Novodvorskaja - ndani? Novodvorskaja Valeria Ilinichna. Novodvorskaja: yonena

Anthu ambiri masiku ano ayamba kutenga chidwi ndi mmene ndale za dziko lathu ndi dziko pa lalikulu. Ofunika m'dera limeneli lili Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Kale kwambiri zaka, anthu ambiri akuda nkhawa nkhani, imene ife kuyesetsa kumvetsa ndi. Kotero: Novodvorskaja - ndani ndi chimene chimapanga mkazi uyu?

Youth wa heroine wathu

Valeriya Novodvorskaya - wandale, ndi womenyera ufulu aliuma, owolowa manja-apamwamba. Iye anabadwa May 17, 1950 mu Belarus, Baranovichi. Majini mkaziyo kuchokera pamene magazi a wopanduka, chifukwa panali boma ambiri m'banja lake. Wambiri Novodvorskaia zinadzala ndi mafunso ambiri ndi zinsinsi zomwe iye Valeria Ilinichna ndi kukhazikika kuti m'tsogolo kuziyerekeza ndi American chosintha wamkazi. Ngakhale ife tonse tikudziwa kuti m'banja Novodvorsky ndi agogo awo a bambo ndi agogo anali woukira boma okonda nzika Valeria akunena kuti anakulira m'banja la aluntha, ndipo m'mbuyomu sikutanthauza aliyense amakhudzidwa m'maganizo mwake moyo.

bambo ake anali wasayansi, ndi mayi wake ntchito monga dokotala kuti, iwo kugwira ntchito ya boma. Mu zaka 17 Valeriya Novodvorskaya (chithunzi mnyamata mukhoza kuona kumanzere) analowa Moscow Institute of zilankhulo phunziro la chinenero French ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kulankhula motsutsana ndi Soviet Union ndi Soviet Union wonse.

Novodvorskaja mnyamata anatsogolera wokangalika zandale, umene adapachikidwa kangapo. Chifukwa cha zochita zake, iye anamangidwa mu 1969 kukhonda chokuchititsani chithandizo m'zipatala bongo. madokotala Russian kuika atapezeka, monga vuto lodana ndi akuchita misala. Koma izi, ndithudi, sanaime. Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza iwo anali kufuna ntchito chipani mobisa, kulimbana alipo pa nthawi imeneyo ndi boma chikominisi.

Zinachitikira yoyamba mfundo Valerii Novodvorskoy

Mu zaka 27, iye amalowerera kukaphunzira madzulo mu dipatimenti zigawo za University Pedagogical mu Moscow. Chabwino kukhala zilankhulo, Novodvorskaja Valeria Ilinichna kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu iye ntchito yomasulira mabuku, kupanga Mabaibulo a mabuku apadera ku sukulu zachipatala. Panthawi imeneyi, nthawi yake zitatu mlandu chifukwa propaganda odana Soviet ndi zoyesayesa zake indefatigable umenewu. Pa ntchito yake yaitali mu laibulale MOLGMI Novodvorskaja zambiri anasonyeza maganizo awo mphamvu. Zonse kulemba timapepala ta zosiyanasiyana zolembedwa mabodza, kuti njira yake cholankhulira ndi kuchita thobvu pakamwa akukuwa za mfundo yolakwika ya boma la Soviet. Zochita izi Valery Ilinichnu yomweyo zipolopolo zosiyanasiyana za nkhani, ndipo ngakhale anamangidwa.

Kupanga ndale

Komabe, ngakhale zosiyanasiyana ndipo amasowa panjira, Valery kumathandiza kulenga chipani amatchedwa "Democratic Alliance" Nthawi zambiri otsogolera pa misonkhano yosiyanasiyana kuti nkomwe udindo, ndipo si nthawi anachedwa ndi akuluakulu. Zachitika pa Intaneti Novodvorskaia ndi atamunamizira za mwano anthu Mihaila Gorbacheva, Pulezidenti wa USSR. Pambuyo kugwa kwa Union of Soviet Socialist, nthawi zambiri mbafuna boma Duma, koma chiwembu analephera. Mwakhama nawo chilengedwe cha chipani "Democratic Union of Russia" ndipo anali mmodzi wa mbali yoyamba ya latsopano Russian Federation Pulezidenti Boris Yeltsin. Mu 1994 anayamba yotsimikiza wosatha za ntchito yake, monga mwa katundu wake asindikizidwe m'nyuzipepala zosiyanasiyana, iye poyera imachitika mabodza nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndipo anayesa azinyadira mikangano yapakati-mitundu.

Ndipo tsopano ndi kaonedwe chidwi: Novodvorskaja amene izi mwa mawu a ofesi wozenga mlandu, amene nthawi zambiri anawabweretsera choncho mkazi chigawenga? Mkazi - woona mwayi mu moyo, chifukwa pambuyo chisangalalo motikomera mwamsanga kutsekedwa, chifukwa iyo inali wapezeka mu zochita zake zimapanga mlandu.

maganizo Political Valerie Ilinichny

Novodvorskaja, amene yonena lili zotsutsana ambiri ndi umboni, wadzikwaniritsa ndi olimbikira owolowa manja ndi kuthandiza maganizo Western pa moyo. Ndi mdani mtheradi wa chikominisi, mwana ngakhale kutchedwa "wamng'ono antisovetchitsey". Valeriya Novodvorskaya moyipa kwambiri kukhazikitsidwa monga ulamuliro masiku latsopano la Russia ndi maulamuliro Soviet, akuyitana athu dziko mwadzidzidzi nanyema, amene mabuleki dziko lonse ndi onse abwino. Kulankhula mabuku ena, Valery wokanayo ankaonera liberalism ndi demokalase. Iye anathandiza pa nthawi Estonia ndi Latvia biloyi, yemwe adapereka mchitidwe wosala anthu Chirasha m'mayiko amenewa.

Ndi yofunika kwambiri mu nkhani zandale Novodvorskaia masewero m'chiganizo kuti ufulu wa munthu, lingaliro chibadidwe aliyense wa ife Ndipotu, usadalire chirichonse, koma "anthu abwino". Inde, ndi mfundo "demokalase" Chilombocho tanthauzo lake, mwachitsanzo saganizira demokalase mphamvu ya anthu ambiri a m'dzikoli ndipo akukhulupirira kuti boma ayenera kagulu ka anthu amene amatsatira maganizo owolowa manja.

Kuganiza ndi kuti, monga, mkazi ndi chilengedwe kwathunthu ayamba chisoni ndi chifundo. Wachibale mabomba nyukiliya mu 1945 pa dera la mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki Novodvorskaja anasonyeza kuti okondwa chifukwa Japan. Chifukwa chifukwa dziko wakhala anazindikira lokha mawu andale amene panopa ku mutuwo, mpando waukulu wa mayiko asanu ndi awiri mu dziko, ali yamalamulo yake olekerera. Iye imakhumbira America ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndipo ananena kuti Japan kuthokoza kwa ndege American amene adawononga mizinda iwiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhondo US akuyesera kuti asiye chiwonongeko cha Japan monga dziko, chifukwa adagulung'undisa kuphompho komwe Zapakati, koma mapeto kunapezeka kuti limodzi la mayiko kutsogolera dziko ndi chuma chachikulu ndi mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko.

Valeriya Novodvorskaya ndi liberalism

A Novodvorskaja amene ndi wachibale olekerera chiyani? Mu ena amanena limati othandiza amagwira kwakukulu mu zina, m'malo mwake, sakhulupilira. Kumayambiriro 2009, Valery Ilinichna akufuna dongosolo yake pa chitukuko cha liberalism mu Russia.

Mfundo yaikulu ndi kuyamba mtima mosasamala kwa anthu ake ndi maganizo ambiri amene ananena m'tsogolo kuchita chinachake kwa anthu omwewo. Kachiwiri, ayenera kwathunthu ophunzitsidwa ndi mayiko Western ndi onyenga moyo wawo. Komanso lonse maphunziro amenewa ayenera lolimba kwa zaka zambiri. Novodvorskaja amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezera pa ufulu ndi ufulu wa chibadwidwe wa anthu chirichonse sanalinso ofunikira. China chirichonse anthu kupeza, osati kupempha boma. Chachitatu, kusintha anapangidwa ndi demokalase. Democracy, ndi Valerie maso zimasonyeza mphamvu gulu ŵakusanga la anthu amene amakhulupirira mu liberalism.

About Russia

Novodvorskaja amene izi kwa Russia? umagawanika Wamuyaya, sapereka mwamtendere? Valeria amayikidwa mu ubale kwa Russia ndi boma la Russia ndi zoipa. M'mawu ake anamva kunyoza, mkwiyo, ngakhale mosayembekezera kwa munthu wabwinobwino.

Kufotokoza mfundo yakuti anthu onse a mtundu Russian akhale m'ndende (osati mu ndende, mosonyeza "ndowa"), iye si mantha chilichonse kapena munthu aliyense. Iye akukhulupirira Russia khansa ya Dziko Lapansi, ndi anthu olankhula Chirasha - metastatic kufala padziko lonse ndipo mukhoza kukodzedwa ku mayiko ena. Apa pali zimene iye akuganiza za Novodvorskaja Russia - m'dziko limene akukhala.

Komabe, pali mfundo za ake a Russian. Iye, oddly mokwanira, wadzikwaniritsa woona Russian mkazi wina peresenti asanu amene sindigonja. Awa ndi anthu amene ali ndi chikumbukiro chawo ndi miyambo Denmark. Onse a moyo m'gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, akaipeza zolengedwa, amachita zochepa za ciliates. Izo zikufanana anthu Russian ndi zinyamazi, pterodactyls ndi ng'ona mu mawu awo kumene Novodvorskaja alibe skimp pa mawu ndi chionetsero cha maganizo ake ku Russia. Komanso, iye ali ndi njala nkhondo Russian ndi American ndipo akulota kuti yotsirizira ankazunza Russia ndi kuika Russian pa malo amene iwo oyenera ngati mphutsi. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa Novodvorskaja, yonena kuti ali mawanga ambiri mdima, amadana ndi anthu Russian ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi iwo, izo zimasonyeza m'mbuyomu dziko lathu. Iye anapereka chitsanzo cha zochitika zimene zinachitika pamene yoyamba ya padziko lonse, pamene alonda a White Army makamaka anamira mu nyanja. Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha ndi NKVD ya mnofu ndi anzeru Soviet, ndi kuchilemekeza Ayuda ake ku ukapolo kumpoto. Zochita izi zonse anakakhala ku moyo wa udani sizidzatha ulamuliro wa Soviet. Komabe, iye imakhumbira m'mayiko ena, Kulekerera nkhondo ndi kuukira, ndipo ngakhale kuwachirikiza zikunena awo.

Novodvorskaja m'mayiko ena

Kutchuka ndi flamboyant wandale amathandiza ndi zinthu zonse zimene poizoni miyoyo ya ku Russia ndi ku Russia kufufuta ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi. Iye kumbuyo molimba mtima ndiponso thandizo la zigawenga Chechen ndi Odzipatula wochititsa anaukira lonse kulanda anthu Russian. Pamene menaced chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi Georgia mu August 2008, ndi zotentheka osaneneka Novodvorskaja anamusilira Saakashvili. Pa nthawi Russia asapita yovuta Ukraine, ndi mkwiyo wa Novodvorskaja limalimbikitsa boma Chiyukireniya kukana Russian kukhalamo. Ngati mkaziyo anali ndi mwayi ndi mphamvu, Valery Ilinichna, iye anati, akanati yaitali anaima asilikali Chiyukireniya tithe pafupi militias lapansi.

Novodvorskaja pa dziko ndi chipembedzo cha munthu

zoona zokhudza amene ali ndi mitundu Novodvorskaja Valery Ilinichna paliponse. Makamaka sanali lengezani osiyana chipembedzo chinachake. Valeria iye akuti Russian, ngakhale anabadwa mu Belarus. Ndi udindo lenilenilo monga Mkhristu woona. Mutawerenga mu zaka zao za sikisite cha Uthenga Wabwino, Valeria anazindikira cholinga chawo, ndipo anatengera chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu okha nineties Mu zaka zapitazo. Malinga ndi zina agona monga iye akulambira Ayuda ndi asamabisanso chakuti dzina lake - ndi pseudonym. Mwina bambo ake anali Myuda ndipo makamaka anasintha dzina lake, falsified zikalata za m'dziko la Ayuda mwamtendere khadi kulowa m'dera la America, ku New York. Komabe, kusamukira ku moyo mu Israel, mkazi uyu alibe mtima. Iye ananena kuti lamulo woyera pa kubwerera kwa Ayuda kudziko lakwawo pa adzukulu ndi adzukulu zazikulu si anaphimba Choncho, ndi izo, nawonso. Mu nineties ndi, Valeria Ilinichna anatengera unzika Chijojiya ndipo anathandiza mwachangu boma Chijojiya. Ponena za mtundu wa munthu, Novodvorskaja saona munthu monga nthumwi ya fuko. Pa kufunika dziko kuyang'ana ndende ndi munthu mmodzi anatulutsa la anthu, sangapereke molondola wachokera kwa anthu ake. Musatseke izo, Valeria Ilinichna imakhumbira okha United States, molakwika okha mfundo zimene amaona kuthandiza pantchito ndi olephera zazikulu lalikulu kuposa iwo ayenera.

moyo Novodvorskaia

Valeria Ilinichna kwa ntchito ya zaka zambiri zandale akanakhoza kuti tisiye lonse la Russia, tikhoza kunena kuti mtundu wonse amadana ake. Koma zimakhala zosavuta ntchito ndi izi nawo mu kutsutsana ndyale, osayanjanitsika mwamtheradi, monga iye analavulira pa maganizo a anthu ena. Malinga zamaganizo ambiri, chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri chonchi mokwiya kukhumudwa mu moyo wake. Novodvorskaja, amene moyo alibe zinsinsi, chifukwa pali chabe palibe zonena kuti moyo wake unali konse pabedi ndi mwamuna, ndiye pali namwali '64 wanga. Valeria ayesera zonse kutsimikizira kuti iye alibe nazo mwamtheradi chimwemwe chidziko, mabwenzi adalinso ndi moyo kugonana, anthu abwinobwino. Mwamtheradi modekha ndi kunena kumutsutsa ndale Russian ndi boma la Russia, iye amapereka zolankhula undisguised Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi dumbo. Malinga anthu ambiri padziko moyo wake wake Novodvorskaia ndi kuwaganizira ena odzikonda, amene mwapadera sintha ena ndi. Iye amafika chifuniro chachikulu ichi woona ndi amakhutitsidwa kwathunthu ndi miyoyo yawo.

Komabe, pali munthu amene anasonyeza chifundo kwa izi angaloŵe, moona, osati kukongola - izi ndi mnzake, bwenzi zosonyeza andale, wothandizira Borovoy Konstantin Natanovich (kumanzere mu chithunzi - ndi Novodvorskaja Borovoy). Koma palibe kugwirizana kwambiri pakati pa iwo sanali. Mu Borovoy ali ndi mkazi, ana awiri ndi zidzukulu atatu, komanso Novodvorskaja, malinga ndi iye, sindikanakwanitsa analola yekha kuwononga mwayi banja lawo. Choncho, kutsutsana ndi lolondola mawu pa chiyero pristine Novodvorskaia palibe munthu angathe. Ndipo, kachiwiri, malinga kwambiri Valerie, kugonana - ndi wokongola yosasangalatsa, koma amene amadziwa choonadi? Mu zokambirana zake ndi Valery Ilinichna atemberera KGB ndipo ananena kuti boma la Soviet mosatsata ake a n'zotheka kukwatira, kubereka gulu la ana ndi mayi ndi mkazi. Novodvorskaia mwamuna sanapeze mu zaka zonsezi. Anati Valery, konse mu moyo wanga sanali munthu, ndi kuti iye anali kusangalala kuti, ngati munthu sadzatha kupeza pamodzi.

Novodvorskaja tsopano

• Panopa Valeriya Novodvorskaya ndi wamtendere zandale kuposa unyamata wake. Koma mu zaka zingapo zapitazi zandale chitsimikizo ake adamva kuti kulimbana oyambirira kuti demokalase anali chabe kuchenjerera dongosolo chinyengo yozungulira njira iye ankati cholinga chake.
• Iye ndi mtolankhani zodabwitsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo chinkhoswe mu maphunziro, analemba mabuku. Pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake Konstantin Borovoy ndi zonse mavidiyo pamene amakambirana ndale za dziko, koma ku mawonedwe cha kutsutsidwa ndi ovomereza-Western malangizo.
• Panopa pa TV Novodvorskaya Tingaone kawirikawiri, kuyambira zinatha ndinaitanidwa kulikonse.
• Valeria Ilinichna momasuka ndi mosavuta kulankhula English ndi French, ndipo akudziwa Latin, Italy, ndi German.
• Kodi Novodvorskaja, kudziŵika kuti aliyense. Koma akukhulupirira kuti iye amakhala mwakachetechete mudzi waung'ono pafupi Moscow, wotchedwa Kratovo kuposa am'deralo sindinu okondwa kwambiri.