Non-zowononga chiyesedwe cha mfundo welded: zida, GOST

Kuwotcherera ambiri ntchito zinthu unsembe, ngati mukufuna kuonetsetsa digiri yapamwamba ya kudalirika kwa kugwirizana. Nthawi zambiri, kusakaniza matenthedwe ndi kulibenso, koma pali njira zambiri zosiyana za ntchito yake, osanenapo kantchito. Choncho, njira zosiyana ndi kuyesa ubwino wa msoko lapansi. Akatswiri ntchito sanali zowononga chiyesedwe cha mfundo welded, kulola kusunga dongosolo la zinthu m'dera olowa ndi ntchito ya kapangidwe wonse.

mfundo zolimbana (GOST)

Kukhazikitsa njira sanali zowononga kuyezetsa ikuchitika malinga ndi malamulo luso. Makamaka kuwotcherera muli gawo GOST pansi chiwerengero 3242-79. Motsogozedwa ndi malamulo a chigawo ichi, mbuye angagwiritse ntchito njira makamaka ya polojekiti. Mfundo kufotokoza osati ntchito zida mayeso, komanso zida. Nthawi zina, ndipo analola zopatuka zofunika, zomwe zikuphatikizapo GOST. Non-zowononga chiyesedwe cha mfundo welded Pankhaniyi tikunena njira ndi chitsimikizo quality, amene analimbikitsa ntchito ya kudziwika zopindika poyerekezera ndi zitsulo achindunji ndipo kasakaniza wazitsulo. Komabe, m'nthawi zoterezi zikhazikitsidwe zofuna za alendo, koma gawo lina - 19521-74.

Kodi zopindika ali wapezeka?

Pali magulu angapo vuto kuti kuthandiza kudziwa sanali zowononga luso anayendera. Pa mlingo zofunika wapezeka pamwamba msoko zolakwika. zolakwika chotero mwakale akhoza atathana ngakhale pamene kunja bwinobwino ngakhale popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kunja kwa thupi si zowononga chiyesedwe cha welds kumathandiza kukonza mabacteria ndi discontinuity akukumana pamwamba. The zopindika mkati sangathe wapezeka popanda njira yoyenera luso. Iwo amasonyeza china chotulutsa mawonekedwe, ntchito zake ndiponso kudalirika.

Si nthawi zonse chilema limanena zokhudza unsuitability kulengedwa kapena mankhwala ntchito ina pa zolinga zina. Kachiwiri, monga specifications ndi, china chotulutsa angathe kuweruza ndi zonyozeka kuchimwa. ulamuliro ntchito nthawi ndi kupeza zopindika yovuta, yomwe anafotokozedwa ndiwosayenera amafuna ntchito zakuthupi.

Zipangizo njira lamayimbidwe ulamuliro

Njira kuona pamaso vuto structural mu welds ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zambiri zamakono, zolondola ndiponso kothandiza. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zamakono kulamulira, iye lilinso ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ntchito. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba ndi panja popanda magetsi a. yachinsinsi The adamulowetsa chowunikira akupanga chilema, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo zinchito. Makamaka, kuyezetsa sanali zowononga zimfundo welded ndi ntchito transducers piezoelectric, amene ali zigawo hardware kulandira ndi kupezeka kwa mafunde akupanga. chipangizo amapanga nyemba wa oscillations akupanga, ndi walandiranso chizindikiro potengera zimene zimapezeka kuti woyendetsa mu mawonekedwe yabwino yoganizira. Kufufuza matalikidwe cha chizindikiro, zida wosuta Mzimuyo magawo ziwonongeke.

Zipangizo polojekiti cheza

Njira imeneyi imatchedwa cheza chilema kudziwika zimfundo welded. Mfundo kuphunzira zachokera kotunga ionizing cheza. Pa ndime kunyezimira mwa msoko ndi amachepetsa mwamphamvu awo, malingana ndi makulidwe ndi osalimba zakuthupi. The kusintha mitengo umuna chimathandiza woyendetsa kudziwa pamaso pa mipata mu makulidwe a kugwirizana. Pogwira ntchito imeneyi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana magwero X-ray. Zipangizo ambiri kukayezetsa sanali zowononga zimfundo welded wa mtundu uwu mu mawonekedwe a accelerators elekitironi ndi gammadefektoskopov. Luso kuphatikiza mayunitsi deta ndi cheza radioisotope. opanga Russian makina X-ray kwambiri poona welds kubala zida limene limathandiza kulamulira osiyanasiyana fotoni cheza mphamvu pafupifupi kuyambira 15 keV 30 MeV.

Zipangizo ulamuliro matenthedwe

Kufufuza china chotulutsa khalidwe ndi chindodo matenthedwe amalola ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana kasakaniza wazitsulo ntchito mafakitale ndi zomangamanga. Ponena zopindika zimadziŵika, ndi kusanthula matenthedwe limatchula mphako, ming'alu, kusowa kwa mbali maphatikizidwe, inclusions ena ndi zina zotero. D. Mwachindunji Kutentha mabacteria ndipo akuchita chonse cha radiometer zolakwika. chipangizo ichi, chimene zipangizo ndikuyesedwa sanali owononga welds nyumba zitsulo pa malo wonse. Pa kuwunika, ndi macheke woyendetsa ndi undeformed dongosolo zazikulu ndipo zolumikizanazo. Poyerekeza madera pristine ndi mfundo anatsimikiza kudalirika kwa yomanga. Masiku ano, pali madera osiyanasiyana njira imeneyi. Makamaka njira ikukhudza kusinthasintha kusanthula vibroteplovizionny mu mphamvu kutengerapo chinthu.

Zida kulamulira magetsi

Mapangidwe munda magetsi padziko mayeso chinthu imaperekanso kudziwa kapangidwe khalidwe la dongosolo mkati pa mfundo mogwirizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ntchito converters elektroemkostnye a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kachitidwe pamwamba anapanga mkulu heterogeneity za kuthengo electrostatic. Mbali imeneyi ndi zothandiza kuti woyendetsa nkhani kusinthasintha mu maziko a tilinazo mkulu ntchito zimachitika n'zosiyana pa nkhaniyo. Zamagetsi nondestructive khalidwe kulamulira m'malo olumikizirana mafupa welded ku nyumba linearly broaching kumafuna kulankhulana transducers. Zipangizozo ndi makamaka ntchito mumayesto khalidwe la welds unakhazikitsidwa pa waya, n'kupanga zitsulo ndodo ndi zina zotero. G., Malinga panopa maelekitirodi okwanira ndi ziwembu chosiyana ntchito.

Zipangizo kulamulira capillary

Izi osiyanasiyana waukulu njira kuti akuuzidwa kuti kudziwika ndi mtima wa magawo mkati chilema. Monga zida ntchito ntchito yoyendera penetrant. Iwo kulemba makhalidwe a cavities chomwecho, kapangidwe, chitsogozo, kuya ndi malo okhudza malo. Komabe, ntchito zawo sizingatheke popanda penetrants. Izi madzi kapena flowable zinthu imene anadzetsa pa msoko zotheka ndi kufalitsa pa cavities mkati. njira Capillary kuyesedwa sanali owononga welds idzagwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe osiyanasiyana penetrant lapansi. Ndi mtundu wa kutukula zofunika zokhudza kapangidwe ka chiyesedwe pawiri penetrant. Pali zinthu adamulowetsa pamene akupanga, maginito, mtundu, ndi nyemba zina. Ena mankhwala ndi reactivity kutchulidwa, atangotha kulamulira ali wofunikila kusamalira otchedwa mfundo absorbers. Iwo kuthetsa kungasokoneze cha capillary penetrant pa nkhani ya chinthu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti am'patse njira imeneyi si destructively.

Kutayikira kudziwika mu msoko monga njira kulamulira

Njira imeneyi zimadalira zikugwirizana ndi mfundo za sayansi yapita kulamulira, koma kusiyana kwambiri. Ngati njira capillary lolunjika pa tanthauzo lenileni la cavities mkati magawo, ndi kutayikira kudziwika mfundo Cholinga kupeza mbali imene kusindikiza wasweka. Mu nkhani iyi, msoko kuwotcherera akhoza kufufuzidwa osati mwa ntchito zipangizo madzi, komanso kudzera mpweya ndi mpweya osakaniza. Nthawi zambiri njira imeneyi ntchito kutsogolo kwa njira capillary, chifukwa kuti palokha ndi kutayikira kudziwika detects kuphwanya zikayamba mu malo kugwirizana, koma sasamalira zokhudza makhalidwe a chilema.

Kodi kusankha kulamulira njira mulingo woyenera?

Akatswiri amaipidwa ku ntchito imene iyenera kuchitidwa ndi ulamuliro wa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ali pamwamba anayendera, n'zotheka kusamalira anati kutayikira kudziwika luso kapena anakumana zithunzi anayendera. Pakuti mwakuya ndi zolondola kusanthula ntchito, akupanga, magetsi, ndi X-ray makina. Yotsatirayi, ganizirani mmene makamaka sanali zowononga chiyesedwe cha mfundo welded angakhale ogwira pamene akuyendera nkhani yeniyeni. Choncho, njira akupanga angagwiritsidwe ntchito chilichonse chilengedwe, koma ndi wokwera mtengo. Njira More angakwanitse a kuyang'ana zophophonya magetsi, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha pamaso khola gwero panopa.

Pomaliza

Control zimfundo mu kugwirizana zitsulo nyumba ndi yofunika ntchito yoyendera kudalirika. Zoperekedwa zotsatira zabwino, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa cholinga chake kapena kamangidwe. Komanso, si zowononga chiyesedwe cha mfundo welded ingatithandize kudziwa za malo akale ntchito. Patapita nthawi, ngakhale apamwamba seams imvera kuvala, kotero mayeso ayenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Pambuyo iye ndi zotsatira za kuwunika anapatsidwa maganizo pa chikhalidwe luso kukonza. Pamaziko a chikalatachi, injiniya kuyang'anira kusankha kapena kuthetsa chilema kapena pa kuvomera chinthu ntchito.