Zikayenda ndi Democritus mbiri. Atomistic chiphunzitso cha Democritus

The wakale Greece dzina Democritus anabadwa padziko 460 BC. e. mu Thrace, mumzinda wa Abdera. Poyamba panali njuchi a ku Foinike. Agiriki akale amataya maonekedwe mzinda Hercules, amene anamuukitsa polemekeza mnzake wapamtima Abdera, pom'ng'amba atsala pang'ono za Diomedes.

zokhudza mbiri

Mwatsoka, yonena Democritean ali mawanga ambiri woyera. Amadziwika kuti bambo ake ndi udindo waukulu, amene anali wotchuka ndi nyota wake pamaso pa Persian mfumu Sasita. Pakuti wolamulira anapereka fuko lomveka amatsenga ochepa ndi asayansi. Iwo ankachita mu mapangidwe Democritus. Mwana, anaphunzira nyenyezi ndi zamulungu. Kufa bambo anapatsa boma ana ake atatu. Democritus anali wamng'ono wa iwo, ndipo anatenga gawo laling'ono.

Mnyamatayo anachita chidwi mu sayansi ndi lolunjika yekha pa maphunziro awo, pafupifupi angatsutse kuti mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku kapena ndalama. Wambiri ya Democritus imakhala kwathunthu cha maphunziro osiyana ndi kuyenda anaikira iwo. Nthawi zambiri kwa masiku angapo, anakhala mu lamdima lija, yomwe olekanitsidwa ndi zimene zikuchitika kunja. Democritus yaitali ankakhala. Iye anafa pa 370 BC. e. wokalamba kwambiri. The wakale Greek wolemba Lucian (komanso chidwi akatswiri) analemba kuti nzeru zapamwamba anakhala pa zaka zana.

Chiphunzitso cha maatomu

Ambiri Democritus yonena amadziwika kuti kafukufuku wakale kwambiri anayamba chiphunzitso cha particles zing'onozing'ono - atomu. Chiphunzitsochi linakhazikitsidwa ndi mphunzitsi wake Leucippus. Democritus anapitiriza kufufuza nzeru zapamwamba wakale Greek ndi anazindikira kuti dziko lonse wapangidwa maatomu tosaoneka. particles amenewa osadzuka ndi sizidzawonongedwa, ali mawonekedwe yotsimikizika ndiponso impermeable. Komanso pali maatomu ndi ndikusoweka chinachake chimene chiri kwathunthu mosiyana ndi iwo. amayi awiriwo zinthu zazikulu za phunziro la Democritus. Ancient Greek wasayansi anapeza kuti chinthu zamphumphu zonse imakhala particles ambiri laling'ono, limene Komanso Amayesetsanso ndi katundu wa lonse. Malinga mogwirizana wa maatomu ndi zimakhudza awo pa kusintha mphamvu anthu ndi khalidwe la zinthu ndi zinthu. Mfundo monga mtundu kapena kulawa, unalipo mu maganizo athu, koma zoona pali particles kakang'ono ndiponso kuti muzisangalala.

Maatomu simungakhoze kubwera mwa kukhudzana ndi mzake - pali danga pakati pawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali opanda kanthu. Atomistic chiphunzitso cha Democritus m'gulu yekha mfundo amanyansidwa ndi kukopa particles kuti abwere pafupi wina ndi mnzake moyandikana kwambiri. pozindikira izi zonse anachita kokha ngati maganizo. M'tsogolo, sayansi watsimikizira nkhani yolembedwa wake.

Kusamvana ndi Eleatics

Wafilosofi Democritus anali mdani wa sukulu Eleatic. Iwo ankanena kuti dziko ikuyenda. Democritus kuika patsogolo mfundo zosiyana. mawu ake akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a funso: "Ngati dziko chili, kenako kusintha akhoza zimachitika kuti zikuchitika?" Atomism adani onse ndi anthu odzipereka. Mwachitsanzo, chiphunzitso m'tsogolo, amapereka mwa Plato ndi Epicurus.

Wambiri ya Democritus ndi nkhani yolembedwa wake chikwiyire yoweyula latsopano chidwi pa nthawi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano European wa XVI atumwi, asayansi ambiri ayesetsa kuti afotokoze zimene zikuchitika. Atomism anathandiza Galileo, Giordano Bruno, Pierre Gassenli, Isaac Beeckman ndi ena anzeru wotchuka wa chi. Chiphunzitso cha particles tosaoneka ndi maso, onse amene alipo wakhala chida chodalirika kwa akatswiri Mwachitsanzo, kuti Dzhona Daltona.

mfundo inozomii

Atomistic chiphunzitso cha Democritus anapereka nzeru inozomii mfundo. lamulo limeneli chinali zomwe ndi katswiri wakale. Iwo akhoza anakonza motere: ngati chodabwitsa si zotsutsana ndi mfundo komanso malamulo a chilengedwe, ndiye m'kupita kwanthawi zidzachitike kapena zachitika kale.

Mfundo izonomii zinachititsa kuti mfundo zingapo, omwe amamatira ku Democritus. Mfundo yaikulu ya chiphunzitso chimenechi chidzatha mu mfundozo ochepa. Choyamba, maatomu mwina kukula kulikonse ndi mawonekedwe. Chachiwiri, pali M'malo Wamkulu. Kachitatu, limayenda pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha maatomu ena kuposa liwiro ndi malangizo. Zimenezi alibe malangizo alionse. Zonse zakukwawa pa chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo. Ndi udindo uwu nzeru zapamwamba wakale Greek Democritus anapeza kuti wapadera lililonse chodabwitsa kapena chinthu. Ngakhale masiku ano waukulu wasayansi Galileo kukonza mfundo za inertia. Iwo makamaka chifukwa cha maphunziro za izonomii.

Great Unkafuna

Lingaliro la M'malo Wamkulu ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ankaganizira. Wambiri nzeru zapamwamba Democritus anauzira anthu ambiri anzeru ndayesera kufotokoza malo athu mu chilengedwe cha dziko (mawu akuti alinso mizu Greek).

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso atomiki, mu chiyambi cha nthawi mu Unkafuna Great anali chisokonezeko koyamba. Iwo anapanga mmene kanyamaka kuti onyamula katundu ndi kuwala thupi kuti anatenga malo osiyana. Pakati pa Dziko Lapansi unakhazikitsidwa. Linamangidwa matupi lolemera, amene asonkhana mu mmene kanyamaka pachimake. Chifukwa nkhaniyo yotsalira anapanga filimu zoteteza, kulekanitsa danga ku Great amapita akamwalira.

Abstracts wa chilengedwe chonse

Democritus (sayansi zachilengedwe sayansi anaika kwa iwo) anali proponent chiphunzitso chakuti pali zambiri universes osiyana ndi zolengedwa. Iwo wosatha, ndipo mwapadera Chrixitu. Mu maiko ena pali dzuwa zingapo ndi miyezi. Kwinakwake iwo kulibeko pa onse, ndipo pali chabe analogue a dziko lapansi mu malo achipululu. Maiko ena adzawombana ndipo adzaonongedwa. multiplicity awo motere ku mfundo izonomii. mfundozo onsewa anakonza ndipo zafotokozedwa nzeru zapamwamba Democritus. Wambiri woganiza zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku sayansi zachilengedwe.

Ena mwa mfundozo zinali zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, Democritus ankakhulupirira kuti dziko lapansi ndi n'kupuma (kamodzi ndi pakati pa dziko). Komanso, woganiza ankakhulupirira kuti dziko sangakhale chonse. Iye zimachitika izi chakuti Pankhaniyi dzuwa adzapita pansi mulimonse (pamodzi Arc m'malo mzere mosalekeza molunjika).

ankaganizira

Wambiri (za Democritus monographs ambiri olembedwa) lili anapezazo chodabwitsa sayansi. Choncho, anapeza kuti Milky Way mu mlengalenga - palibe kanthu ngati limodzi yaikulu nyenyezi. Chifukwa chakuti kutali mtunda wa pakati pawo merges mu malo amodzi, kupeza chithunzi chodabwitsa mutu wa Agiriki. Democritus anathera nthawi yake yochuluka kuphunzira mphamvu centrifugal. ntchito zake angapezeke kuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa chodabwitsa Padziko Lapansi sali kugwa meteorites ndi zina zakuthambo.

Zimaonekera magwero

Ambiri sayansi Democritus yonena chodabwitsa kuti palibe nchito zake zolemba kuti sanapulumuke masiku ano. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba nkhani zonse ndi kuti anali ndi maganizo kunyalanyaza kwa manda a masiku amakedzana kumayambiriro Ages Middle. Mfundo ndi mabuku a Democritus anawononga mwadala kapena kuvomereza wa Mpingo anali mu zinthu zomvetsa chisoni za ndiye laibulale.

N'chifukwa chake sayansi yamakono ndi nzeru zitha ntchito ndi mfundo, amene akamagwiritsa ntchito ndi akatswiri ena, kutsutsa woganiza wakale Greek. Kutchulidwa kwa Democritus zimapezeka Aristotle, Cicero, Kodi Sextus, Epicurus, Plato, ndi zina zotero. D.

otchedwa "Great mirostroy" umatchulidwatchulidwa magwero. Ntchito imeneyi anali wodzipereka kwa akatswiri a Democritus. Mu izo, iye anayesa kuti afotokoze zotsatira za ntchito zake zonse kafukufuku. Komanso, Democritus linkadziwika mlengi wa mmodzi wa kalendala woyamba Greek. Ine sindikufuna kuchipewa ndi masamu, amene anasiya ntchito zingapo. Makamaka, iye ali woyamba zopanga ena theorems ndi malamulo tipeze malo a kanjedza.