selo organelles nyumba okhazikika kuti kupereka ntchito yeniyeni kuchita ndondomeko ya ntchito yake - kukula ndi chitukuko, magawano ndi chulutsa, etc. Eukariticheskie (nyukiliya) maselo a zomera ndi nyama dongosolo ofanana ndipo pafupifupi ofanana ya organelles ndi prokaryotic (sanali nyukiliya) maselo ndi dongosolo wosazindikira ndipo mulibe zinthu zambiri organelles lapansi.
Cell organelles, malingana pamaso pa zigawo Kakhungu, ndipo anawagawa mebrannye sanali Kakhungu. Omwe sanali Kakhungu organelles monga ribosomes ndi centrioles ndi organelle kayendedwe (microtubules ndi microfilaments). Ribosomes ali anamaliza kapena elongated thupi, wopangidwa mwa mayunitsi awiri - yaikuluikulu. Kugwirizanitsa limodzi, kupanga polysomes ribosome. organelle Izi alipo maselo onse prokaryotic ndi eukaryotic. Ribosomes kumathandiza kwambiri, popeza kuti asonkha mapuloteni kwa amino acid. Centrioles - zonenepa dzenje, zomwe zigwirizana atatu ndi microtubules. Centrioles kupanga malo selo, zomwe zimafunika Gulu selo. Organelles zoyenda ndi mphako machubu kapena filaments amene angayambe ufulu fomu cytoplasm kapena kukhala mbali ya michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, cilia spindle.
maselo Membranous organelles anawagawa limodzi ndi dvumembrannye. ndi odnomembrannym monga: EPS (endoplasmic Kakhungu), zida Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles (anapeza zomera ndi nyama zokhala ndi selo imodzi).
Endoplasmic reticulum - misewu kwambiri ngalande cavities kuti kusinthitsa selo lonse. Ogaŵikana yosalala ndi akhakula. Yosalala EPS lili michere kuti nawo zimam'patsa ndipo thupi mafuta. EPS akhakula kumatanthauza mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe, lomwe limapezeka mu Ufumuyo thereto ribosomes.
Zida (zovuta) Golgi ali zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo cavities amene olumikiza EPS lapansi. Iye amagwira ntchito mwachangu kagayidwe ndi mapangidwe lysosomes.
Lysosomes - kakang'ono anamaliza ng'ombe wodzazidwa enzyme okhoza adzaphatikizana ndi "mtima wosweka" organelles ndi maselo lonse ngati n'koyenera. Izo ndi ntchito yake yoteteza.
Dvumembrannye selo organelles - mitochondria ndi plastids zimapezeka zomera. Mbali awo - pamaso pa nembanemba awiri, kunja ndi mkati. Lakunja (kunja) amachita kuwombola Kakhungu ntchito ndi ubale wa maselo amenewa organelles ndi zigawo zina, ndipo amkati Kakhungu mitundu makutu, umene unali pakati pawo ladzala ndi masanjidwewo - thunthu madzi. makutu Internal amatchedwa cristae wa mitochondria ndi plastids -hloroplastov - grana. Maselo amenewa organelles muli RNA ndi DNA. Mitochondria lithe ATP, amene kenako akutumikira monga gwero energii.Funktsiya plastids kudzadalira mtundu wawo - colorless (kapena leucoplasts) kuzichepetsa chakudya, mu wowuma makamaka; chikasu, lalanje, wofiira (kapena chromoplasts) - kupereka mtundu wa maluwa ndi zipatso; chloroplasts wobiriwira - kupereka kaphatikizidwe wa ATP, ndi chakudya.
Kuweta selo organelle, ndi pang'ono kudya pakati pa cytoplasm ndi Kakhungu kupanga umodzi yofunika dongosolo.