Planet Phaeton. maphunziro Scientific a dziko lapansili dzuŵa

Planetary kufufuza - zosangalatsa. Tikudziwa kuti chilengedwe akadali ochepa kwambiri moti nthawi zambiri, inu simungakhoze kuyankhula za mfundo, ndi malingaliro chabe. Kuphunzira mapulaneti - ichi ndi mbali imene atulukira lalikulu adakali patsogolo. Komabe, za chinachake iwe ukhoza kudziwa. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wa dziko lapansili dzuŵa akhala akufufuza kwa zaka zingapo.

Mu chithunzi m'munsimu (kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja) wa dziko Mercury, Venus, Earth ndi Mars amaoneka zazikulu awo wachibale.

Maganizo oti pakati Jupiter ndi Mars pali dziko, yambani adafotokoza mu 1596 Iogann Kepler. Mu maganizo ake unali kuchokera chakuti pakati pa mayiko awa ndi zozungulira danga lalikulu. ubwenzi wazotsatira kufotokoza pafupifupi mtunda kuchokera dzuwa ya mapulaneti zosiyanasiyana, anali kukonza mu 1766. Amadziwika ngati Titiyo-Bode. Koma zidzaonekera poyera dziko, malinga ndi lamulo limeneli, tiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2.8 ndi m'chigawochi. e.

The kopanda Ticius kudziwika asteroids

Chifukwa cha kuphunzira mtunda zosiyanasiyana mapulaneti ku Sun, ikuchitika mu theka 2 zaka za m'ma 18, Titiyo, ndi German wasayansi, anapanga lingaliro chidwi. Iye conjectured kuti pakati Jupiter ndi Mars pali thupi lina zakuthambo. Mu 1801, kuti, patapita zaka zochepa, anatulukira asteroid Ceres. Iye anagwidwa molondola kwambiri mtunda kuchokera Dzuwa, lolingana ulamuliro Titiyo. Patapita zaka zingapo anatulukira asteroid Juno, Sitimayo inagunda ndi Vesta. zawozo ali pafupi kwambiri Ceres.

ndikuganiza Olbers

Olbers, a zinthu zakuthambo German (chithunzi cha zapatsidwa pamwambazi), pa maziko a izi anena kuti pakati Jupiter ndi Mars patali Dzuwa ndi za 2.8 mayunitsi zakuthambo analipodi dziko, izo tsopano unagawika asteroids ambiri. Iye anayamba kuitana Shay. Anthu ena amanena kuti dzikoli analipodi zamoyo, ndipo n'zotheka kuti chitukuko lonse. Komabe, si onse a Phaeton dziko Tingaone monga woposa chabe hunch a.

Maganizo za kuwonongedwa kwa Phaeton

Asayansi kwa zaka za m'ma 20 adafotokoza kuti pafupifupi 16 chikwi. Zaka zapitazo dziko Wonenedwa anaphedwa. A zambiri mtsutso tsopano chibwenzi monga zifukwa zimene zinachititsa kuti ngoziyo. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti yokoka Jupiter anaonetsetsa kuwonongedwa kwa Phaeton. Wina malingaliro - zochitika paphirilo. malingaliro ena zokhudza maganizo zochepa za makolo - kuwombana Nibiru, amene kanjira akudutsa kudutsa dongosolo dzuwa; ndi nkhondo ya nyukiliya.

Moyo pa Phaeton?

N'zovuta kuweruza kuti kunali moyo pa Phaeton, ngakhale kuli kwambiri za padziko lapansi ndi zovuta kuzitsimikizira. Komabe, kafukufuku ikuchitika bwanji atumwi wotsiriza kuti zikhoza kukhala zoona. Umberto Kempins, mkasidi ntchito pa University ku Central Florida, anati pa msonkhano wapachaka wa Dipatimenti ya Planetary Sciences chakuti gulu lake adapeza madzi pa asteroid 65 Cybele. Malinga ndi iye, asteroid pamwamba TACHIMATA ndi wosanjikiza woonda ayezi (a ochepa micrometers). Ndipo kuda m'menemo la tinthu organic anapezeka. Lamba chomwecho pakati Jupiter ndi Mars, pa asteroid ndi Cybele. Madzi pang'ono poyamba anali pa 24 Themis. Pa Vesta ndi Ceres, ndi asteroid lalikulu, komanso anapeza. Ngati likukhalira kuti ndi wreckage wa Phaeton, ndi N'kuthekanso kuti dzikoli chafika moyo Earth organic.

Masiku ano, amanena kuti kalelo kunali dziko Phaeton, sayansi boma ndi losadziwika. Komabe, pali zambiri ofufuza ndiponso asayansi amene mfundo yoti ili si nthano chabe. Anali Phaeton dziko? Scientist Olbers, amene takambirana kale, akukhulupirira.

Olbers maganizo za imfa ya Phaeton

Takambirana kale anauza kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino kuti zakuthambo masiku Genriha Olbersa (18-19 m'ma) munatenga lingaliro lakuti m'mbuyomu panali lalikulu lakumwamba thupi pakati pa zili m'njira ya Mars ndi Jupiter. Iwo ankafuna kumvetsa zimene womwalirayo anali dziko Phaeton. Olbers akadali zambiri kwambiri kukonza maganizo akewo. Iye anandiuza kuti comets ndi asteroids inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa choona kuti dziko lalikulu inasokoneza mu zidutswa. Chifukwa cha ichi sanathe kukhala kusiyana lake mkati ndi kanthu kunja (kumenya). Kale m'zaka 19 zinaonekeratu kuti ngati kalekale, ndipo panali dzikoli Wonenedwa, zinali zimasiyana zimphona gasi monga Neptune, Uranus, Saturn ndi Jupiter. Ambiri mwina, mwiniwake mapulaneti lapadziko ndi mu dongosolo la zowalitsa, monga Mars, Venus ndi Mercury.

Njira pafupifupi kukula ndi misa, Verrier akufuna

pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, chiwerengero cha asteroids anapeza anali adakali ang'ono. Komanso kukula kwawo osati akhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, kunali kosatheka kuti akachite zinthu ziyenera atangochimwa kukula ndi kulemera kwa dziko Wonenedwa. Komabe, Urbain Le Verrier, French zakuthambo (chithunzi cha zapatsidwa pamwambazi), akufuna njira yatsopano ya kuwerengetsa, amene bwino ntchito ndi asayansi malo lero. Kuti timvetse akamanena za njira izi, m'pofunika digress. Ife kufotokoza mmene Neptune anatulukira.

Kupezeka kwa Neptune

Chochitika ichi kunali kupambana njira ntchito kufufuza malo. Kupezeka kwa dzikoli mu dongosolo la zowalitsa woyamba theoretically "masamu" kenako anapeza Neptune mu mlengalenga mu malo amenewo, zomwe zinali kuloseredwa.

Kuzipenya a Uranus, anatulukira mu 1781 ankaoneka mpata kulenga tebulo molondola zimene mapulaneti kanjira zimene anafotokoza mfundo Pre-anatsimikiza ndi ofufuza. Komabe, kuchita izi sizinachitike, chifukwa Uranus mu zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 19. zonse kuthamanga n'kupitirira, nayamba kulisunga ndi zinthu zimene apeza ndi asayansi zaka m'tsogolo. Kusanthula osakhalitsa za kayendedwe ake mu kanjira kake, ndi zakuthambo anaganiza kuti payenera kukhala kudziko lina iye (ie Neptune), amene agogoda iye "kusokera" chifukwa yokoka ake. The zolakwika a Uranus ndi makonzedwe a masamu chofunika kudziwa chimene chikhalidwe cha gulu limeneli ndi wosaoneka, ndi kupeza malo kumwamba.

French wofufuza Urbain Le Verrier ndi English wasayansi Dzhon Adams anaganiza pa vuto limeneli. Iwo onse anatha kukwaniritsa za zotsatira zofanana. Komabe, England analibe mwayi - zakuthambo sanakhulupirire kuwerengetsera wake ndi kuyang'anila anayamba. More wabwino tsoka anali ku Le Verrier. Kwenikweni tsiku lotsatira atalandira kalata kuchokera kuwerengetsera Urbena Johann Galle ku Germany wofufuza, apezedwa zinaloseredwa kwa dziko latsopano. Motero, "pa nsonga ya cholembera," monga iwo amati zambiri, September 23, 1846 Neptune anatulukira. Iwo anali ndikusinthidwa maganizo pa maplaneti angati dongosolo dzuwa. Kunapezeka kuti iwo sanali 7, monga mmene ankaganizira poyamba, ndipo 8.

Monga Verrier anatsimikiza unyinji wa Phaeton

Urbain Le Verrier kudziwa zimene kulemera ndi Wonenedwa lakumwamba thupi, amene adati Olbers zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. Unyinji wa asteroids onse, kuphatikizapo sanatsegula pa nthawi, izo zikanakhala zotheka kuti asa-, ntchito phindu la ntchito ovutitsa, amene amamasulira zoyenda la Mars asteroid lamba. Pankhaniyi, ndithudi, kuchotsedwa fumbi dziko ndi zinthu zakuthambo, amene ali mwa lamba asteroid, adzakhala OSAWERENGEKA. Ayenera kuonedwa Mars komanso mmene chimphona asteroid lamba, Jupiter anali ochepa.

Verrier anayamba kugwiritsa Mars. Iye kusanthula zolakwika osadziŵika anati mu lamulo la perihelion wa mpita wa dziko. Iye amati misa lamba asteroid sayenera upambana 0.1-0.25 misa Dziko Lapansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana, akatswiri ena afika zotsatira ofanana mu zaka kudza.

Kuphunzira Phaeton m'zaka za m'ma 20

A siteji latsopano Phaeton idayamba m'ma 20. Ndi nthawi iyi panali zotsatira zambiri za kuphunzira osiyanasiyana meteorites. Zimenezi zinathandiza asayansi kuti mudziwe zimene dongosolo akanakhoza ndi dziko Phaeton. Ndipotu, ngati tingayerekezere kuti lamba asteroid ndi ndiwo meteorites kugwa padziko lapansi, muyenera kuvomereza kuti Wonenedwa dziko chipolopolo dongosolo anali ofanana ndi zimene anali mapulaneti lapansi.

Mitundu itatu yofala meteorites - chitsulo, chitsulo mwala ndi mwala - amasonyeza kuti Phaeton thupi lili chovala, kutumphuka ndi chitsulo faifi tambala pachimake. Kuyambira zipolopolo osiyana a dziko, amene anaphwanya kamodzi, meteorites inapangidwa makalasi awa atatu. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti achondrites, kotero amatikumbutsa mchere kutumphuka, zikhoza kupangidwa chifukwa cha khungwa la Phaeton. Chondrites mwina anapanga ku chovala chapamwamba. Iron meteorites ndiye anatuluka phata ake, ndi ku zigawo m'munsi mwa chovala - mwala sitima.

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a meteorites zomwe zimagwa padziko lapansi, tikhoza kuŵerengera makulidwe a kotekisi, ndi phata kukula, komanso kukula chonse cha dziko Wonenedwa. Planet Phaeton, malinga ndi kafukufuku uyu, anali ochepa. About 3 zikwi Km ndi utali wozungulira wa. Kuti ndi kukula kwa zinali zofanana ndi Mars.

Pulkovo zakuthambo mu 1975 lofalitsidwa ndi pepala KN Savchenko (zaka za moyo - 1910-1956). Iye anati dziko Phaeton pa unyinji wa dziko lapansi ndi gulu. Malinga Savchenko akuti ndinafunitsitsa chikutanthauza kuti Mars. 3440 Km anali utali wozungulira ake.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, palibe kugwirizana pakati zakuthambo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani zimene chabe lapadziko 0,001 misa Akuti chapamwamba omangidwa Unyinji wa mapulaneti yaing'ono, asteroids anakonza mu mphete. Pamene zikuonekeratu kuti pa zaka mabilioni kuti kuchokera kuwonongedwa kwa Phaeton, Dzuwa, mayiko ndi makina awo amakopeka ndi unyinji wa zidutswa. zotsalira ambiri Phaeton zaka akhala n'kukhala fumbi dziko.

Asayansi kusonyeza kuti chimphona Jupiter ali wamkulu resonant zotsatira yokoka, chifukwa cha zomwe kunja kanjira akanakhoza adzaponyedwa ambiri ndithu asteroids. Amanenera, mwamsanga pamene kuchuluka kwa nkhaniyi zam'tsogolo nthaŵi 10,000 kuposa lero. asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Phaeton kulemera pa nthawi kuphulika akanakhoza upambana misa masiku ano lamba asteroid mu 3000 kachiwiri.

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti Phaeton ndi zikuphulika nyenyezi amene anasiya kamodzi dongosolo dzuwa, kapena alipo lero ndipo onsewo pa kanjira elongated. Mwachitsanzo, L. V. Konstantinovskaya akukhulupirira kuti nyengo kusintha kwa mapulaneti ozungulira Sun - zaka 2800. chithunzi Ichi ndi pa mtima wa kalendala Mayan ndi Hindu kalendala. kafukufuku ananena kuti zaka 2000 zapitazo, zinaoneka kuti nyenyezi pa kubadwa kwa Yesu, Amagi. Anautcha nyenyezi ya Betelehemu.

Mfundo mogwirizana osachepera

Michael Ouvend, Canada zakuthambo amene anakonza lamulo mu 1972, amene amadziwika kuti mfundo mogwirizana kochepa. Iye anandiuza lagona pa mfundo imeneyi, kuti pakati Jupiter ndi Mars pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni 10 zapitazo, kunali dziko kuti inali nthawi 90 chachikulu kuposa Earth kwambiri. Komabe, pa zifukwa zosadziwika, koma unawonongedwa. Pankhaniyi, mbali yaikulu ya comets ndi asteroids kenako anakopeka Jupiter. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, Saturn panopa akuti thupi ndi za 95 wt Earth. Ochita kafukufuku akukhulupirira kuti Pankhani imeneyi Phaeton amafunika kwambiri wolephera Saturn.

The kopanda za misa ya Phaeton, zochokera generalization a kuwunika

Choncho, ngati inu mwazindikira, ndi kusintha pang'ono kwambiri mu akuti misa, choncho kukula kwa dzikoli, omwe amakhala ku Mars kuti Saturn. M'mawu ena, ndi za 0,11-0,9 misa ya Earth. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa sayansi akadali sadziwa zimene anali kuyambira nthawi tsoka nthawi. Mosadziwa pamene dziko unatha, sikutheka kuti kwambiri kapena zochepa molondola mfundo za thupi lakelo.

Monga zambiri choncho, ayenera zotsatirazi: choonadi ndi pakati. Makulidwe ndi kulemera kwa Phaeton akufa angakhale mwachinsinsi ndi mfundo za sayansi view kukula ndi unyinji wa Dziko lathu. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti Phaeton anali za 2-3 kuposa index lomaliza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kupitiliza kukula kwa dziko lathu kwinakwake mu nthawi 1.5.

Rebuttal Olbers chiphunzitso mu 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 20

Tikumbukenso kuti asayansi ambiri kale mu 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 n'kuyamba kukhala akufuna Genrihom Olbersom chiphunzitso. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti nthano ya dziko Phaeton - zosaposa kungoganizira, amene n'zosavuta kutsutsa. Masiku ano, ofufuza ambiri okonda amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi Jupiter, iye sakanakhoza kuonekera pakati pa zili m'njira ya Mars ndi Jupiter. Choncho, n'zosatheka kulankhula zoti kamodzi panali chiwonongeko cha dziko Phaeton. Iye "nyongolosi", monga amanena, akhala chosakanikirana ndi Jupiter, kuti anzawo kapena anataya m'madera ena System wathu Dzuwa. Waukulu "ponena" kuti nthano anasowa dziko Phaeton akhoza kukhala Choncho, ndi Jupiter. Komabe, anazindikira kuti powonjezera panali zinthu zina pa zomwe kudzikundikira dziko sizinachitike.

Planet V

Chidwi anatulukira mu zakuthambo ndi America. Kuchokera pa zotsatira analandira ntchito mawerengeredwe masamu, Jack ndi Lissa Dzhon Chembers, NASA asayansi amanena kuti asteroid lamba pakati pa Mars ndi biliyoni 4 zaka zapitazo, kunali dziko ndi loopsali kwambiri ndi eccentric kanjira. Iwo dzina "Planet V". linakhalapo Komabe, si anatsimikizira komabe, palibe zina zamakono malo kufufuza. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti dziko chachisanu anafa, kugwa pa dzuwa. Komabe, maganizo tsopano palibe munthu anakhoza kutsimikizira. N'zochititsa chidwi, malinga ndi Baibulo ili dziko Kodi kuwamanga mapangidwe lamba asteroid.

Awa ndi zikhulupiriro yaikulu ya zakuthambo pa vuto la kukhalako kwa Phaeton. maphunziro Scientific a dziko lapansili dzuŵa zikupitirirabe. Zikuoneka, anapatsidwa zomwe Mu zaka zapitazo mu kufufuza malo posachedwapa ife tidzatuluka watsopano chidwi zambiri. Amene amadziwa mapulaneti ambiri akuyembekezera kuti anapeza ...

Pomaliza, kunena nthano wokongola wa Phaeton.

Nthano ya Phaeton

Pa Helios, dzuwa mulungu (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), kuchokera Klimov, amene mayi ake anali nyanja wamkazi Thetis, mwana dzina lake Phaeton. Epaphus, mwana wa Zeu ndi wachibale wa khalidwe waukulu, kamodzi akukayikira kuti bambo wa Phaeton kwenikweni Helios. Iye anakwiya ndi kumufunsa kuti makolo ake kusonyeza kuti ndi mwana wake. Phaeton ankafuna tiyeni kumuyendetsa pa golide gareta wake wotchuka. Helios anali mantha, iye anati kuti ngakhale Zeus kwambiri, sangathe kulamulira izo. Komabe, Shay analimbikira, ndipo anavomera.

Mwana wa Helios analumpha pa galeta, koma sanathe kusintha akavalo. Pamapeto pake anamasulidwa impso. Akavalo, poona ufulu, ankathamanga ngakhale mofulumira. Kenako chinapululutsa kwambiri pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, ndiye anakwera nyenyezi. Earth zinagwira moto unachokera galetalo. Aphedwa mafuko lonse, moto nkhuni. Phaeton mu utsi wakuda sanadziwe kumene anali kupita. Tinayamba adzauma m'nyanja, ndi kutentha anayamba kuvutika ngakhale nyanja mulungu.

Ndiye Gaia-Earth anati, adapotolokera kwa Zeus kuti posakhalitsa zonse adzakhalanso milu primordial, ngati izi zikupita pa. Iye anafunsa aliyense kupulumutsa ku chiwonongeko. Zeus anamvetsera kuchonderera ake, anaweyuridwa dzanja lake lamanja, chinaponyedwa mphezi ndipo kuzimitsa moto. The galeta Helios adafanso. Kuimika akavalo, ndi zidutswa za momwazikanamwazikana kumwamba. Helios chisoni chachikulu anatseka nkhope yake silinafike tsiku lonse kumwamba kowala. Ground yokutidwa moto yekha ndi moto.