Otsutsa ndi ndani? Zolemba za inshuwalansi

Udindo wamakono ndi wotchuka ku America ndi ku Ulaya. Akatswiri oterewa amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana a bizinesi. Ku Russia, kutchuka kwa ntchitoyi sikukuwonetsedwa, koma izi sizilepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mabungwe kudzera m'madera osiyanasiyana a ntchito zake. Anthu otchuka kwambiri ali mu banki , inshuwalansi, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo zapenshoni.

The actuary ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino

Zolemba zamakono ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba azachuma kapena apamwamba, komanso ali ndi chidziwitso choyenera. Ku Russia, ntchito zawo sizomwe zikufunikira kuti apatsidwe chilolezo, choncho kalatayo imaperekedwa malinga ndi mayeso apadera. Osati onse ofuna kukwaniritsa mtundu uwu wa kutsimikiziridwa kwa mtengo. Koma podzipereka kwawo, mungathe kunena mosabisa kuti ma actuaries ndi akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri. Zimayendetsedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma.

Zitha kunenedwa kuti otsogolera ndiwo akatswiri a masamu, omwe ali ndi luso lina loyenerera kuwerengera inshuwalansi. Kuonjezerapo, zochitika zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi ndalama zambiri muzinthu izi.

Kampani ya inshuwaransi sungakhoze kuchita popanda katswiri woteroyo

Wogwira ntchito mu inshuwalansi ndi katswiri yemwe amachita mawerengedwe a mitengo ya inshuwalansi ndi malipiro a inshuwalansi. Mwinamwake omwe amafunidwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri oterewa popereka chithandizo cha inshuwalansi, mtengo umene umatsimikiziridwa pa maziko a ziwerengero za actuary. Kuonjezera apo, olemba ntchito ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito omwe amawerengera ndalama zoyenera za inshuwalansi, amatha kuyesa polojekitiyi, komanso mawerengedwe ena okhudzana ndi inshuwalansi kapena mwachangu .

Akatswiri ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa makampani a inshuwalansi. Popeza wogwira ntchito mu inshuwalansi ndi wantchito yemwe ayenera kukhala ndi ziyeneretso zapamwamba, kampaniyo imachita nawo chidwi, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kupeza katswiri.

Ndiponso, malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation, makampani a inshuwalansi ayenera kupereka malipoti kwa thupi loyang'anira ntchito zawo pazochita zawo. Malipoti otero amachitika malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zikuchitika ndi actuaries.

Kampani ya inshuwalansi si ntchito imene muyenera kusankha ngati simukudziwa masamu ndi sayansi yeniyeni bwino. Chikhalidwe chenicheni cha ntchito ya wogwira ntchito chotero ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni yomwe iyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo pake, inshuwalansi yokhala ndi ntchito yodalirika kwambiri: chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama za inshuwalansi , kampaniyo ikhoza kungotenga ufulu wothandizira inshuwalansi.

Pamene ntchitoyi inawonekera

Mawu akuti "wokhalapo" akuchokera ku Roma. Amatchulidwa ku Roma wakale, munthu yemwe anali kugwira ntchitoyi pamsonkhano wa Senate. Koma tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi chinthu chakale.

Zochitika zenizeni mukumvetsetsa kwamakono kwa ntchito, ntchito ndi ntchito za anthu ogwira ntchito akuwonekera ku UK kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Pa nthawiyi, zinali zofunikira kuti masamu azitsimikizira bwino kuchuluka kwa ndalama za inshuwaransi zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa zina mu inshuwaransi ya moyo.

Mu 1762, kampani yoyamba yomwe inkakhala ngati kampani ya actuarial inaonekera. Chifukwa chofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri otero, msika uwu unakula ndikukula. Mofananamo ndi kukula kwa msika, panalibe kufunika kokonza bungwe lomwe lingagwirizanitse mabungwe awo ndikuyang'anira ntchito yawo. Izi zinapangitsa kuti bungwe la London Institute of Actuaries litulukidwe mu 1848, komanso zaka zinayi kenako - Faculty of Actuaries ku Edinburgh.

Kale mu 1895 mayiko ofanana a Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, France, komanso United States of America adakhazikitsa bungwe la International Association of Actuaries, lomwe likulu lake likulu ku Brussels. Bungwe limeneli limagwira misonkhano zaka zinayi. Akukambirana za mavuto omwe akukumana nawo, ntchito, bungwe ndi ntchito.

Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zaikidwa kwa akatswiri oterewa

Ntchito za pulogalamuyi ndizochita zowerengera kuti muwerenge ndalama zoyenera zothandizira inshuwalansi. Pansi pa msonkho woyenera amamvetsetsa mtengo wa ntchito za kampaniyo, zomwe zidzawononge zoopsa zonse za ntchito zake, kuti chiwerengero cha solvency ndi chuma chikhale pamlingo woyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika kwa ntchito ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yake.

Wogwira ntchito ndi wogwira ntchito yemwe amatha kupereka mayankho kwa ogwira ntchito oyang'anira pa nkhani zonse zokhudzana ndi mtengo wa msonkho. Mwachitsanzo, ayenera kudziwa yankho la funsoli ponena za momwe inshuwalansi idzasinthire ngati chilolezo chikuwonjezeka kufika pamtunda wina, komanso "kuchotseratu zochitika zina" kuchokera mndandanda wa zoopsa za inshuwalansi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chomwe chidzamulolere kubwezeretsa mitengo ya ntchito iliyonse ya bungwe, yogwirizana ndi ntchito za inshuwalansi, molondola kwa kopecks.

Momwe mungakhalire wokonda

Choyamba, muyenera kupeza ziyeneretso zoyenera. Maphunziro a kampani yamakono ndi okwera mtengo. Kafukufuku wolemba ntchito omwe akugwira ntchito kudziko lina akuwonetsa kuti ndalama zawo zophunzitsa maphunziro zimakhala pafupifupi mapaundi 6,000 pachaka.

Kuti akhale woyenera, wopemphayo ayenera kupitiliza mayeso okwana 15. Kuwonjezera pa kulipira maphunziro, makampani amapereka chithandizo kwa ogwira ntchito ndi zothandizira maphunziro ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pozindikira ntchitoyi.

N'zovuta kuphunzira zomwe zikuchitika ku Russia

M'dera la Russian Federation, palibe bungwe lophunzitsira lomwe limagwirizana ndi maphunzirowa. Kawirikawiri, munthu yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndipo amadziwa masamu amatengedwa kuti akagwire ntchito. Kenaka makampani kale amayendetsa bwino maphunziro ndi kuphunzitsa mmenemo katswiri wa zamalonda.

Ndikofunika kupeza kalata mu Actuarial Society of Russia. Ena amatenga mayeso a mabungwe achilendo, omwe amavomereza kuti adziwe chidziwitso chawo ndikukonzekera bwino ntchito kampani ya inshuwalansi kapena banki.

Mabungwe odziletsa okhazikika (SRO of actuaries)

Pofuna kuyang'anira ntchito za akatswiriwa, mabungwe osapindula amapangidwa kuti aziyang'anira ntchito zawo komanso akhoza kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pamsika wogulitsa ntchito. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mabungwe odzilamulira okha ogwira ntchito, opangidwa ngati mabungwe a antchito, amayang'anira ntchito za akatswiri oterewa.

Katswiri wina aliyense payekha ntchito zake ayenera kukhala membala wa bungwe limeneli.

Kodi ntchito za SRO ndi zotani?

Ntchito zazikulu zotsatirazi zikhoza kusiyanitsidwa:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo, kuvomereza ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi malamulo, zomwe ziyenera kutsogolera anthu ogwira ntchito, kuchita ntchito zamalonda.
2. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zofunikira ndi zikhalidwe za kuvomereza kwa mamembala atsopano, kukula kwa ndalama za umembala, malipiro.
3. Kuteteza zofuna, komanso ufulu wa mamembala a bungwe pamaso pa mabungwe a boma, makhoti ndi zina.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro pazochita zamalonda za mamembala a bungwe, kutsatira malamulo onse ndi ndondomeko zoperekedwa ndi lamulo.
5. Kupereka chithandizo chokwanira cha mamembala.

Ndi zofunikira ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi SROs

Ntchito ya anthu ogwira ntchito ku Russia ikuphatikizidwa ndi ndondomeko ya malamulo ovomerezeka ndi ovomerezeka omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake tsopano, pokambirana za boma la Duma la Russian Federation, akulingalira za bili yomwe idzayendetsa ntchito zomwe zikuchitika. Lamulo lovomerezeka lovomerezeka limeneli limatanthauza kuti bungwe lodzilamulira lokha liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

1. Bungweli likuphatikizapo anthu 100 omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndilamulo.
2. Ngongole ya malipiro iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kulipira ngongole kwa makasitomala. Ngongole yotereyi imapangidwa kuchokera ku ndalama zokha. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mamembala onse a bungwe ayenera kupereka chithandizo chovomerezeka kwa iwo. Malipiro ochepa ayenera kukhala 30,000 rubles. Malipiro opitirira malipiro a makasitomala a malonda kuchokera ku ngongole ya malipiro sayenera kukhala oposa 600,000 ruble.
3. Mu bungwe lotero liyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino, magulu, komanso bungwe lolamulira. Bungwe la oyang'anira likhoza kukhala bungwe loyang'anira.
4. Bungwe liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi miyezo ya ntchito zomwe zikuchitika zomwe sizigwirizana ndi malamulo a Russian Federation.

Kukhala katswiri ndi kutha kuwerengera ubwino wa zoopsa zina ndi ntchito yovuta. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino mu sayansi yeniyeni ndikuthetsa mavuto ovuta okhudzana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha osadziwika.