Kuzma Minin: yonena zinachitikadi, asilikali. Kuzma Minin ndi Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky

Pakati pa mzindawo, lalikulu chachikulu cha dziko, anakhazikitsa odziwika padziko chipilala, ndipo analengedwa mu 1818 ndi ziboliboli I. P. Martosom. Okhala pa izo woyenera ana Russia - Kuzma Minin ndi Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky mu ora lalikulu dziko anatha kukonza ndi adzatsogolera nkhondo yomenyana ndi ankhondo zikwi zambiri asilikali anthu. Zochitika za zaka yaitali anakhala wa masamba ulemerero wa mbiri yathu.

Young ndi akhama Nizhegorodets

Pamene anabadwa Kuzma Minin, silidziŵika. Akukhulupirira kuti chinachitika padziko 1570 mu mzinda Volga wa Balakhna. Kusunga mbiri ndi mayina a makolo ake - Michael ndi Domniki. Tikudziwanso kuti iwo anali anthu olemera, ndipo pamene mwana wake anali wa zaka khumi, anasamukira ku Nizhny Novgorod - umodzi mwa mizinda yaikulu Volga. Masiku amenewo, anaganiza kuti ana adakali aang'ono kwambiri monga kuthandiza makolo awo kudya mkate. Kuzma ndi chizolowezi ntchito amamuonera unyamata wake.

Atakula, ndiye iye anatsegula ntchito yake. Near mpanda Kremlin inali Minin ng'ombe ipha shopu ndi mankhwala nyama. Zinthu anapita mwangwiro, amene amaloledwa kumanga nyumba yake mu mzinda kuthetsa Annunciation, kumene anakakhala pa nthawi anthu ndi ndalama. Ndipo posachedwa ndinapeza mkwatibwi zabwino - Tatiana Semenovna, amene anakhala mkazi wake, anamuberekera ana aamuna awiri - Nefedov ndi Leontius.

Kuitana Zemsky Mtsogoleriyu

Mwazina, Posadskogo Lyuda Kuzma anaima nzeru, mphamvu, ndi makings mtsogoleri zolaula. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa ndi anthu a Pamudzi, amene anali kutchuka kwambiri, Mtsogoleriyu awo osankhidwa Kuzma. Koma moona chibadidwe izo luso kutsegula mu 1611, pamene Nizhny Novgorod anatengedwa dipuloma mabishopu, Hermogenes, amene ankati makalasi onse a anthu Russian ananyamuka ndi ankhondowo Polish.

Kuti mumve kalata tsiku lomwelo iye akanati bwalo la mzinda, wopangidwa mwa oimira m'tawuni atsogoleri chapamwamba ndipo. Ine anamusamalira ndi Kuzma Minin. Chikadzangotha hayala anawerenga kwa anthu a Nizhny Novgorod, iye anawalankhula ndi mawu amoto kuitana kuima chikhulupiriro ndi Lathu ndipo chifukwa cha ichi wopatulika sadzamlekerera ngakhale moyo, ngakhale chuma.

amafuna okhwima nkhondo

Anthu a mumzindawu anayamba kulalikira nthawi yomweyo wake, koma ngati umenewu zikuluzikulu ntchito n'zofunika akhala wakhama handyman malonda, amene mphamvu adzakhala ndalama asilikali ndi yemwe wakhala mkulu nkhondowo, akhoza kutenga lamulo. Iwo anali Kuzma Minin ndi Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky, amene mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza kuti kazembe kwambiri. Tsopano, mu nkhani zonse zokhudza anthu ogwira ntchito ndi ndalama zofunika kupita mwachindunji Minin.

Gwiritsani kwa ulamuliro wake ndipo ndi thandizo la asilikali Pozharsky, izo anaganiza kuti aliyense wokhala mumzinda wa afunika zimathandiza kuti thumba ambiri kuchuluka ofanana ndi mmodzi mwa atatu lonse la chuma chake. Nthawi yapadera, ndalamazo zochepa wachisanu wa aziona onse anali nzika ya dziko. Sanafune kuti gawo posited, ufulu wawo wonse yaboma, wadutsa mu gulu la akapolo, ndi akatundu awo onse mokwanira nkhani kuti litenge mokomera asilikali. Awa ndi malamulo ankhanza a nkhondo, ndi Kuzma Minin sanali woyenera kusonyeza kufooka.

Mapangidwe militias ndi chiyambi cha nkhondoyi

Kuwerenga ndi kulemba, monga amene ali mu Nizhny Novgorod, anatumizidwa komanso m'mizinda ina yambiri ya Russia. Posachedwapa mu Nizhny Novgorod nawo m'magulu ambiri ochokera m'madera ena, komwe anthu ndi chimodzimodzi nsangala analabadira pempho za kholo. Chifukwa cha mapeto a March 1612 chaka cha Volga anasonkhana ambirimbiri mwa asilikali, amene atsogozedwa ndi Kuzma Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky.

Maziko mapangidwe womaliza wa asilikali anakhala ambiri malonda mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Choncho, mu July 1612 asilikali, mu chiwerengero cha anthu oposa zikwi makumi atatu zinalengedwa kukakumana mphamvu za hetman Yana Hodkevicha, kuthamangira kupulumutsa choletsedwa mu Moscow, ndi Polish asilikali. Nkhondo Pambuyo August 24 pansi makoma a likulu. N'zosangalatsa kumva ukulu anali kumbali ya anthu achilendo, koma makhalidwe a asilikali mosatsata iwo ubwino wake. Prince Pozharsky ndi Kuzma Minin anatsogolera njira ya nkhondo ndi chitsanzo chake cha kulimba mtima anaika asilikali.

Kremlin Zungulirwa

Chigonjetso adakwaniritsidwa. Adani anathawa, kusiya m'manja mwa militias zikho wolemera: mahema, mbendera, ng'oma ndi ngolo zinayi ndi chakudya. Komanso analandidwa akaidi ambiri. Getman anaponyedwa kuchokera ku Moscow, koma pa boma la Russia mayunitsi khoma anali Polish Colonel ndege ndi Rute, omwe anali akadali gwetsa. Komanso, mphamvu zina ndi owatsatira awo anali - boyars, peremetnuvshiesya Aisiraeli. Aliyense wa iwo anali ankhondo awo, amene amayenera kumenya.

Mu Zitsulo anazingidwa mu boma la Russia kwa nthawi yaitali pa chakudya, ndipo anavutika njala yoopsa. Podziwa ichi, Kuzma Minin ndi Pozharsky, pofuna kupewa ovulala zosafunika kuwalonjeza kuti adzipereke, amatsimikizira moyo, koma anakana. October 22 (November 1) ankhondo anadzasokoneza ndipo analanda China Town, koma kulimbikira anazinga anapitiriza. Njala mabungwe awo anayamba kudya.

The capitulation wa asilikali Polish ndi kulowa boma la Russia

Prince Pozharsky anasintha amafuna ndipo anapereka obwerawo kusiya boma la Russia ndi manja ndi mbendera, kusiya kokha zamtengo kubedwa, komanso pa Zitsulo sudalingane. Anabwera oukira kokha - olemekezeka ndi mabanja awo, amene Kuzma Minin, ataima pa Stone Bridge pachipata, anali kutetezedwa ku Cossacks, ndi kulakalaka kwa yomweyo yoŵerengerana ndi oukira.

Pozindikira chiwonongeko chawo, Oct. 26 (Nov. 5) anazinga linagonja ndipo anasiya boma la Russia. adzawonongedwa zina zinali zosiyana. Mwayi Regiment analamula anamudzutsa Iye anali mu malo Pozharsky asilikali, ndipo adasunga mawu ake, kuwasunga moyo potumiza patapita Nizhny Novgorod. Koma Regiment ndege inagunda kwa bwanamkubwa Trubetskoy ndipo anauwonongeratu ndi Cossacks.

Great tsiku m'mbiri ya Russia anali October 27 (November 6) mu 1612. Ukatha msonkhano, anachita Archimandrite cha Utatu-Sergio ansembe yotchedwa Dionisiyo wa asilikali Kuzmy Minina ndi Pozharsky, ndi kulira mabelu mwakachetechete analowa boma la Russia. Mwatsoka, mpaka lero iye alibe moyo wa mabishopu Hermogenes, amene anamuukitsa kuitana anthu ake Russian kuti amenyane ndi Aisiraeli. Chifukwa chokana kugonjera chifuniro awo Zitsulo Zamora kumupha mu chapansi wa Chudov obisika.

chifundo Tsar a

Mu July 1613 panali mwambo chidwi kuti zinayambitsa ulamuliro trohsotletnemu House Romanovs mpando wachifumu Russian anakwera woyamba wa nthumwi zawo - mfumu Mikhail Fedorovich. Izi zinachitika pa July 12, ndipo tsiku lotsatira tate wa mafumu monarchic - amayamikira ntchito zake zosonyeza kukonda - Kuzma Minin mwapatsidwa udindo wa fuko lomveka wa Duma. Zinali mphoto woyenera, chifukwa masiku amenewo anali udindo chachitatu "ulemu", kuwonjezera pa boyar ndi okolnichy. Tsopano mlengi wa asilikali awo anali ndi ufulu kukhala ndi Boyar Duma, lotsogoledwa ndi malamulo kapena kukhala kazembe.

Popeza Minin anasangalala chidaliro malire mwayekha lapansi. Pamene 1615 Mikhail Fedorovich ndi anzake apamtima anapitiriza ulendo kwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra, chitetezo cha likulu zopatsidwa kwa iye, chifukwa iye ankadziwa kuti, kumasula Moscow kwa adani wakale, munthu adzatha kumuteteza m'tsogolo. M'tsogolo, mfumu zambiri anadalira Minin ntchito udindo.

Imfa ndi chinsinsi kugwirizana ndi zotsalira za ngwazi za

Kuzma Mihaylovich Minin anatisiya pa May, 21, 1616 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu mpingo churchyard Pohvalinskoy. Mu 1672, woyamba Nizhny Novgorod Metropolitan Filaret analamula kusamutsa phulusa lake ku Chiwalitsiro Cathedral wa boma la Russia mu Nizhny Novgorod. Mu mmasate za m'ma XIX wokongola dilapidated ndi nthawi kachisi anagwetsa, ndipo mu 1838, panjirazo anamanga ina.

m'kaidi wake anagwidwa phulusa Minin ndi akalonga angapo. zaka zana kenako, kutsatira mfundo kuti kulibe nkhondo, ndi Bolsheviks anali ataphwasula pansi pa kachisi ndi zotsalira za Nizhny Novgorod militiamen anabwera m'nyumbayi malo komanso anatitumiza kwa Angelo Michael Cathedral mu Nizhny Novgorod. Ndipo analandira wosasamala mwalamulo monga malo m'manda a Kuzma Minin.

Komabe, ofufuza chikutanthauza ena kukayikira. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti Mikayeli Mkulu wa Angelo Cathedral anali phulusa la munthu zosiyana, ndi zotsalira za ngwazi yotchuka adakali pansi pa malo pamene kachisi anawonongedwa. Pali tsopano pomanga nyumba ya Nizhny Novgorod oyendetsa Council City, kotero kuti una ndi kutsimikiza kapena kutsutsa izi kungoganizira kwambiri kosatheka.

ana zikomo

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake Minin anali Nefedov, yemwe anali loya mu Moscow - anali ndi udindo winawake mu chimodzi cha malamulo mfumu. Kukumbukira nyota bambo ake, Mikhail Fedorovich dipuloma wapadera manowa ufulu wake umwini wa m'mudzi patrimonial wa Bogorodsk m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod. Iye nayenso anali mtunda ndi boma la Russia mu Nizhny Novgorod.

Kuzma Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky kumbuyo Russia, ndi ana oyamikira mu 1818, anakhazikitsa mu Moscow, chipilala kuti dziko lawo anthu oona a dziko lawo. Mlembi wake anali kwambiri ziboliboli I. P. Martos, ndipo analengedwa pa zopereka zaufulu kwa anthu. Poyamba izo zinakonzedwa kukhazikitsa chipilala mu Nizhny Novgorod - chopunthira cha asilikali anthu, koma kenako anaganiza chinamuthandiza likulu, monga chintchito anthu awa akukhudza awo umaposa mzinda umodzi.