Mabuku ndi kulemba nkhani, Zopeka
Ntchito zonse Dostoevsky mndandanda. Zolemba Fodora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo
ntchito zonse Dostoevsky, mndandanda wa ndilo phunziro la ndemanga iyi, anakhala zapamwamba osati Russian, komanso dziko mabuku. Nkhaniyi adzapatsidwa ntchito otchuka wolemba. Yaikulu buku wolemba akuphunzira kusukulu. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake mobwerezabwereza ankafotokozedwa ndipo anaikidwa pa siteji, yemwe akuyankhula kwa awo zosapindulitsa kwenikweni ndi zoyenerera.
buku loyamba
Onse ntchito za Dostoevsky (mndandanda adzayamba ndi mawu onena za bukhu anamuika wotchuka mu mabwalo zolembalemba) kusonyeza mosalekeza talente imodzi ya wolemba. Izi ndi "anthu osauka" buku, analengedwa 1846. Bukuli ndi chidwi chifukwa kwalembedwa za mtundu wanyimbo epistolary. The protagonist, Makar Devushkin, mu makalata ndi mtsikana amene ndimawakonda, koma kodi mumayenda anamuuza maganizo ake chifukwa achikulire. Komanso, amakhulupirira kuti sayenera ake, ngakhale kuti nayenso iye.
Ndi mawonekedwe ngati wa ulaliki wa nkhani mwatsatanetsatane ndipo anatha molondola kupereka maganizo a anthu otchulidwa wake Fyodor Dostoevsky. "Anthu osauka" - buku, amene anali wofunika kwambiri ndi wotsutsa wotchuka Vissarion Belinsky.
Iye anatsegula njira kuti wolemba achinyamata m'dziko zolembalemba, ndi dzina lake kuti owerenga ambiri.
nkhani zoseketsa
wolemba sanafune kuti akhale ponse pa mtundu wanyimbo la sewero ndi kuchita za zosiyanasiyana masitaelo. Iye osati analemba prose, koma kulemba ndi ndakatulo. Ndiponso, kutulutsidwa kwa buku loyamba m'kuunika, iye adaganiza zolenga ntchito ya zilembo azithunzithunzi mu mawonekedwe a m'makalata. Choncho anabadwa "buku mu Naini Letters" - nkhani zoseketsa, lomwe linasindikizidwa mu "Contemporary" magazini mu 1847. Ntchito imeneyi - makalata a kutchova awiri, omwe amafuna kunyenga mnzake.
Gogol wolemba akutsatira mayina awiri ofanana n'kuika mbali khalidwe. Mmodzi wa iwo - woganizira ena ndiponso waulemu, wachiwiri - M'malo mwake, amwano komanso osapita m'mbali. Komabe, onse anali adzaperekedwa ndi anzawo wamba. ntchito zonse Dostoevsky, mndandanda wa limene lili malemba ochititsa chidwi ndipo zomvetsa chisoni koma zoseketsa amuonetse monga chidwi chabwino ndi woganiza kwambiri.
"Chipongwe ndi kuvulaza"
Icho chinali choyamba ntchito yaikulu lolembedwa ndi wolemba atabwerera ku ukapolo. Inasindikizidwa mu 1861. Mtsutso moni ndi chipsinjo chachikulu, kupatula magazini "Contemporary", anatamanda storyline ndi zilembo. Nkhani ndi mu dzina la munthu woyamba - mnyamata wolemba Ivan, amene ophimbidwa mbali autobiographical la wolemba.
buku Dostoevsky a "The chipongwe ndi kuvulaza" ali mizere nkhani ziwiri, zomwe zimachititsa nkhani penapake amaona. Komabe, ngakhale bukuli likufothokoza kusonyeza kudzera mbali ya kalembedwe wolembayo - kwambiri maganizo kusanthula mtima, chifundo kwa onse anagonjetsa - mutu limene likuyenda mu ntchito yonse ya wolemba.
"Player"
Mozama kusanthula kuwerenga maganizo ndi makhalidwe a anthu amasiyana ntchito zonse Dostoevsky. Mndandanda wa mabuku a wolemba n'kofunika kubwezeretsanso otchulidwa autobiographical buku.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mabuku ovuta kwambiri mu ntchito za wolemba osonyezedwa zowawa zake nyama, ndi ubale yovuta wake wokondedwa, amene anali ngati zinachitika kwa mbali yaikulu buku la, komanso odziwika Nastasi Filippovny mu buku lotchedwa "The chitsiru." Pakati - munthu amene ziwanda kumulakalaka mkazi amakonda, komanso njuga.
Ntchito za 1860-1870-m
Zolemba Fedora Dostoevskogo zikuphatikizapo ambiri ntchito ya Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma wotchuka kwambiri mabuku analenga zaka khumi ndi.
Mu 1866 iye analemba buku "Chilango", omwe anakhala tingachipeze powerenga za mtundu wanyimbo ndi imodzi mwa ntchito yabwino ya wolemba. Kuphunzira ntchito ili m'gulu maphunziro kusukulu, kuwonjezera, wakhala mobwerezabwereza anajambula.
Mu zaka zitatu, iye analemba imodzi mwa ntchito kwambiri chidwi ndi zazikulu - buku "The chitsiru", amene ankaona chikondi ambiri a buku lake, ngakhale denouement zomvetsa chisoni.
The 1870s adaona kuwala kwa mmodzi wa zovuta kwambiri ntchito zake - ". Abale Karamazov" Bukuli amakhala ndi kuya nthanthi storyline, mbiri zovuta ndi zilembo m'zigawozigawo. Mlembi anauyamba kusonyeza zovuta makhalidwe boma la anthu ena mfundo za kufala kwa malingaliro chosintha ndi nihilism, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa mfundo ndi miyambo.
Nkhani ndi blog,
wolemba wagwira ntchito osati prose mtundu wanyimbo yaikulu, komanso analemba ndi ntchito yaing'ono. Mmodzi wa mabuku wotchuka kwambiri - buku nthanthi "kawiri." Limanena za mbiri ya underling amene anali womangika kwambiri, wokayikakayika, anabalalika. Tsiku lina iye anali ndi awiri, amene anatha mofulumira chichitike zikomo ake kuti luso, see, oipa ndi nkhanza. Zojambula poyera kufooka anthu ndi servility, zomwe zachititsa chakuti kampani anatengera amapasa mmalo mwa munthu bwino. Zino, mukhoza kutchula nkhani zoseketsa "mkazi wina Man ndi mwamuna pansi pa bedi." Ntchito imeneyi ndi lodzala ndi wabwino nthabwala zabwino, zimene ndi osamvetseka kwa cholembera cha wolemba.
Ine ndiyenera kunena mawu ochepa pa tsikulo, limene nkhani osati za ntchito yake, komanso zakukhosi za chitukuko za ndale komanso a Russia, komanso maganizo ake pa za mayiko a dziko. Tsikulo kuwulula wolemba mkati, monga izo akugwirizana zinsinsi za luso lake ndi luso, limafotokoza maganizo ndi mfundo imene ikuchitikira ku prose. Blog kofalitsidwa 1873 ndi 1881, lomwe limasonyeza chidwi wolemba ndi owerenga ntchito imeneyi.
ndakatulo
Dostoevsky mavesi kusonyeza luntha lake si wolemba prose, koma ndakatulo. Imodzi mwa ntchito yake yoyamba m'nyimbo "pa zochitika European mu 1854" anadzipereka ku nthawi za Crimea nkhondo. Mu izo, wolemba limafotokoza maganizo ake pa mbiriyakale ya Russia ndi utumiki umenewu kumasulidwa kwa anthu Orthodox. Iye ananena kuti, ngakhale kuopseza dziko Ulaya zowawa mayesero iliyonse monga kale kwa zaka zambiri.
ndakatulo Dostoyevsky, makamaka kuonetsa maganizo ake ndiponso ndale. Ntchito zake "Pa July 1, 1855", Iye akulankhula za tsogolo la Russia, chiyembekeza chitsitsimutso chake, nafunsa mfumu amukhululukire, ndi mbali ya masewera kale kutsutsidwa. Kalembedwe khama tsiku la Mfumukazi ya kubadwa ndi mzimu wosiyana kukonda dziko lako ndi wokhutira aumunthu.
Iye analembanso ndakatulo "Pa coronation ndi mapeto a mtendere," amene amakondwerera Kubwera kwa mtendere ndi coronation chatsopano Mfumu Alexander II. Mwa wolemba lyric akhoza kunachitikanso epigram wake pa msilikaliyo Bavarian, komanso mankhwala a "nihilism kulimbana ndi kuona mtima". The ntchito otsiriza chidwi chifukwa mwa iwo wolemba akufotokoza maganizo ake ndale gululi latsopano mu Russia. Muyenera kukhazikitsa gulu la ndakatulo "kope wanga yakalavula gaga" - magulu folklore zinthu zimene iye asonkhana mu ukapolo wake.
ntchito zina
review iyi ikufotokoza yekha ntchito otchuka wolemba wotchuka, ndi haratkeristika mwachidule amene akuimira mu tebulo zotsatirazi.
| dzina | mafotokozedwe |
| "Netochka Nezvanova" | Izi buku yosatha a wolemba, limene linatuluka mu 1849. Ntchito wolemba Limanena za tsogolo la mtsikana amene unachitikira kovuta mwana, ndipo kenako anakafika ku nyumba wolemera, pamene iye anatengedwa kuchokera kwa chifundo. Komabe, chinsinsi lowopsya la banja amakakamiza kuti achoke malo ichi |
| "Mwana" | Ntchito za mnyamata amene anali wapathengo, ndipo izi anayamba pachibwenzi ndi bambo ake. Mu buku, mlembiyu ri zamaganizo wochenjera wa akutulukira anyamata ndi mabwenzi ake ndi anthu ena |
| "White Mausiku" | Izi ntchito m'nyimbo ya wolemba, mwina kwambiri ukusuntha ndi kuwala kwa mabuku ake onse kwambiri. Nkhani ya chikondi pakati pa achinyamata awiri amene anakakamizika kusiya chifukwa cha kubwerera kwa mtsikana mkwatibwi |
| "Amalume a Dream" | Ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri, imene nthabwala ndipo sewero lanthabwala wothira tsoka. Buku laperekedwa kwa chibwenzi osaka Prince kwa mtsikana amene kale anali bwenzi anatha akhutire kuti ukwati wake m'tsogolo adaona m'maloto, chifukwa Prince afa |
| "The Mudzi Stepanchikovo" | Nkhani limafotokoza nkhani ya chipwirikiti zachilendo m'mudzi waung'ono wa mapulani ukwati ngwazi |
| "Nyumba ya Akufa" | ntchito ndi chidwi chifukwa autobiographical ndipo limatiuza nkhani za moyo wa akaidi mu ndende. Author zoperekedwa maganizo awo ndi zidindo pambuyo kugwirizana |
| "Buku kuchokera Mobisa" | kulemba likunena za zochitika za pa moyo wa mnyamata wa ku anzeru. N'zochititsa chidwi chifukwa mwa iwo wolemba ri khalidwe la ngwazi ndi pakamwa pake |
| "The Dream Munthu Zopusa" | Nkhani limatiuza za ngwazi poyesa adziphe ndi kubadwanso pambuyo pa kugona zachilendo |
Komanso, tiyenera kutchula wotchuka ntchito journalistic la wolemba.
| dzina | mbali |
| "Petersburg Chronicle" | A nkhani satirical, imene wolemba wamng'ono akutamanda kwawo ponena kuti amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Russia. Koma essays waposachedwapa olemera ndi wachisoni chifanizo cha mzinda, ndiye umaonekera mabuku a |
| "Mfundo Zima pa Chilimwe Chidwi" | Izi ndi mndandanda wa essays pa ulendo wolembayo kudzera Europe ndi maganizo kumayiko Russian European |
| "Pushkin" | A kusanthula zakuya za ntchito za ndakatulo otchuka ndi kufunika kwake kwa mabuku dziko |
Choncho, ntchito Dostoevsky a anali m'zigawozigawo kwambiri: anagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana Mitundu ya prose ndipo analemba ndakatulo.
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