Nkusani mungoli - ndichiyani? Kodi zikutanthauza nkusani kayendedwe ka mtima?

Anthu ena amalimbikitsa kuti madokotala anawapatsa mfundo zonse za umoyo wawo. Koma ngati inu mukuganiza izi si chotero maganizo. Onse oterewa zachipatala angathe kuopseza layman. Mwachitsanzo, kodi "nkusani kayendedwe ka mtima"? Mau amenewa si bwino kwambiri anthu wamba, dokotala afika kuda nkhawa wina wodwala.

Mfundo za mtima

Kudzera mu thupi ili magazi amapita ku zotengera zonse za thupi ndipo amapereka mukachipinda chakudya ndi mpweya. Mtima - ndi injini za thupi, ndi injini limayenda mosalekeza mu moyo wa munthu. Iwo amagwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri, ndi kukhulupirira kuti zimenezi akhoza kulenga chilengedwe.

Izo zonse akuyamba ndi magetsi zimachitika ikuyambitsa sinoartrialnym mfundo. Potsatira chisangalalo cha kagulu ka maselo ndi kuchepetsedwa atrium akukankha magazi ventricles lapansi. Ndiye pali zosangalatsa awo. Tikawonetsetsa kwachepetsa ventricles pamene ukufika iwo yoweyula magetsi, akuponyera magazi mu mitsempha ya. Kenako, kumasuka makamera zonse zinayi. Ndipo izo zonse akuyamba bwalo. Ndi zodabwitsa mmene limagwirira ichi ntchito bwino. Popeza kuti ntchito yake sasiya lachiwiri, ngakhale zachilendo mmene mocheperapo ndithu.

m'badwo magetsi mbendera limapezeka pafupifupi fupipafupi, ngakhale zambiri iwo angakhale ndi kuti mosiyana. Ndipotu, ngati izo sizitero, kungasonyeze ndi kutopa la nkhokwe. Matenda amatchedwa "mungoli chinthu chimodzimodzi". Iwo zingaoneke pa ischemia.

nkusani mungoli

Ndi chiyani icho? Kodi nkhani imeneyi ECG kutanthauzira? Ndiyenera mantha pamene adamuwona? Ndipotu, siziri chomwecho. Izi kulowa zambiri limasonyeza ntchito yachibadwa za mtima, ngakhale chingabwere limodzi matenda ena. Ndizimene nkusani kayendedwe ka mtima, makamaka ngati palibe mawu ena. Mukhoza kukhadzikika ndi dokotala pambuyo chaka, ngati pali zina zoyenera.

Koma n'zosiyana ngati tikulankhula za kuyan'anila za nkusani mungoli. Izi zikhoza kukhala arrhythmia, khunyu, tachycardia kapena bradycardia, ndi zina zambiri. Ndipotu, mawu olembedwa aliyense wa ECG ayenera kutanthauziridwa mu dokotala wapadera kapena dokotala. Ndipo pomwepo padzakhala ndendende bwinobwino ngati pali mavuto kapena zinthu zabwino. Pambuyo kujambula "nkusani mungoli osasamba" kwa achinyamata ndi munthu okalamba sizikutanthauza chinthu chomwecho.

mitundu

Kupatula zomwe zinalembedwa kale akhoza kulembedwa "nkusani mungoli ofukula" kapena "yopingasa". Ndipo kungatanthauze mawu amenewa? Only zokhudza mmene kudutsa maselo kuchepetsa patsogolo. chakuti yoweyula magetsi umadutsa minofu minofu njira ina chikugwirizana pafupifupi ndi olamulira anatomical za mtima. Ndiko kuti, kokha amalankhula za maonekedwe a malo ake.

Monga ulamuliro, anthu ndi kukula kwa thupi giperstenichnym anati yopingasa nkusani mungoli, ndi zina - ndi ofukula. Komabe, mungachite izi ndi ponseponse. Mbali imeneyi yekha.

cardiogram

Nkusani mungoli ali zingapo zochititsa amene ali kuoneka bwino pa ECG lapansi. Choyamba, mlingo mtima ndi kumenyedwa 60-80 mphindi, ndi makanda ndi ana zaka 6 - mpaka 150. Kachiwiri P-yoweyula nthawi poyambirira pa QRS zovuta. Kachitatu, ndi PQ ali nthawi zonse mu zosiyanasiyana zachilendo (0,12-0,20 masekondi). Pomaliza, PP kapena rr nthawi ndi chimodzimodzi.

Kuti nonspecialists mawonekedwe kuwonetsera kwa ntchito za mitima yawo mudziwe pang'ono. Zambiri wodwala onani, ngakhale kuswa, pamene cardiologists mtundu uwu wa kufufuza angapereke zambiri zamtengo wapatali. Choncho kunyalanyaza anayendera pachaka Sikuti - ndi ECG angasonyeze mavuto mtima ntchito pa nthawi pamene iwo anamva ndi satchula okha.

siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo

Ngakhale limagwirira yolondola odalirika, matenda mtima. Mwamwayi, ngakhale mavuto ambiri aang'ono pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo okha anamvera. Pamene anthu kulankhula za kuyan'anila, nthawi zambiri akuganiza kuti chifukwa ena ukuwonjezeka chifukwa, amachepetsa kapena asokera nkusani mungoli. Ndi chiyani icho? Kulankhula zamankhwala, mikhalidwe limatchedwa nkusani tachycardia, bradycardia ndi arrhythmia, motero. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza kuti mfundo ndi amapanga ndi kugula zamagetsi izo siziri zolondola. Pamene tachycardia ndondomeko ya mbali iliyonse ya mkombero mtima anapitiriza, koma mlingo mtima kuposa 100 bpm. Pamene bradycardia zosiyana - pafupipafupi contractions yafupika mtengo zosakwana 60. Koma arrhythmia nthawi zambiri mofulumira ndi wosakwiya ntchito mtima Njira, ndi kusinthasintha zedi la PP ECG akhoza upambana 10%.

Kodi nthawi yomweyo mantha, zinamveka ngati imodzi mwa mawu awa kapena Mwachitsanzo, chinachake monga "nkusani mungoli osasamba." Nthawi zina, matenda amenewa angakhale ndi uthunthu thupi ndipo sanafunikire chithandizo, kokha yotsatira. Motero, pali zambiri otchedwa kupuma nkusani arrhythmia - mawu amatchedwa alternating nthawi mpweya pafupipafupi ndi zambiri osowa mtima yozungulira. chikhalidwe choterocho kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata. zina nkusani arrhythmia n'zochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri matenda aakulu, monga pachimake m'mnyewa wamtima infarction.

zimayambitsa

Tachycardia ndi bradycardia mwina onse pharmacological ndi pathological chikhalidwe. Kodi mtundu wa zipangizo angadwale kapena kuchepa mlingo mtima? Mndandanda ndi yaikulu kwambiri.

tachycardia:

• Epinephrine / norepinephrine;
• Kafeini;
• chikonga;
• mowa;
• atropine;
• sympathomimetics;
• aminophylline;
• mankhwala;
• mahomoni chithokomiro;
• okodzetsa;
• mankhwala umalimbana kuchepetsa kuthamanga.

bradycardia:

• "Verapamil";
• sympatholytic;
• quinidine;
• mtima glycosides ;
• beta-blockers;
• morphine.

Tikumbukenso kuti ena mwa mankhwala otchulidwa mndandanda onse, primnyaetsya mu obstetrics Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kusowa magazi kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi uterine edema ndi kuchotsa. Kotero, kuti aliyense wa mankhwala, muyenera osati nkhawa ngati sayambitsa mavuto aakulu.

Pankhani zimayambitsa pathological wa kuyan'anila, iwonso ali zachilendo. tachycardia:

• yopweteka kwambiri kapena yokhalitsa mtima kulephera;
• m'mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• aakulu kuukira kwa pectoris angina;
• pachimake myocarditis;
• hypoxemia;
• magazi m'thupi;
• hypotension;
• mkulu malungo;
• hyperthyroidism;
• nthinthi magazi mu mtsempha wamagazi ndi m'mapapo mwanga;
• pheochromocytoma.

Bradycardia akhoza ayende matenda zotsatirazi kapena mikhalidwe:

• m'mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• odwala nkusani syndrome;
• cardio;
• hypothyroidism;
• matenda;
• kuthamanga intracranial;
• hypothermia;
• intubation;
• hypercalcemia;
• hypokalemia;
• Muzituluka ndi mmatumbo zilonda;
• uremia;
• mitundu ina ya poizoni;
• Meniere ndi matenda.

Monga mukuonera, mndandanda ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kotero muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sanataye nkusani mungoli (icho chiri, ife kale anafotokoza).

diagnostics

Kupatula electrocardiography tanenera kale, anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mtundu wa kuphunzira sonography kapena ultrasound za mtima. Komanso zimachitika kuti nkhani ndi angaulule zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Komabe, iwo sakunena za kuyan'anila mu mfundo nkusani, mwatsoka, pafupifupi kanthu, koma kuti matenda kugwirizana. Mulimonsemo, matenda a "kuyan'anila za nkusani mungoli" aikidwa kokha pa maziko a ECG deta.

Kuchiza ndi ulamuliro

Ngati chikhalidwe cha zinthu pharmacological, kuti zinthu zisinthe ayenera kuthetsa mphamvu ya zinthu pa mtima. Ngati tikulankhula aliyense pathological chikhalidwe, tachycardia kapena bradycardia - yekha zizindikiro. Chithandizo mu nkhani iyi kupita pa matenda chachikulu, pambuyo kusintha kutaika ndi kusapeza kugwirizana ndi kayendedwe mtima.

Mwa njira, pa nthawi iliyonse "galimoto" akhoza kuyan'ana ntchito nokha, koma ndi bwino kuchita m'mawa. Ndikofunikira kuti awerenge chiwerengero cha kumenyedwa pa mphindi kugunda kwa mtima ndi kufanizira ndi mwakale. Zotsatira 60-80 ankaona n'kwachibadwa, tikhoza kunena kuti ndi nkusani mungoli. Kodi izo tsopano bwino.