Pamene anali maziko a Nizhny Novgorod? History of Nizhny Novgorod

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu ambiri a kukula yaikulu Nizhny Novgorod - anthu oposa 1,26 amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Russian amapanga mbali yaikulu ya anthu ake - 95%.

Mbali yapadera n'chakuti zambiri m'munsi anaikidwa pa mapiri. Ichi ndi zazikulu zachilengedwe kukopa zodabwitsa wakale mzinda.

Nkhani angapezeke ndi zina zokhudza zodabwitsa mbali umenewu wa Russia: chaka cha maziko a Nizhny Novgorod, kukawona, mbiri ya mapangidwe ndi zina zotero.

Nizhny Novgorod: location, ambiri mudziwe

Wotchuka Russian Oka Mtsinje ukugawa mzinda lonse m'magulu 2, pafupifupi malosvyazannye mzake: pamwamba - ofesi ndi mbiri yakale, pansi - zogona ndi malonda. Mwachirengedwe, mzinda lili makhololo otchedwa - pa confluence a mitsinje lalikulu lomwe Oka ndi Volga.

Nizhny Novgorod lili onse magombe a mtsinje Oka ndi m'mphepete lamanja la Volga. Iye amanga ndithu mosintha - alibe mawonekedwe kotsimikizika, ngakhale pakati lili kumalire a mzindawo.

Pa mapiri mkulu (mapiri Dyatlov) anatambasula bwino banki malo a mzinda, m'chipululu ndi otsika (floodplain wa Oka Mtsinje) - lamanzere gombe.

Kodi amakopeka mzinda wa Nizhny Novgorod? Iye likuitanirabe provincialism yodabwitsa, ngakhale kukula kwake ndi moyandikana mfundo mzindawo.

Zikuchitikazo ndi moyo kwa zaka 40 zakubadwa Soviet-nyengo wotsika unavailability anayamba posachedwapa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu 1959, kulowa mumzinda mlendo chatsekedwa chifukwa chakuti alendo alibe chidwi zinthu zakale ndi mafakitale m'deralo (podziteteza). Mwina chifukwa mbali imeneyi pano unakhalabe pafupifupi wawo.

Ulemerero wa mzinda waukuluwo?

The kwambiri Russian wolemba limakhulupirira Gorky (anabadwa, anachita ntchito yake) ndi okonda dziko lawo wotchuka Minin ndi Pozharsky, anamasula mzinda wa Moscow ku Poland - ulemerero ndi kunyada kwa mzinda.

Mu mtima wa Nizhny Novgorod, pali nyumba zingapo, kumene Gorky ndipo tinkagwira ntchito. Pamene moyo wolembayo mu 1932 ulemu chifukwa cha mzinda wake anadzatchedwa Gorky ndi wotchedwa mpaka 1990.

Stone Kremlin, ambiri otchuka aang'ono galimoto fakitale "mpweya" - wofunika kwambiri zokopa ambiri a mzinda.

Today, lalikulu mbiri mapulani katswiri pano limodzi ndi zipangizo zamakono chionekera.

History of Nizhny Novgorod

Chitata Mongol kuwukira anawononga Nizhny Novgorod. Okwana mzinda yakhala ikuchitidwa 17 kuukira m'mbiri linakhalapo. Komabe, iye mobwerezabwereza nakhalanso ndi analimbitsa ake (chuma, ndale, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe).

Chifukwa malo yabwino Hrs, kayendedwe kwambiri (ndi dziko ndi mitsinje), mzinda analimbitsa kwambiri bwinobwino. Mtsinje analola katundu kudutsa dziko. mtawuni unadziwika ngati thumba Russia - yaikulu malo a malonda a zaka 18-19.

Mu masiku akale, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, Nizhny Novgorod anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa otchulidwa wake, amene anapita kukamenyana ankhondowo ku Poland. Zinali mu 1612, pamene Zitsulo anali Nizhny Novgorod asilikali molamulidwa ndi Kuzma Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky. Pachaka chikondwerero cha Tsiku National Umodzi (November 4 TH tsiku) Russia odzipereka kwa ungwazi la ngwazi Nizhny izi Novgorod.

Pa malo (ku pansi), kumene atsogoleri a anthu usilikali kuti alimbane, mu ulemu wawo chipilala (a nthandala chomwecho pa Red Square mu Moscow).

Chaka maziko a Nizhny Novgorod

Chifukwa Novgorod "pansi"? Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa chakuti mzinda ili pansipa Novgorod wotchuka.

Mu zenizeni, dziwani kuti pakati pa zaka za m'ma 7, 4 makilomita m'kamwa mwa Oka ina anayambitsa zokhalamo Asilavo Pamudzi. Bukuli ndi mzinda wakale anapulumuka m'zaka za m'ma 17.

Chigonjetso mu 1221, chaka kukwera kuloledwa malo m'malo zaphindu (pamwamba pa confluence wa Volga ndi Oka) mwa mawu a pomenya nkhondo kumanga latsopano "pansi" mzinda. Pa nthawi imeneyo zinamangidwa nkhuni ndi dothi malinga, mkati imene anamanga chachikulu cha Angelo Michael. Choncho panali maziko a Nizhny Novgorod.

Zokopa waukulu mumzinda

Wolemera zochitika m'mbiri mzinda waukulu ali ambiri zipilala mapulani. UNESCO m'gulu Nizhny Novgorod mu mndandanda wa mizinda 100, kuimira phindu lonse.

Malo chidwi kwambiri ndi malo mbiri - St. Pokrovskaya ndi nyumba zakale ndi zithunzi zazikulu zamkuwa.

Kremlin wa Nizhny - mitima ya mzinda. Nizhny Novgorod m'munsi chinachitika mu malo awa.

Apa ndi lawi wosatha, maofesi a boma, maholo konsati lalikulu, mpingo wa Angelo Mikhail (pano mabwinja a Grand atsogoleri ndi Kuzma Minin). Pa nthawi imeneyi, chimene chinachitika mu nthawi m'munsi mwa Nizhny Novgorod.

Anamangapo chipilala pafupi boma la Russia a Nizhny Novgorod ngwazi V. Chkalov ndipo anasankhidwa ndi alendo ndi anthu a mumzinda wa Chkalov masitepe. Ndi msinkhu wake Tingaone maganizo okongola a mtsinje waukulu Volga.

M'munsi mwa Nizhny Novgorod kugwirizana ndi kumanga ndi aang'ono okongola ndi mchitidwe umenewu: Cathedral la Namwali Wodalitsidwa, Macarius ansembe yotchedwa, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (pomwe ndi mtsinje), Staroyarmarochny Cathedral ndi ena ambiri. neri Al.

Imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka alendo ndi maulendo bwato. Pa sitima limapereka kuona zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwa mzinda, pa Chkalovsky makwerero ndi Verhnepechersky obisika.