida zankhondo ano Japanese.

Kuphedwa atatu sabata

Long nkhondo ku Mukden sizinachitike mu tsiku lina. Iwo anakokera kwa masabata atatu. Kumenyana zinachitika m'dera lalikulu ndi inkakhala oukira ndi m'mizinda pa malo osiyana. Pamene kuwomba tizigona pafupifupi mmodzi mapiri, kuwombera anayamba pa pambali zina. chikhalidwe ichi cha kugunda anali chizindikiro cha nkhondo latsopano, mtundu ano. Nkhondo, imene inatha mu tsiku lina m'mbuyomu. asilikaliwo anali kupirira mumamva mpikisano wa skirmishes ambiri, maulendo n'kubwerera ku malo awo akale.

Mu Russian woyamba Army chinachepa kumadzulo pambali. The mbali Japanese anapanga pofuna circumvent mdani mphamvu kupita kumbuyo, ndi kuwononga aya mdani. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi Nambu anapambana kuthetsa yaing'ono Yuhuantul, potero kupatutsa kuwawa kwa Russian. Chitetezo cha malo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti imfa ya pafupifupi buku lonse 4000th detachment.

udindo wa yojambula

Ndi March 8, Russian lamulo anazindikira kuopseza chiwonongeko, amene ochuluka akuimira nkhondo ya Mukden. Tsiku rearrangement anauika kuti tsiku lomwelo. Army ayendetsa anafunika kusonkhanitsa magulu onse otsala ku nkhonya imodzi. Koma pa March 9 Japanese bungwe ake amphamvu kwambiri nkhondo nkhondo, potsiriza anaswa udindo pa pambali kum'mawa. Zolakwikazo anasefukira mayunitsi mdani. Izi pakutuluka anaopseza kuti asakhalenso msewu, ndi njira yokhayo Mukden.

Awiri makamu Russian anali kukatentha kwambiri. Kugumula aja yopapatiza anakhalabe. The mthunzi anayamba usiku wa pa 9 mpaka 10 March. Pa mbali zonse za asilikali shelled mdani zida zankhondo. Ndipo pa tsiku 10 Japanese pa mtengo zomvetsa yaikulu wotanganitsidwa Mukden. Malinga ndi Maulendo Antona Denikina amene ankachita nawo nkhondo, kusiya Russian anali yomwe akutchulidwa choyamba cha nkhondo, pamene iye anawona gulu lake chodzaza ndi mantha ndi disorganization.

zotsatira

M'mayiko onse, nkhondo ya Mukden anali wamagazi nyama chopukusira. chigonjetso palibe amene lakwaniritsa. Pakuti Japanese, anali kuyesa otsiriza Mokhumbira pa nkhondo (pa dziko). Monga chigonjetso chikhulupiriro sizinachitike, dziko anakumana ndi phompho ndi zachuma. Kwambiri chuma ambiri anaponyedwa pa pofuna. No kuposa mmene zinalili mu Russia.

asilikali Japanese anayamba kuuza anthu kuti atsogoleri a mayiko kupeza njira yothetsera andale amene adzafere mkangano. Komabe, kusintha kwa phindu la Russia ndi sizinachitike. Pasanapite nthawi ndi amasowa ku Korea ndi kumpoto China. Komanso, wakhala m'manja Port Arthur. Boma la St. Petersburg anju nkhongono. Chifukwa, nkhondoyo inatha chilolezo yaikulu mbali ya Russian Ufumu. Nkhondo ya Mukden, unakhala chizindikiro yowala la msonkhano. Mu Russian anapha anthu 8000, ku Japan - 15 zikwi.