Paratrofiya makanda: mlingo wa mankhwala

Mu m'badwo wa zipangizo zamagetsi ndi kusala chakudya kunenepa kazivutitsa aliyense wokhala chachitatu cha dziko. Zikuonekeratu kuti moyo wofooka ndi zakudya zamagulu zifukwa zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ichi akuluakulu. Koma chifukwa ndi zambiri, malingana ndi kuwerengera zachipatala, lolembedwa milandu thupi kwambiri owonjezera ana pansi chaka chimodzi zakubadwa? Kodi zifukwa pali kudwala? Kodi kunenepa (paratrofiya) ana? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa - nkhaniyi.

paratrofiya ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri pamwamba ananena kuti boma la ana lotchedwa kunenepa. Koma ku mawonedwe a mankhwala, mawu amenewa ndi olakwika. Ndithudi, paratrofiya ndi matenda yodziwika ndi kulemera owonjezera. Koma chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwanayo ndi boma ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuganizira akatswiri kuchititsa matenda ndi chitukuko cha regimens mankhwala pang'ono mtima. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala amatha kupangitsa matenda "paratrofiya" kukachitika kuti kuposa kulemera kwa mwanayo 10% ya malamulo analandira kwa nthawi makamaka zaka.

Nthawi zambiri chikhalidwe ichi amawapeza ndi kuyeza ndi zasayansi njira pa zaka miyezi 3-5. Mu theka chaka kale anafotokoza paratrofiya zizindikiro ana. Photo mwana akuvutika kudwala izi anapereka m'munsimu.

mitundu paratrofii

Mu mankhwala, pali mitundu iwiri ya okhumudwa.

Woyamba ndi losavuta kunenepa, zomwe zayamba chifukwa cha overfeeding agologolo mwana. Mmene kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda ndi kawirikawiri akuluakulu pitani kuchipatala mochedwa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zikuoneka mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko paratrofii mwana amawoneka wathanzi, "ngwazi onenepa." Makolo a ana awa akhoza samapeza wa nyenyeswa wabwino kudya wake wamtima chete (chimene chiri mochitika anafooka, chifukwa ndi owonjezera thupi). Koma popanda kusintha zakudya pang'onopang'ono chikhalidwe mwana adzakhala poipa. Ndiye zingakhale co-morbidities, makamaka, nthawi zambiri kukhala matenda kapepala kakuti m'mimba, akuchuluka magazi, kumaonjezera katundu pa chiwindi ndi impso. Popanda chithandizo choyenera, matenda amenewa amakula mwamsanga zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe acidosis, rickets, kuchepa magazi, chifuwa.

Mtundu yachiwiri ndi zimam'patsa overfeeding. Vutolo limachitika chifukwa cha owonjezera kudya mbewu monga chimanga, timadziti, mitanda mwana wanu. Mmenemonso pali kuchepa kwambiri khungu turgor, edema, pallor ndi "marbling" wa khungu. Mwana limati chimbudzi lotayirira ndi kumakhala kutengera kuti kusanza. Mtundu paratrofii kumabweretsa malabsorption zakudya, choncho, amachititsa hypovitaminosis, hypocalcemia, rickets.

The kukula kwa matenda

Pali madigiri atatu ana paratrofii:

• woyamba anapezeka pamene mwana zimawonedwa 10 20% ya kulemera kwa owonjezera thupi;
• pamene kulemera chachiwiri ndi 25-35%;
• wachitatu amakhala ndi zizindikiro za 40-50%.

Paratrofii madigiri kusiyana pa ana kumaonekera maonekedwe. Choncho, ana pa siteji oyambirira a matenda pali m'makwinya a mafuta m'chiuno ndi pachifuwa. Pomwe mlingo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu paratrofii kulemera ndi anagawira thupi lonse. Choncho, ndi kuyeza circumference wa pamimba, ndi chifuwa mwana, mwina kudziŵika kuti mlingo woyamba wa 3-5 masentimita ndi wamkulu kuposa wachiwiri.

zifukwa paratrofii

N'chifukwa chiyani ana zimachitika mavuto ndi kukhala onenepa kwambiri? Mfundo yaikulu ndiyakuti kutupikana. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mu nkhani iyi zakudya zofunika osati kwa mwana, koma mayi ake.

Choncho, ana paratrofiya pansi chaka wina amaonera si kugwilizana ndi zakudya akazi pa mimba ndi yoyamwitsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayi m'tsogolo kwambiri za zinthu zowotcha, okoma, zakudya mafuta zambiri kumayambitsa onenepa mwana adakali utero. Komanso, ana amene anabadwa zinali zodzaza ndi thupi misa lalikulu, sachedwa kulemera mofulumira phindu m'tsogolo (1 1.5 makilogalamu pa mwezi).

Chiyambi zakudya wowonjezera kapena kudya m'malo akhoza zimawonjezera vutoli. Choncho, feedings pafupipafupi, owonjezera muyezo woyenera wa kusankha zolakwika zosakaniza ndi zinthu zimene imautsa chitukuko cha matenda monga paratrofiya chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Komanso chifukwa cha chikhalidwe pathological angakhale kuphwanya kamwedwe tsiku mwanayo. Makamaka, kuletsa ntchito mwana, infrequent kuyenda panja zingachititse kunenepa.

Nthawi zina paratrofiya ana osaposa chaka chimodzi chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana matenda kugwirizana ndi kuphwanya njira kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi.

Kodi oopsa?

Anthu ankakhulupirira anthu kuti ngati mwanayo amadya, ndi wathanzi, ndi thunthu cholakwika. Paratrofiya ana - n'zovuta mawu a mankhwala ndi oopsa thanzi. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro bwino kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la mwana nthawi zambiri si anati, matenda amayambitsa angapo mavuto ena. Choyamba, pali chisokonezo thirakiti m'mimba, amene, zingathandize kuti mayamwidwe osauka zakudya. Motero, kukhala kuperewera kwa mavitamini, kuchepa magazi, acidosis. Kupanda zofunika kukula ndi chitukuko cha zida ndi limagwirira choyambitsa mapangidwe rickets. Komanso, chifukwa cha zipolowe kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira.

Complicates matenda ndi mankhwala ana paratrofii chifukwa chakuti akulu zambiri osaganizira za onenepa mwana chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu, agogo ake satopa kaso plump duwa mdzukulu. Nthawi zambiri makolo si kuyesetsa kuthetsa matenda zinachititsa kuti pakhale ngati boma, kuphwanya kuwapempha dokotala, amakana Kupenda zina. mfundozi zimawonjezera vuto alipo, potero complicating njira zake m'tsogolo.

zizindikiro

Akadzauzidwa chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe ichi ndi khalidwe chithunzi cha mwana:

• m'makwinya a mafuta pa manja, miyendo, chibwano;
• yatupa pamimba poyerekeza ndi chifuwa;
• lalifupi khosi.

Komanso, zizindikiro ndi paratrofii:

• utachepa minofu kamvekedwe;
• imfa ya elasticity wa khungu;
• wotumbululuka, khungu youma;
• kuphwanya chopondapo, kupweteka m'mimba;
• stiffness, ulesi;
• kupezeka kwa thewera zidzolo mu makutu khungu;
• kugona chisokonezo;
• propensity kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana;
• rickets.

Motero, pali paratrofiya matenda makanda. Photography pansipa atsimikiza zizindikiro za matenda monga zikamera wa madipoziti owonjezera mafuta ndi mapangidwe makwinya khungu.

diagnostics

Matendawa "paratrofiya" chingagwiritsidwe dokotala zochokera zotsatira za miyezo ya mwana ndi correlate iwo ndi malamulo anakhazikitsa.

Komanso, chitsimikiziro cha matenda, ndi kuzindikira matenda ena okhudzidwa, oikidwa ndi magazi. magawo zofunika ingatithandize kuzindikira boma la mwanayo ndi insulin, mafuta m'thupi, hemoglobin, vitamini B ₅ ndi B _12, kupatsidwa folic acid, chitsulo.

zimatchula zimene akatswiri?

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo mwanayo ayenera kuunikira zonse ndi dokotala wa ana. Phunziro kwa mikhalidwe imene dokotala amatha mwamsanga kuti vuto ndi kusankha kufunika kutumiza kwa akatswiri. Choncho, malingana ndi chikhalidwe mwana, muyenera kufunsa munthu allergist, cardiologist, m'thupi yemwenso, immunologist.

mankhwala a matenda

kuchipatala pamaso pa matenda, kodi ndi vuto ili? Paratrofiya ana amafunika chithandizo yaitali. Choyamba kukhala chakudya payekha: amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi pafupipafupi kudya. Ngati mwana breastfed, mayi ayenera kuganizira pa chakudya chanu. Akazi ayenera kuchepetsa kumwa mafuta, zakudya zotsekemera, "kanthu" chakudya.

Pamene yokumba kudya, madokotala kulengeza ntchito osakaniza acidophilus. Mwachitsanzo, ana mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Tiwatenga monga "Baby", "Rostock 1". Ana miyezi 6 mpaka 12 ayenera kusankhidwa "Atsidolak", "Bifilok".

Ana akhoza Dopaivat madzi mchere popanda mpweya kapena carotene kusakaniza.

kutikita

Pamene paratrofii analimbikitsa kutikita wapadera, amene angachichite zothandizira mipingo yawo namwino kunyumba. Ndondomeko bwino magazi, kubweretsa madzimadzi owonjezera m'thupi, kufulumizitsa kagayidwe. Magawo zizichitidwa tsiku kwa mphindi 10-15.

zolimbitsa thupi achire

Amadziwika kuti kuwonda n'kofunika kuonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Choncho wapadera kokoka, kupuma kokoka, nezi zonse mu mpweya wabwino, masewera panja adzakhala imathandizira lipole, kusintha zotsatira ndi kungobweretsa kwambiri zosangalatsa mwana wa mbuzi.

Kodi ndifunika mankhwala?

Pamene paratrofii dokotala akhoza perekani vitamini zovuta chimene chili chofunika kwa mtundu winawake wa matenda. Komanso, mungafunike mankhwala zochizira ziwengo, rickets, magazi m'thupi.

kupewa matenda

Paratrofiya ana chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali. Choncho, tiyenera kukumbukira za kupewa vuto limeneli mwa mwanayo. Samalani tiyenera kukhala mu nthawi ya mimba: ntchito akazi chakudya chabwino kwambiri amachepetsa chiopsezo kunenepa mavuto mwanayo. Atabadwa nyenyeswa ndi chofunika kuti aziona zakudya wake.

Mukhoza kuchita kutenga mpweya wabwino. Musaiwale za kutikita tsiku ndi olimbitsa. Zothandiza osati kwa paratrofii kupewa, komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chokwanira, kuchotsa minofu kamvekedwe ka dongosolo kupuma kwa mwana kusambira. Atakula mwana kuti chidwi masewera mafoni masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Nkofunika kusunga ndi tchuthi mode chimatulutsa kugona n'kofunika kuti muteteze ndiponso kulimbikitsa thanzi la kukula chamoyo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti njira anafotokoza zopewera kumathandizanso kuteteza matenda kugwirizana ndi sikelo. Njala ndiponso paratrofiya ana - chikhalidwe chimene chimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Choncho, ntchito zabwino chakudya ndi moyo yogwira ali ofunika pa thanzi la akulu ndi ana omwe.

Paratrofiya ana wakhala vuto lalikulu m'mayiko onse otukuka a dziko. Onenepa mwana kumayambitsa mavuto aakulu pa ukalamba, makamaka, kunenepa. Komanso, matenda zapamwamba, zimakhalanso zovuta amenable kukonza. Komanso, ndikamezetsanidwemo makhalidwe ubwana kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa umoyo wa wodwalayo ndi kulemera owonjezera ndi chitukuko cha comorbidities. Pamene akulemekeza malamulo zikuluzikulu za zakudya ndi kuyenda kulola ife kuchepetsa pafupifupi ziro chiopsezo paratrofii. Choncho, makolo achinyamata ayenera kulipira mwapadera kuti mfundozi ndi kusamalira thanzi la nyenyeswa za Asanabadwe.