The Red Book of Karelia: zomera, nyama, bowa, nsomba

mawu banal kuitana kuteteza chilengedwe, posachedwapa anapeza tanthauzo lenileni. zochita za anthu pa nthaka yogwira kwambiri: mpweya poizoni mabizinezi ndi mpweya utsi wa magalimoto, matupi madzi kuwonongeka, nyama zambiri, nsomba, mbalame ndi zomera ali pangozi kutha. Choncho anthu amakakamizidwa amachita lamulo, kulenga mndandanda osiyana, chifukwa zimene alibe aloledwa kuti awononge tione achilengedwe. Amenewa mndandanda ndi buku wofiira.

ndi Red Book ndi chiyani?

Lingaliro la kulenga bukuli anaonekera mu 1948. Iwo anakhazikitsa njira imene alimi wasayansi, amene anayamba kuwomba Alamu chifukwa cha milandu kuchuluka kwa kutha kwa anthu a zinthu zamoyo. Conservation Union anatsegula mndandanda modetsa nkhawa ndipo anatumiza atsogoleri a limati dziko. Chifukwa iwo anasankha wofiira? Ndipotu, zonse ndi losavuta: izo ndi mthunzi modetsa nkhawa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wa moyo. Choncho, Book Red lakonzedwa kuti zikope tcheru cha anthu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi wofiira kwathunthu: muli masamba a mitundu ina:

1. Black. The masamba ambiri oopsa mtundu wa maliro. nyama kapena zomera zimene zinalembedwa pa iwo, konse zoyembekezeka kuona. Izi - zonse mitundu zinatha.
2. Green. Mapepala ambiri mokondwera: iwo ili mitundu imene anakwanitsa kutsitsimutsa ndi kusunga.
3. Red. Page ya mtundu amasonyeza mitundu imene alonjezedwa ikutha.
4. White. Apa pali mitundu yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera.
5. Gray. Insufficiently kuphunzira mitundu anasonkhana masamba imvi.
6. Yellow. Mtundu amakopeka ndi kwa anthu mofulumira zimachepa.

Kuwonjezera mndandanda dziko ndi mayiko, palinso dera. Ndi kuti nkhawa Red Book of Karelia.

Karelia: zimene zatsala pang'ono kutha

Nature wa Republic of Karelia m'njira zambiri wapadera ndi chidwi. chuma loterolo kuchitapo pansi pa chitetezero cha boma Choncho, asayansi apanga kope ambirimbiri monga The Red Book of Karelia. Nyama, zomera, nsomba ndi nkhuku, amene ali pa tsamba ake, akusowa chithandizo anthu. Buku zothandiza anali tinalisindikizanso katatu. Choyamba lofalitsidwa mu 1985. Atafika mitundu 160 ya zomera mtima, mitundu 30 tizilombo ndi inakhala, komanso mitundu 22 ya bowa zosiyanasiyana. Mu linasindikizidwa kachiwiri mu 1995 kukodzedwa zambiri. The Red Book of Karelia m'gulu 390 maudindo, zomera anasankha mwa iwo ndere, bowa ndi lichens. Komanso ntchitoyi anali tizilombo mollusks, mbalame, nyama ndi achule: mitundu yonse 365. The mabuku ambiri anali kope lachitatu, lofalitsidwa mu 2008, malinga ndi malamulo a kukafola mwa mndandanda amenewa.

zomera Karelia

kope zofunika kwambiri, bwinobwino anayamba asayansi m'dera m'deralo, anali Red Book of Karelia. Zomera kuti akhazikika pa masamba ake, kwenikweni akusowa chitetezo pa mlingo boma. Iwo Mumapezekanso (asplenium, moonwort, Dryopteris), maluwa chilombo (slipper chidona, nadbornik leafless, mitundu iwiri ya Morio), mitundu yambiri ya zomera mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwanso kupeleka chidwi ndi mitundu yokongola monga Arabis ndi tsirtsebita Alpine, ku Siberia aster ndi vetrenichka buttercup. zomera Bog, inunso m'gulu mndandanda Mwachitsanzo, Drosera intermedia ndi Kowloon. Mitundu ya zitsamba ndi mitengo anangotsala pang'ono kutha, analembedwa mu masamba a buku lino: Karelian birch, otuwira, cotoneaster.

Pa ena zomera, ndi kuti mowasiyanitsa. Mwatsoka, amuna ndi chinachake chimene unayamba kuda mawonekedwe zothandiza monga liziwawa St. Yohane. therere ichi chimatengedwa ngati wowerengeka ndi mankhwala. Iwo ali zotsatirazi katundu zothandiza: analgesic kwambiri, relieves spasms wa limabwezeretsa kutaya magazi, mudzaiwala, malankhulidwe ndi kakuwasangalatsa. Ngakhale kalelo izo woyesedwa ndi m'mimba matenda, chiwindi ndi impso. Komanso, kulowetsedwa wa liziwawa St. John wa ntchito akutsokomola ndi vuto la misempha. Koma tiyenera kusamala, ngati mapesi kumtunda kwa chomera ndi owopsa, chotero patsogolo ntchito m'pofunika dokotala.

Ndi mpukutu ka chuma, womwenso Red Book of Karelia. Zomera, monga Rhodiola rosea, amatchedwanso golide muzu, kwenikweni anayamikira kulemera golidi. Ngati ntchito molondola, ndi Rhodiola ndi chikoka opindulitsa pa chamoyo wonse. Makamaka bwino zingamvekere chimachititsa anthu aluntha, chikumbukiro chake. Panalinso mankhwala ndi katundu odana pyretic za mbewu.

Kuwonjezera mankhwala ndi Dziwani ndi maluwa yosowa wakonda yonyowa pokonza ndi mdima malo - kipridin slipper. Pamene ena amati: chidona, Marina kapena Kukushkin Slipper, bogoroditsin jombo, moccasins (mu America), slipper yamunthu (mu England). Mu Karelia ilo limakula yekha mu Reserve Kivach. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti maluwa izi limamasula kwa pafupifupi mwezi.

Security mafangasi katundu

Kodi wina kulondera Red Book of Karelia? Bowa, amene ali m'dziko la mitundu pafupifupi 100, komanso amafuna chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, mu mndandanda wa nyimbo zoteteza osinovik woyera. Izi bowa edible limakula m'mapaki dziko ndi nkhokwe ya Karelia. Zipatso osinovik kuposa chaka.

Bright wofiirira bowa wotchedwa Clitocybe Nuda ndi edible. Iye amakonda milu ya timitengo ndi udzu mulu. bowa ndi aakulu ndi kwa masentimita 20 a circumference chipewa.

A mitundu chosowa kwambiri - Polish bowa. kukongola izi zikhoza kudya, koma ndi osowa kuti si udindo kusonkhanitsa. Chimakula okha Kivach Reserve.

mtundu wina wa bowa - Cortinarius violaceus. Gourmets amaona kuti ndi chakudya chokoma kwambiri. N'kovuta kwambiri, ndipo anthu anam'patsa dzina lakuti "pribolotnik".

Otsiriza amene ife takumbukira mu opus ili inedible bowa Smorchkova kapu. dzina ndi zolondola ndithu: bowa ndi kwenikweni ofanana ndi banja Smorchkova.

Mbalame utatha voti

Mwatsoka, olemera zosiyanasiyana Red Book of Karelia. Mbalame, ndithudi, ndi moyo patsamba ake. Grouse, chachikulu imvi kadzidzi, mitundu ina ya swans, red-lazunguliridwa bluetail ndi curlew aphatikizidwa osati mu Bukhu zedi Karelia, komanso m'mabuku dziko, ndipo ngakhale padziko lonse.

Mapaundi sandpiper, curlew akutchedwa, ndi dziko lalikulu pakati pa zinyama wa Russia. Iwo akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndi mlomo yokhota kumapeto a yaitali. M'chaka cha nyimbo zake mluzu amafalitsidwa patali mokwanira.

Komanso mu Red Book of Karelia analowa lalikulu kwambiri imvi kadzidzi. Kuchuluka kwa mapiko ake ndi imodzi ndi theka mamita, ndi kulemera - mpaka kilogalamu a. mbalame zimenezi nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi kadzidzi, koma moyo wawo ndi wosiyana: ndi kadzidzi - mbalame usiku, pamene kadzidzi ndi maso masana. Population kukula zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa makoswe. Mbalame analowa mu mndandanda angapo chitetezo.

Capercaillie - wokongola, otchuka mbalame. Iye amamvetsa yekha mwangwiro ndinazolowera nyengo ya kumpoto, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Male grouse losiyana moona chachikulu kukula, kulemera kwake ukufika makilogalamu 6.5. The theka wamkazi kapena zochepa osiyana kuwala zikuuluka. nthumwi za nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira wakudya cones paini ndi masingano paini, ndi m'chilimwe akhoza kudya ngakhale abuluzi. Mu ndege, pa capercaillie ndi zosamveka ndithu. Nyama ya chimphona ndi zothandiza, ena alenje Kusakaza nkhuku popanda muyeso. N'chifukwa chake Red Book of Karelia kudzadza oimira ngati mbalame detachment ngati grouse.

nsomba Karelian

Madamu ya Karelia kuli anthu okhala, koma 28 ya nsomba ndi pangozi. zofunika monga Red Book of Karelia magulu otere okhala mitsinje ndi nyanja. nsomba mabanja monga Salmonidae, Nsombazi, whitefish, carp, mlamba, loaches kutchulidwa chitetezo kuvomerezedwa. adani awo misa zinachititsa kuti mavuto adzaoneni: pafupi kutha anali Nsombazi, Nsombazi, nyanja nsomba, nsomba woyera, whitefish, tench, saber nsomba, spined loach ndi mlamba. Izi nsomba wapatali zikhoza kutha nthawi kuchokera ku malo a Karelia, ngati sanatenge nthawi amatetezedwa ndi boma.

dziko nyama

zomera ambiri muli Red Book of Karelia. Nyama dera amadziwika onse a mabuku ndi mafilimu mbali, koma ngati inu lekani kuwombera awo, irresponsibility anthu kutsogolera kutha awo. Mwachitsanzo, kumpoto nswala nkhalango. Izi nyanga wokongola nyama ndi amuna ndi akazi. Ndipo komabe unkadziwika ndi kukhala pa mtima wa mbawala fupa kumeneko, cholinga chimene sakudziwika mpaka pano. Izi wongosamukasamuka kuchokera kuthengo moyo m'chigulu cha anthu mpaka 15. yozizira akhoza amasamukira ku magulu 100 gwape. Wokongola ungulates kuti mukwaniritse zaka 25, mukufuna kusamukira ku m'madambo a nkhalango ndi zinyalala Moss, madambo mtsinje. Pa nthawi, anthu amakhala ku malo olandilirako alendo awiri mitundu ndi Kostomuksha Nature Reserve.

Pa gawo la Karelia nkhokwe ndi m'mapaki anthu membala wamoyo wa mtundu "osusuka" linamasuliridwa ngati dzina Gulo - wolverine. The Red Book of Karelia Republic sanathe limabwezeretsa kotero zokongola, koma mwatsoka pangozi khalidwe. Nyama imeneyi ndi ntchito imodzi osamalitsa kwambiri, ndi amphamvu. Wokongola chachikulu nyama akufanana ndi akatumbu lalikulu kapena chimbalangondo. Iwo ali wandiweyani, coarse tsitsi, zikhadabo lakuthwa ndi mano amphamvu. nyama masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 18. Ngati pa malo a phe kapena pansi pa mizu ya mtengowo akapezeka malo obisalamo, dziwani pali moyo wolverine.

The Red Book - si mndandanda chitetezo. Ichi ndi chikumbutso kwa anthu angati wokongola nyama, mbalame ndi nsomba anali kuperekedwa kwa ife mwa chibadwa. Losakhululukidwa kupusa ndi kuposa kwa izo zonse wopanda. Pajatu aliyense ulalo mu chikhalidwe uli ndi cholinga. Wolverine Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa omnivorous awo atenge mbali ya munthu matabwa medic, kudya zovunda.

Wina wokhala nkhalango Karelian - amphakaŵa. Kodi izi mphaka chachikulu, iwo amadziwa pafupifupi chilichonse, koma khalidwe ali woyenera mwapadera. Large ndi wachisomo chirombo adores kungomwaza mdima nkhalango, amasambira kwambiri ndipo akukwera mitengo. Ngati chakudya si mokwanira, amphaka akhoza ayambe kuyenda ulendo wautali motere anafika ku Kamchatka. Machenjerero a kumuukira iye zachinyengo-wapakati, koma osati mofanana ndi mmene anthu ambiri amakonda kuganizira: zilibe kuukira, kulumpha pa wovulalayo mu mtengo. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene chisanu ndi tatikulu, amphaka Mwina kumenya mkazi nswala wofiira. Kwa zaka zambiri ankakhulupirira kuti m'pofunika kuwononga amphaka monga wofuna kugona (ndi ubweya wa chirombo mtengo ndithu), koma patapita kanthawi kunapezeka kuti nyama n'chofunikira yaikulu biocenosis, kotero kuteteza amphaka, boma chabe ayenera.

Kuwonjezera ena, Red Book of Karelia ali pa tsamba ake Mipikisano wachikuda wa zinyama amenewa kawirikawiri pamene gologolo zouluka, nkhandwe, zofiirira chimbalangondo, ermine, kalulu, weasel, marten ndi ose.

ndi mtengo wa mndandanda chitetezo chiyani?

The Red Book - ndi chikalata kwambiri m'dziko. Koma iye yekha kuchenjeza anthu za mitundu imene anazimiririka. Chotsatira ndi kuteteza chilengedwe cha zinyama ndi nkhokwe. Ndi zonsezi zathandiza kuti apulumutse chithe mitundu ya mbalame, nyama ndi zomera. M'pofunikanso kulenga malo: malo otetezedwa kuchotsa mitundu ina ya zinyama kapena zomera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterozo anathandiza kuchepetsa chinthu anthropogenic mozama kuopseza chikhalidwe cha dziko.