OPEC Kodi pakati pa magulu intergovernmental

Mu 1960, ncholinga kanthu mgwirizano wa States chinkhoswe mu katundu ndi zipangizo hydrocarbon yaiwisi, m'ndondomeko unakhazikitsidwa. OPEC ndi chiyani? Ndi mayiko, gawo lomwe, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana Katswiri chimawapangitsa pafupifupi theka la nkhokwe zonse kutsimikiziridwa wa chimasanduka. pochimanga pambuyo kuchepetsa unilateral wa kugula mitengo chuma ncho ku "cartel" umatchedwanso "alongo zisanu ndi ziwiri", akulumikiza makampani US mu dziko, Great Britain ndi Germany, kukumanizana ndi kupewa kuchepetsa ndalama zawo.

Kufala kwa chikoka pang'onopang'ono, koma tsopano mtsogoleri chilichonse cha ndale kapena mutu wa kumalo a ntchito, mafuta akuchitira ndi ntchito zinthu za processing ake, pa iyoyomwe kumva ntchito za bungwe mu moyo wa dziko. mndandanda OPEC wa mamembala ake nthawi zonse kuwonjezera, yokhudza mu ndondomeko zonse za boma iliyonse yaikulu. Komanso, zotsutsana za chikhalidwe chuma ndi ndale nthawi zina zimabweretsa kusagwirizana m'gululi, amene amakhudza mitengo ya chimasanduka anagula ndi kukonzedwa.

Pa nthawi, zikuchokera ophunzira chimakwirira pafupifupi buku lonse lapansi, ndi kudziwa zimene OPEC sadzakhala zosafunika. Ena States bwino, pamene ena stagnating chifukwa mpweya wambiri wa chivundi, lalikulu kunja ngongole, kuonjezera ndalama asilikali ndi zifukwa zina. Mukhoza tione mayiko ndi gawo la OPEC, ndiponso kuona mphamvu ya chitukuko:

- 1960: kucheza ndi Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia ndi Venezuela. Kenako anaphatikizidwa Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, ndi United Arab Emirates ndi Algeria.

- 1970: zikuchokera kuchuluka chifukwa Nigeria, Ecuador ndi Gabon..

- 1990-ntchentche: m'gulu anatuluka Gabon, zizikhala gawo la Ecuador.. Federation Russian walandira mu 1998 udindo wa amatsata.

- 2000s: Mu 2007, inalowa Angola ndipo kuyambira 2009, kuyimitsidwa zosakhalitsa umembala wa Indonesia, kubwerera kwa Ecuador. Komanso akuluakulu Russian mu 2008 analengeza wokonzeka ake nawo m'gulu monga chidwi okhazikika.

Anachitika 1980s, ndi kuchepa kwa mowa hydrocarbon mphamvu kwachititsa sakuyendetsa lakuthwa mu ndalama za limati membala, koma, ngakhale zonse, anapitiriza zolimbitsira ake. Ngakhale zonse, ndi suti OPEC, ndipo ngakhale kanjira kake sizingatheke kuti akokere United Kingdom, Mexico, Norway ndi Oman kugawana zotsatira za m'minda mafuta awo kumeneko.

M'nthawi imeneyi, kunachitika mavuto njira mu chuma ndi kufooka kupanga zinakhudza kuchepetsa mtengo wa mafuta, koma mfundo zimenezi sizikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kupanga chiwerengero cha kukolola.

OPEC Kodi lero? Ndi zamphamvu yapakati-boma kucheza, amene njira zimadalira chikhalidwe cha zachuma. Iwo mwalamulo mayina a UN ndi kugona ndi malangizo pa nkhani zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. nthawi zosachepera 2 chaka pa mlingo wa atumiki mphamvu mayiko nawo anagwiritsa msonkhano kuti amayang'anitsitsa lonse mpweya msika ndi Mapa wa chitukuko.