Ozerezeka: zizindikiro woyembekezera, zimayambitsa

Mwana aliyense, kaya mavuto amene angakhalepo, kukondedwa ndi osangalatsa ndi makolo awo. M'nkhaniyi ine ndikufuna kulankhula za mmene mimba atuluka mwana ozerezeka ndi zimene mavuto mukhoza kuona.

mawu ochepa A za matendawa

Matendawa nalo dzina lake polemekeza Dokotala yemwe iye - Dzhon Lengdon Down. Medic anayamba ntchito yake mu kutali 1882, zotsatira lofalitsidwa mu zaka 4. Kodi tinganene chiyani za matendawa? Choncho, ndi kudwala kuti ali chromosomal chilengedwe: pali kulephera mu ndondomeko ya kugawikana selo. Asayansi wasonyeza kuti ana amabadwa ndi matenda Down, pali zina, 47. khromozomu (anthu athanzi, mukachipinda ali DNA 46, lomwe kunyamula majini Chofunika). Tikati chabe, anthu ndi matenda izi amaonedwa maganizo kupepera (ngakhale zili choncho sikuti wosayesedwa monga mwa makhalidwe zikuyenela mfundo).

mfundo

mfundo yofunika kwambiri yokhudza matenda:

1. syndrome pansi ndi mimba mofanana amakhudza anyamata ndi atsikana.
2. Ziwerengero: ana 1,100 wathanzi anabadwa 1 mwana amene ali ndi matenda izi.
3. March 21 - Tsiku la Umodzi ndi anthu amene ozerezeka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti tsiku anali sanasankhe mwangozi. Ndipotu chifukwa cha matenda - trisomy wa khromozomu 21 (nambala 21, siriyo chiwerengero cha mwezi - 3).
4. Anthu ndi matenda izi zikhoza moyo mpaka zaka 60. Ndipo chifukwa masiku ano wodziwa momwe angathe nthaŵi ndithu yachibadwa moyo wonse (amadziwa kuwerenga, kulemba nawo moyo pagulu).
5. Matendawa alibe malire kapena anthu okhudzidwa. Chotero mwana angabadwe ndi mkazi, kaya mlingo wa maphunziro, udindo, mtundu kapena udindo thanzi.

zifukwa

Ife tiganizire moposera za yakuti: "ozerezeka. Zizindikiro pa mimba" Kodi zifukwa angathandize kuti matenda? Choncho, ngati zanenedwa pamwambapa, udindo onse owonjezera 47. khromozomu. njira zonse zimalambira zosayembekezereka wa syndrome kuti zidzachitika pa nthawi ya mapangidwe yoopsa intrauterine pa magawano selo. Akatswiri amakono amanena ndi mwachisawawa chromosomal masinthidwe, zomwe sikukutanthauza zinthu zina.

anthu okhudzidwa ndi ziwerengero

Chiopsezo syndrome Down mu mimba zimasiyanasiyana magulu osiyana a akazi;

1. zaka 20-25. Chiopsezo chizindikiro ichi mwana wofanana 1/1562.
2. 25-35. Chiopsezo ukuwonjezeka: 1/1000.
3. 35-39: 1/214.
4. Wamkulu kuposa zaka 45. Chiopsezo ngati kuli kotheka ali wamkulu. Pankhaniyi, ana 19 mwana wabadwa ndi matenda Down.

Monga Adadi, apa apeza mankhwala si bwino. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ndi mwayi wawukulu pakati "dzuwa mwana" akupezeka kwa makolo pa zaka 42.

mayesero

Asayansi amakono anatulukira mayesero apadera, amene mungathe kuthetsa kufala kwa matenda Down ndi mimba. Pankhaniyi, mkazi adzayenera kuti ayankhe izi mafunso ofunika:

1. Age.
2. Mtundu.
3. zizolowezi zoipa (kusuta).
4. thupi.
5. Kupezeka kwa shuga.
6. Chiwerengero cha mimba.
7. CHAKUBADWA: Kodi lidzawagwiritsenso ndondomeko ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Komabe, ndi ofunika kunena kuti chifukwa pulogalamu mayeso amodzi okha kuthetseratu kufala kwa matenda mwana syndrome ili singakhale zana pa zana. Kuchita izi, ntchito ndalama zina.

Kodi ndikudziwa?

Tipitirize mudziwe zambiri pa nkhaniyi: "syndrome Down: zizindikiro pa mimba." Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, kudwala uyu ali ndi chikhalidwe chibadwa. Chotero, inu mukhoza kuphunzira za nthawi imene mwanayo ali mu ndondomeko ya chitukuko yoopsa. Kodi mtundu wa kafukufuku Pankhaniyi adzakhala zogwirizana?

1. US. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ziyenera kuperekedwa mu nyengo ya milungu 11 mpaka 13. Zikatero adzakhala anaphunzira nuchal mwana kuti zingakuthandizeni kunena kuti, ngati pali kudwala kwa mwana (pa ultrasound Tingaone khola owonjezera kapena chovomerezeka makulidwe a m'dera khosi yoposa 3 mm)
2. Analysis wa magazi a mayi. Kuti muchite izi muyenera kupereka magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha wa. Ngati pali chosayenerera wosabadwa, mayi akanati kukwezeka kaperekedwe ka β-kagawo kakang'ono wa hCG (zidzakhala oposa 2 Mohm).
3. Analysis wa madzi. Kutenga nawo syndrome mwana m'tsogolo mwina sizingakhale ngati mbali PAPP-A mayi zosakwana 0.5.

Kuyenera ananena kuti kafukufuku ameneyu anatchedwa "amaphatikiza mosamala zofufuza" (kapena woyamba mayeso mosamala). Only osakaniza zingabweretse zotsatira kuti ali olondola pa 86%.

kafukufuku zina

Choncho, matenda Down ndi zizindikiro za mimba. US - monga njira kafukufuku - kusankha zinthu matenda enieni si kokwanira. Ngati mosamala yoyamba ikusonyeza kuti mwana ali ndi cider, mayi woyembekezerayo kwa dokotala kulangiza kupita kafukufuku wina (kuti adzafunika kukachitika dona ati zokhala ndi mimba). Iwo transcervical amnioscopy. Pa njirayi, chorionic zitsanzo villus akutengedwa, umene kupita choyezera mankhwala mokwanira. Zotsatira mu nkhani iyi ndi 100% zolondola. Zikusonyezanso kuti njirayi ikhoza kukhala yoopsa ndi moyo wa mwana, kotero zochita, makolo ayenera kuganizira bwino za izi. Madokotala akukakamiza mkazi phunziro ili sindingakhoze.

mosamala yachiwiri

Tikuphunzira zina mutu wakuti: "syndrome Down: zizindikiro pa mimba." Choncho zofunika pa nthawi wotengera adzakhala mwana komanso mosamala chachiwiri. Amakhulupirira mu trimester chachiwiri, pakati pa masabata 16 ndi 18 mimba. Zizindikiro za matenda pa kafukufuku wa mayi magazi:

1. HCG amayi 2 pamwamba.
2. misinkhu AFP pansipa 0.5 amayi.
3. Free estriol - zosakwana 0.5 amayi.
4. Inhibin A - 2 amayi.

kumathandizanso adzakhala matenda ultrasound:

1. Zipatso kakang'ono kuposa zachibadwa.
2. Kufupikitsa kapena kusapezeka kwa fupa m'mphuno mwa mwana.
3. Kufupikitsa mafupa femoral ndi humeral.
4. Chapamwamba nsagwada mwana kukula adzakhala kakang'ono kuposa wabwinobwino.
5. Zidzakhala mtsempha wamagazi wina m'malo awiri mu chingwe umbilical mwanayo.
6. The chikhodzodzo mkodzo wa mwana wosabadwayo udzakhala wautali.
7. The mwana zambiri mofulumira kugunda kwa mtima anaona.
8. Mkazi akhale wosaperewera madzi. Kapena amniotic madzimadzi akhoza kwina palimodzi.

kuchotsa mimbayo

Kodi wina muyenera kudziwa akazi omwe mutu wakuti: "ozerezeka: zizindikiro za mimba" Choncho, kuchepa mu mimba ya munthu sangathe. Zimenezi ziyenera bwino kukumbukira. dokotala zitha kulangiza otsatirawa:

1. Kuchotsa mimbayo ndi lichotse mwana wosabadwayo ndi kudwala kwa.
2. Kubereka, kaya motani, mwana ndi zosoweka zawo zapadera (Pankhaniyi kufunika koposa mphamvu, komanso njira).

Kukambirana mmene zinthu kukhala zina, ali yekha makolo a mwanayo.

mayi

Choncho, matenda Down a. Zizindikiro za mimba, titero, basi pafupi chirichonse chimene chimasonyeza ndi matenda, alipo. N'chifukwa chiyani ndimaona pa gestation wa mwana wapadera za mayi woyembekezera? Palibe chachilendo. Pa chikhalidwe kunja ndi thanzi la mayiyo ndi mwamtheradi ndekuti. Ie chirichonse chimene chimachitika ndi pakati zina zidzachitika ndi mayi anga, mwana wosabadwa ndi kudwala. Kotero kuti munthu mmodzi yekha maonekedwe awo kapena kukhalapo zizindikiro zina mkazi sangakhoze kunena ngati mwana zolakwika ake.

imabwera

Komanso kuganizira kudwala monga syndrome Down a. Woyembekezera, makamaka ngati kuika matenda enieni, makolo ambiri ali ndi chidwi: ngati mwana anabadwa ndi kudwala, ndi panali mwayi uliwonse kubereka mwana wachiwiri popanda kupatuka? Pali yachiwiriyo:

1. Ngati mwana ali tripling ankaikira khromozomu 21 Mwina mimba wotsatira ndi kudwala yomweyo - 1%.
2. Ngati tinatengera kwa mayi kapena bambo translocation mawonekedwe, Mwina ndi apamwamba. Komabe, kanjedza enieni ndi adotolo.

O mwana

Mwina aliyense amadziwa kuti ana ndi matendawa amatchedwa "ana dzuwa." Anthu oterowo pali maganizo retardation (akhoza osiyanasiyana monga wofatsa mitundu zovuta zambiri). Koma izi si chiweruzo. Ndiyamika mapulogalamu ano maphunziro ndi asayansi chitukuko, ana amenewa akhoza munthu wabwinobwino kwambiri. Ngati mwachita bwino, mwana zikhoza, komanso ndithu akhoza kuphunzira mmene kulemba, kuwerenga. ana awa, ngati wina aliyense, ngati kuti "tulukani", kuyenda, kuyang'ana pa chinthu chatsopano, yowala ndi yokongola. M'mizinda ikuluikulu pali malo apadera komwe ndi ana wokhala matenda amenewa, zikugwira. Pali ngakhale ena sukulu kwa odwala matenda Down. Mosakayikira, munthu ndi matenda zina simungakhoze kuchita popanda thandizo, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti. Chotero ngati mwana wosabadwayo opezeka syndrome Down ndi woyembekezera, makolo ayenera mosamala ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kusankha mwanzeru.