Oro - mtengo otentha kapena chitsamba chilichonse? Kufotokozera, malo okhala. Oro - imfa ya mtengo

Kulankhula pano amakhala m'khutu mtengo munthu kudya, umatchulidwatchulidwa nthano zambiri kale ngakhale zambiri zamakono kutengeka nyuzipepala. Zomera mosamala kwambiri kufufuza kufikako ndi kutali kwambiri m'mphambano za Dziko Lapansi, palibe choopsa sunakomane, m'lingaliro, monga mmene limafotokonzera ntchito.

M'nkhani ino tikambirana ngati palidi mtengo oro, kumene ilo limakula ndi zimene paradaiso.

zomera dziko - ndi East, India ndi Chimaleya Archipelago.

A pang'ono mbiri

Mtengo wachita kale mizu kutchuka si zabwino kwambiri. Iwo anali yaitali ankaganiza kuti oro - ". Mtengo wa imfa"

Uthenga woyamba kwambiri Ancharov linasindikizidwa mu 1783 mu magazini London ndi mau a munthu wa ku England, ntchito dokotala pachilumba cha Java. Iwo anauzidwa kuti malingana ndi mphekesera m'deralo, mtengo uwu ndi chakupha kuti padziko utali wozungulira 15 miles chamoyo chilichonse amafa. Ndipo pambali, kupanga zinthu zoipa zimenezi mtengo opotoka imfa (kuti anali ncho makamaka akaidi). Kunapezeka kuti nkhani zonama kwathunthu, koma chifaniziro cha "mtengo imfa" wakhala akukhala pakati owerenga ndipo mofulumira kufalikira. Choncho oro kunamveka ponseponse.

Ndipo G. Rumpf (Dutch katswiri) ulemerero zoipa anawonjezera mtengo. Iye anatumidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma XVII mu njuchi (Makassar), kupeza zimene kudzala mbadwa amapereka ululu, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mivi poizoni. Rumpf kwa zaka 15 chabe ndaweza ndi zofunika iye kuchokera m'deralo. Pomaliza, chifukwa anali lipoti la ananena mtengo chakupha.

Oro - mtengo umene andakatulo ambiri odzipereka mavesi awo (mwachitsanzo, AS Pushkin).

Patapita nthawi yaitali, mbewu odabwitsa afufuza mwatsatanetsatane. Ngakhale ofufuza choyamba, amene ankadziwa zokhudza nkhani zoopsa za "mtengo wa imfa", anali kudwala kwambiri chifukwa chakuti mbalame osasamala ndi omasuka atakhala pa nthambi za zomera.

Patapita nthawi, zinadziwika kuti nthambi ndi mbali zina za mtengowo ndi zabwinobwino kuti anthu ndi nyama. Koopsa kodi madzi otsika kuchokera vuto malo. Kale mbadwa kuti ntchito utomoni angaononge mafuta arrowheads anafuna adani.

Lero, ndi zomera salinso ntchito tanthauzo woipa wa "mtengo wa imfa." Ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati oro mtengo? Izi zinali patsogolo pang'ono nkhaniyi.

Oro (nkhuni): Kufotokozera

Oro - ndi mtundu wa zomera (mabulosi banja), yoperekedwa kwa mitengo yobiriwira kapena zitsamba. Iwo likukhalira kuti ndi wachibale wa mabulosi ndi mkuyu. Palinso mitundu ina chakupha Anchar.

Tikumbukenso kuti maonekedwe ndi chilengedwe kukula kwa mtengo uwu si ofanana zimene zili mu ndakatulo otchuka.

Pali mu chikhalidwe cha treelike mlombwa mlombwa, nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi gnarled, coarse ndi matabwa olimba kwambiri. Umapezeka mapiri a dothi miyala ndi miyala, pamene pali zambiri palibe udzu womera. zomera si chakupha, koma izo zimawoneka zachilendo kwa azungu. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti ndakatulo akhoza kusokoneza zomera awiri kapena kungoti nawo ndi kupereka mu mawonekedwe a mtengo zoopsa, onyamula imfa.

Kutalika kwa wochepa thunthu oro mtengo mamita 40. Amatupitsa yaing'ono, adzakhale ndi yosavuta masamba kutalika 10-20 masentimita.

Maluwa anali wamng'ono, yochepetsetsa ndi mwamphamvu anasonkhana inflorescences ndi muyeso wofooka kuzungulira.

Tsinde tichipeza fruitlets ambiri yaing'ono, pansi mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi lililonse perianth ake yowutsa mudyo.

katundu

Oro - mtengo munali mu masamba madzi, chimene kugunda pa thupi akhoza kuoneka yekha pa abscess khungu. Antiarin poizoni wamphamvu akhoza analandira ndi wapadera distillation ancharnogo madzi (dzina sayansi mtengo - "antiaris"). Monga mbadwa ndipo wokwatibwa ndi njira zotsimikizira poizoni chosatha kuposa sabata.

Mwa zina, ngakhale kuti kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri ya mtengo, anthu wamba ambiri amagwiritsa okongola ndi zotanuka ndithu makungwa ake wandiweyani zovala ndi makalapeti. Amisiri azimva wandiweyani woyera nsalu oyenera Buluku kusoka ndi malaya.

About chithunzicho

Dzinali angaperekedwe (Antiaris toxicaria) kupangidwa ndi France Jacques Lesheno (wapaulendo, zachilengedwe ndi katswiri). Iye anafotokozanso mbewu.

Mu chinenero cha Chijavanisi oro - chiphe.

Ndipotu ndi zoopsa nkhani mtengo anali wamtali ndi wokongola, kukula pa zilumba za Chimaleya Archipelago, koma makamaka si zachilendo ku Java.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, mbewu izi ndi za banja la nettle lapansi.

malo

Amadziwika kuti mu kotentha ndi zalongosoledwa ndakatulo "wosungulumwa kukula" pa mitengo mchenga. Kodi rainforest? akonzedwa Izi yosiyanasiyana zomera, mitengo, n'zogwirizana ndi mipesa osiyana. Oro m'chipululu sizikula, m'pamenenso nthaka sayenera kutsamira kwa iye. Chimakula a m'dera kucheza ndi zomela umene uli zosatheka anakhudzidwa. Pali Komabe, ena "chigwa cha imfa" ali Java lopangidwa masango katundu chiphala ntchito malo awa (sulfure nthunzi ndi mpweya). oro Pushkin Mwina anali kukula pakati pa umodzi wa zigwa zimenezi?

Botanists kuti anagawa mitundu angapo Anchar kukula mu India, pachilumba cha Sri Lanka ndipo onse pa Malaysia (yamkaka madzi Anchar malo awa ndi poizoni kwambiri), mpaka Islands Philippines. Nonpoisonous oro ( "mtengo thumba") ndi a ku India. makungwa atsopano ntchito kuti matumba cholimba zinthu.

ntchito

Monga taonera, pakokha oro oopsa. madzi ili ndi poyizoni. Ndipo pafupifupi onse a subspecies ake ndi anthu, makamaka oro chakupha. Zinali madzi ake mbadwa mu Java poizoni arrowheads. Anchar madzi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza ndi poizoni mivi kuti "sarbakana" (mpweya mfuti), ndi anthu amene anachita nawo m'zigawo madzi, mosavuta zowawa.

Dzanja akuletsa (kapena boa aletsa ndi Akuthandiza-kuletsa) - madzi yamkaka, chimene otchezedwa ndi antiarin mowa analandira kudziwika. Ichi ndi poizoni amphamvu kwambiri, zomwe crystallizes mu zidutswa colorless kwambiri cha zomera.

Pali subspecies wina - oro Bennett, kukula pachilumba cha Vitu ndipo munali mu chawo chosangalatsa zipatso utoto carminic. makungwa ake ali kwambiri bast ulusi umene kupanga zamanja. Komanso iwo kupanga matumba mu Ceylon ndi East Indies.

The katundu wa njoka ya

Ngakhale cha m'ma XVIII, poizoni zopangidwa ndi yamkaka madzi ancharnogo amatchedwa "Macassar" anali m'gulu la mndandanda wa British Museum (London), ndiyeno m'ma XIX chinafufuzidwa ndi zikuchokera mankhwala izo.

Mayeso antiarin - glycoside, pafupi glycosides ndi digitalis ndi zina mtima glycosides zomera, mwamsanga zokhudza minofu mtima. Pali madzi Anchar zina, koma zochepa anaphunzira ziphe.

Pomaliza

Anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso oro. Ichi ndi chifukwa yofufuza.

A Nthawi zambiri zadutsa, pamaso mtengo akhoza bwinobwino kufufuza ndi kuthetsa m'khutu cholakwika lingaliro za iye. Akupanga njoka kalelo concelebrated zoipa, utumiki zakuda, koma pali mu mtengo uwu ndi zothandiza, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Choncho, oro Kodi sinafalikire imfa padziko ake. M'malo mwake, pambali pake kukula bwino ndi pachimake mipesa zodabwitsa, mitengo ndi zomera zina.