Pa zimene mtsinje ndi ofunika Khabarovsk? Khabarovsk, Amur Mtsinje

Khabarovsk - mmodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu Far East. Inkakhala pa Sredneamurskaya otsika. Pa zimene mtsinje ndi ofunika Khabarovsk? Kumene, mpaka kumtsinje waukulu - Amur. Umayenda pang'ono pamodzi m'malire a dziko limati awiri, mtsinje umenewu mu Khabarovsk Krai akutambasula zikwi makilomita, ndi dziwe ake kusambira lili m'dera la limati atatu.

Khabarovsk

Khabarovsk - kumzinda waukulu mu Russia. Komanso, ndi likulu la Far East Federal District. Mtsinje mu mzinda wa Khabarovsk (Cupid) alekanitsa izo kwa PRC. Kuti tifike China, inu tingalandire zoyendera mtsinje. The galimoto chombo adzakuperekani ku tauni yapafupi ku China.

Chiyambi cha dzina la Amur Mtsinje

dzina mtsinje akubwera kapena ku Tunguska "fye" omwe anamasuliridwa amatanthauza "dziko lapansi". Kapena kuchokera Nivkh mawu "Damour" kutanthauza "mtsinje waukulu." Dzina mawu olembedwa mwina yankho la funso lakuti, kodi mtsinje umayenda mu Khabarovsk. Cupid kwenikweni lonse. Anthu ena okhala pa mitsinje ya uyitane mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Mongolian dzina "Hara chitserekwete" amatanthauza "madzi akuda," ndipo mu Chinese Cupid otchedwa mwina "Heihe" kapena "Heilongjiang" omwe anamasuliridwa ngati, motero, ndi Black Mtsinje kapena Black chinjoka Mtsinje.

Ndi dzina lomaliza kugwirizana wokongola Chinese nthano kuti wabwino wakuda chinjoka chililaka woyera zoipa (kwa wakuda Chinese makamaka woyera). White chinjoka bwato amizidwe ndi kuwononga zamoyo zambiri, umene adapachikidwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Black chinjoka moyo, malinga ndi nthano, m'dera Khingansky masaya.

Amene mtsinje ukuyenda mwa Khabarovsk

Cupid - ndi mtsinje waukulu kwambiri lonse Far East. mtsinje uwu ukuyenda mwa Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk ndi Komsomolsk pa-Amur. Yaikulu ya makhwawa a dziko ndi Bureya, Zeya, ndi pang'ono likuyenderera mu gawo Chinese wa Ussuri ndi Sungari. Komanso, makhwawa waukulu monga Anuy, Gorin, Amgun, Gur, Argun, ndi ena. The catchment malo a kutali uko kum'mawa mtsinje wamphamvu ameneyu ndi makilomita lalikulu kuposa miliyoni. kuda ndi 11 zikwi. kiyubiki mamita. m. pa mphindi. Pakati pa akuluakulu madzi mitsinje ya la Russia, Amur (mtsinje Khabarovsk Krai) amanyadira malo chachinayi, kupereka kanjedza okha zimphona monga Lena, Yenisey, ob.

mtsinje uwu aumbike mwa confluence wa Shilka ndi Argun mitsinje, umayenda mwa dera la m'mphepete Far East kwa confluence ndi Gulf wa Sakhalin. Ngati tingayerekezere kuti utali wa mtsinje pa confluence kukamwa, inu kupeza 2800 Km. Pamodzi ndi Shilka kutalika izi 4.5 KB. Km. Izi ngakhale kuti pafupifupi zikwi zitatu makilomita ya njira ya Amur Mtsinje ndi boma malire pakati Russia ndi China.

M'lifupi pazipita mtsinje chikuoneka m'mudzi wa Troitskaya (makilomita 5) ndiponso kuya kwambiri - pamalowa mtsinje pafupi Cape Tyrsky (56 mamita).

magawidwe

The otsetsereka avareji mtsinje ndi 0,11%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chikhalidwe cha otaya imasiyana malingana kwambiri kudera la kutayikira. Pali magawo atatu waukulu wa Amur Mtsinje: chapamwamba, pakati ndi kutsikira.

The kumtunda ndi Malo confluence awiri mitsinje (Shilki ndi Argun) kuti Blagoveshensk. makilomita 900 mtsinje, sandwiched pakati pa ovuta ndi zitunda Nyukzha chimathandiza Wamkulu. Hinggan ndi mtengo mkulu wa otaya.

Gawo pakati amati kudula kuchokera Blagoveshchensk kuti Khabarovsk, pafupifupi zikwi makilomita yaitali, ndi Middle Amur pang'onopang'ono amanyamula madzi ake m'chigwa lonse. njanji zigawo wake lagawidwa ducts angapo (umatchedwanso akuba). Amur gombe mu gawo ili la otsika, malo m'madambo. Pakuti madzi Small Khingan Mtsinje anasonkhana mu njira champhamvu.

The mmunsi mwa Amur ndi kutalika za 950 makilomita ku Khabarovsk ukufika pakamwa. Kodi umatha Khabarovsk, Amur Mtsinje umadutsa kwa omangidwa wotsika Amur m'zigwa, kumene ambiri oxbow nyanja ndi nyanja. Mu gawo ili la mtsinje chikugwirizana ndi ngalande ndi nyanja zingapo zazikulu. Komanso ndi Amur estuary - kwambiri patsogolo estuarine gawo la Amur m'munsi.

Flora ndi zinyama

Animal Cupid dziko ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Madzi ndi m'madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zina zofunika kwambiri pa kubalana mitundu yambiri ya nsomba ndi mbali yaikulu ya kusamuka angapo a mitundu mbalame m'chigawochi. Mwachitsanzo, chisa za 95% m'dera la mtsinje woyera dokowe, 65% ndipo 50% ya Japanese Dahur cranes.

The catchment dera chisa mitundu 400 ya mbalame, pali pafupifupi 70 mitundu ya nyama, mitundu 130 ya nsomba madzi oyera, ndipo pali mitundu zoposa zikwi zisanu za zomera. Mulinso mitundu ina ya kuderako wa Amur Mtsinje tisaiwale mitundu monga wotchuka Amur nyalugwe ndi Kaluga (madzi oyera nsomba, kulemera kwa amene angathe upambana tani!).

Chopereka zikuluzikulu kummawa kwa dziko la mtsinje mu mitundu ya zachilengedwe ndi zoopsa. Wokwanira kuti izi ndi imodzi mwa atatu mitsinje yaikulu ya dzikoli, si unawathetsa madamu.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Pa zimene mtsinje ndife ofunika Khabarovsk ndiponso mizinda ina ambiri kum'mawa Siberia? Izi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Amur Mtsinje. Komabe, mlingo wa kuipitsidwa kumadalira chikhalidwe zachilengedwe za gawolo. Cupid wakhala akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu zachilengedwe masiku ano. chifukwa chachikulu - lokhala populata Chinese gawo limodzi mtsinje Ussuri ndi Sungari. Dera limeneli ndi pafupifupi 100 miliyoni. Anthu amene sakhoza bwanji kuchepa nsomba, nyama ndi kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana malo awo. A amadza yaikulu chilengedwe ndi zinyalala mafakitale akatulutsidwa onse Russian ndi, makamaka kumbali Chinese. Wachisoni yaikulu ya ulamuliro hydrological wa thupi madzi ndi chomera hydropower pa Zeya, Bureya, Sungari. Kumene, ngati ife kuganizira, pa mtsinje ofunika Khabarovsk ndi midzi ina ya Far East, vuto ayenera kuthetsedwa m'njira inayake.

boma madzi

Chopereka chachikulu mu muyezo madzi a mtsinje amapanga madzi a mvula mu nyengo ya mvula chilimwe. Chiŵerengero Madzi a mvula kufika pa 70%, koma chopereka chisanu kwambiri mphamvu zambiri wodzichepetsa. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi nyengo ndi chisanu pang'ono, mmene derali. Izi magawo nyengo chimatanthauza ziwalo ndi mode madzi, kupulumutsa onse mkulu ndi otsika masika mafunde ndi nthawi otsika madzi (zing'onozing'ono mtsinje mlingo) m'nyengo yozizira.

Amur amaundana kumayambiriro November, ndi mitsinje kutsegula kokha pa mapeto a April. Motero, ali ndi ayezi kwa masiku oposa 170.

kusinthasintha mu msinkhu

Mwapamwamba madzi mlingo anati mu nthawi kuchokera July kwa August, nthawi zambiri kudzitengera khalidwe la chigumula lenileni (kwambiri zoopsa analembedwa mu 1928 m'chilimwe chigumula Amur anachititsa zomvetsa yaikulu chuma cha dziko). M'madera a mbali pakati ndi kutsikira cha kummawa kwa dziko la mumapezeka mtsinje wa ku makilomita 25

kusinthasintha Amur mlingo ziwalo zake chapamwamba ndipo pakati kufika mamita 15, pamene mmunsi - 7 mamita. M'kamwa mwa fluctuation mlingo kwambiri m'munsi, kufika mamita 2.6 koma pa ayezi kulowerera chifukwa kusinthasintha mu kuchulukana angafikire mamita 15.

hydroengineering nkhondo

M'zaka zapitazi, ndondomeko ya kusintha chilengedwe cha kum'mawa kwenikweni kwa mtsinje mu njira yatsopano. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XXI zochita Chinese akatswiri Atengedwa, amene amachititsa kuwonongeka ndithu kwa mbali Russian. Kumathandiza ku China zinamangidwa makilomita ambiri dikes, analimbitsa banki lamanja la Amur. Pachifukwa ichi, mosadziteteza lamanzere gombe ndi linasokoneza, amene agonjetsa chiwonongeko cha midzi angapo ndipo ngakhale tsankho chiwonongeko cha Khabarovsk mlatho. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti athetse vutoli, kuperekedwa pa mtsinje ofunika Khabarovsk. Ndipo ali wamkulu ndi sizimadziwika.

hydrologists Russian pankhaniyi, ndi akuchenjeza. Kukula zinthu ndi chakuti chifukwa cha mapangano dera Chirasha Chinese angapo nyumba hayidiroliki ya la Russia anapita ku China, ndipo ngati China aganiza kuti awawononge ndondomeko chigumula kwambiri.