Prepositions, zolumikizira, particles: kalembedwe

Prepositions, zolumikizira, particles satanthauza palokha, ndi kutumikira mbali ya kulankhula. Izi zikutanthauza sali okha akhoza kuyitana zinthu kapena katundu, kapena limati, kapena kuchita. Popanda angachite bwana, pokhala iwo eni wokha, popanda nkhani ya mbali palokha wa kulankhula, kupanga chiganizo sindingakhoze. Komabe, udindo wa mawu ntchito mu mawu sayenera saganizira: prepositions, zolumikizira ndi particles ayenera kulankhula asapita zamalankhulidwe ndi mwamawonekedwe pakati pa mawu palokha mwa ziganizo. Zida za mawu kudzakudikira konse ndi mbali ya mawuwo.

mbali morphological

Onse Kugwirizana particles, prepositions, ndi mbali zawo morphological. Yekha wamba awo kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe khalidwe angatchedwe wosasinthika. Tsopano tiyeni tione wina ndi mbali awa a utumiki kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane.

chowiringula

Union, ndi tinthu chikugwirizana (woyamba) ndipo kuwonjezera mithunzi ya mawu tanthauzo (wachiwiri). A anawagwiritsira ntchito mu chiganizo chimodzi kapena mawu - yolumikizana mawu zomangamanga zolondola kalembedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndimapita ku sukulu, kuimba limba, analumpha pa mpanda, ankachita nawo pa chaka, etc.

Pali mitundu itatu ya prepositions mu zikuchokera.

• Zambiri: mkati, pa, kuti, pansi, pa chifukwa zisanachitike, pa, patsogolo, pambuyo, ndi ena.
• Zovuta: Kunsi chifukwa neri Al.
• Zigawo: chifukwa nthawi, ngakhale, ndi poyerekezera ndi ena.

Mu chiyambi chake ndi njira prepositions mapangidwe zichokera, ie, anatuluka mbali zina za kulankhula ndi sanali ofanana nawo.

• Prepositions opangidwa kuchokera ungadzakhazikitsidwe ku adverbs: mozungulira, pamodzi, pafupi ndi ena.
• Awonekere mbali mwadzina wa kulankhula; pakuti ndi ulemu, pafupifupi, chifukwa, mu view neri Al.
• Iwo akhoza kuchitika, ndipo kuchokera kasewenzetsedwe ka mau: adayamika, kenako, kuphatikizapo ena.

Limodzi kapena payekhapayekha?

Kalembedwe prepositions, zolumikizira, ndi tinthu nthawi okha pamodzi, kupatukana kapena kulemba ntchito dashes.

• Pamodzi ife kulemba zifukwa zotsatirazi:

pamodzi, ndi, chifukwa chakuti, m'malo mwake, chifukwa, lonse.

• Payokha kulemba prepositions:

kuti, pomaliza, pakapita, kuti, tingati monga, chifukwa chake.

• Ndi mukapeza lemba prepositions:

chifukwa, mwa oposa.

muzilankhula

ndi ubwenzi pakati pa mawu notional lingapereke prepositions chiyani? Mabungwe ndi particles, tikuona, nayenso, ndi makhalidwe awo boma, amene amanena pansipa.

Prepositions kufotokoza mfundo izi:

• chinthu: ndakusowa, atiyesera ife, anaimirira iye pa msonkhano;
• okhudza malo: ndinachoka kunja kwa dziko, kudali pafupi zisudzo, kupita kukakhala ku Alaska;
• nthawi: I ipyole week'll kupeza masana; m'kupita kwa sabata anatsanulira mvula;
• zikhudze: nkhondo lingaliro, kukhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha choonadi, kupereka ndizidzakumbukira zakale;
• Chifukwa: musalekane chifukwa cha nyengo, anapeza KUDZERA MWA ABWENZI kumbuyo chifukwa cha matenda;
• attributive: wovulidwa biriwita, ndi pulogalamu yoyeseza ndi powerengetsera ndi odula ubweya;
• poyerekeza: kukula kwa fingernail ndi munthu anadza kwa amake, ndipo khalidwe - bambo ake;
• zochita: kuseka mu mphamvu ya kulingalira ndi nkhawa, kuyang'ana popanda chidwi.

Kodi kusiyanitsa prepositions ku mbali zina za mawu?

Nthawi zina gawo wothandiza wa kulankhula - prepositions, zolumikizira, tinthu - akhoza molakwika chimatengedwa ngati woima paokha. Komabe, pali njira imene mukhoza bwino kusiyanitsa pakati pa iyo.

• Osati kusokonezedwa ndi anawagwiritsira adverb, onetsetsani kuti kuseri kwa izo pali nauni kapena puronauni. Yerekezerani: Round woumba ndi kupanikizana zouluka njuchi / woumba ndi kupanikizana anaima pa tebulo, kuzungulira ndegeyo njuchi.
• Za kusiyana chowiringula kwa osakaniza ndi nauni ndi anawagwiritsira kutha beep. The amapereka nthawi zonse, monga nauni ndi zingasiyane pamene ntchito ndi prepositions osiyana: pa nyengo / pa mitsinje, ndi mitsinje, ku otaya mitsinje, m'kupita mitsinje, etc.
• Anawagwiritsira ngakhale ofanana gerund, koma isiyana mu tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo: ngakhale mvula, machesi unachitikira / osati akuyang'ana pa ine, anachoka mofulumira chipinda. Tanthauzo la mawu oyambirira ndi anawagwiritsira ndi: ngakhale kuti unali mvula, machesi si zimafika, izo unachitikira. Tanthauzo la chiganizo chachiwiri ndi gerund kuti: popanda kuyang'ana pa ine, iye anasiya chipinda.

Tidapeza mavuto waukulu zikhoza chochitira.

wogwirizana

tinthu A msonkhano waluso mbali ya kulankhula Mwachitsanzo, kusintha mawu makhalidwe morphological (mwachitsanzo, mneni kulenga makonzedwe kapena kuyesetsa). mwayi umenewu alibe mgwirizano. Cholinga cha gawo ili utumiki wa kulankhula - yekha kulumikiza mawu homogeneous ndi ziganizo yosavuta mwa zovuta lapansi.

Mitundu zilumikizano

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mabungwe akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena pawiri, ndi mtengo - coordinative ndi subordinative.

Coordinative kulibe kuti amange mfundo homogeneous ndi losavuta ofanana ndi mnzake mwa ziganizo zovuta yosavuta. Nawonso, anawagawa mitundu itatu.

• Kulumikiza: M'bale ndi mlongo anali ofanana. Ife anaika mlongoti, monga ndondomeko mwasankha. Mkate ndi phala - chakudya.
• Adversative: Iye anapita kunja, koma zitseko sanachite pafupi. Ndinawerenga ndipo mumvetsere. A Vaska amamvetsera koma kudya. Sitinazione Chaliapin, koma mawu ake.
• Kupatuka: Sikuti madzulo, osati mmawa m'bwalomo. Beris ntchito kapena tchuthi. Ine ndikufuna kudziwa chinsinsi, kapena sindingathe kugona usiku.

Mu subordinating zolumikizira ntchito zambiri zosamvetsetseka - amanga mwa zovuta amapereka yosavuta, mmodzi amene ali wamng'ono kwa ena. Choncho, gulu la Union allocates mfundo zambiri.

• Chifukwa: Muli pamwamba zisanu, chifukwa chodziwika bwino phunziro. Chifukwa chakuti kutentha mpweya kuposa malire nkosaloledwa sukulu zimafika.
• Chandamale: Arseny anabwera kudzaona Katya. Kukula nkhuku ayenera mwaluso ndiponso mosamala.
• Nthawi: Si chimatha moto uvuni, ife sadzafa ndi njala ndi ozizira. Sadzachitanso adapereka nkhungu, Gabriel anaona gombe. Kuyambira inu chatsalira, ife sankanyoza mu chipinda chino.
• Makonzedwe: Ine ndichita, ngati inu angakuthandizeni. Chonde, ngati nyumba adzakhala.
• Kuyerekezera: Anaona zolakwa zonse, ngati kupyolera galasi lokulitsira. Ndimakonda mamba agwa kuchoka m'maso mwake.
• Izjasnitelnyh: Makolo athu kuti padziko lapansi apuma pa nsanamira zitatu.
• Concessive Anali agile, ngakhale ang'ono.
• Zotsatira: Inu anasankha, choncho usakhale kukwiya.

mabungwe Features kalembedwe

mabungwe kalembedwe (prepositions, particles) kumvera lamulo - sangathe kusokonezedwa ndi ziwembu kuti kuphatikiza mbali ya kulankhula mayina ndi prepositions kapena particles.

• Mabungwe, naponso, monga, koma kulemba mawu amodzi: "Ndinali msangamsanga kwa Nina, iye, nayenso, anali akuyembekezera msonkhano." "Iye analumpha moto, moti kuti kutenthedwa." "Mwiniwake kulenga zovuta zambiri, koma wolemekezeka."
• Akuti ndi particles padera analemba kuti: "Zinali kavalidwe yomweyo, imene ankaimba Chopin." "Wokondedwa wanga, kodi tingachite popanda inu!" "Beris okha malonda, m'njira iliyonse."

tinthu

Mu utumiki uwu mbali ya mawu, pali ntchito ziwiri. Iwo choyamba anayambitsanso mithunzi watsopano kutanthauza mawu, ndipo kachiwiri, tingati njira yatsopano ya mawu. Choncho, particles ali m'magulu awiri.

Ulili particles n'zotheka kuti ntchito mneni mu lokhala wosasangalala kuyesetsa ndi makonzedwe. Awa ndiwo mawu Tiye, kodi, etc. Zitsanzo. "Tiyeni nyimbo inayambika!" "Ndikufuna kuona mzinda."

particles zamalankhulidwe kupereka mithunzi osiyana mawu lexical ndi ziganizo. Iwo anabwera mu njira zosiyanasiyana.

• Wachisoni: Iye sanali ngwazi za buku langa. Ine sindimatanthauza kuti mukhumudwa.
• Funso: Kodi n'zoona mukudziwa Napoleon? Ndi zina - lotseguka?
• Akuti: Kodi ndi mawu! Kodi wokondeka!
• Ponena: chomera Izi madzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Apa pakubwera mphunzitsi wathu.
• Kukambirana: Ndi mawu anu. Msungwana - kupingasa tsitsi la Arishka wathu.
• Zolimba: Paulo anaganiza za izo, iye ankamukonda kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale mu masiku a mtima kwambiri mwa ife ofunda mphamvu ya chiyembekezo.
• Ndi mtengo wa chikaiko: Maestro chodziwikiratu kusewera lero.
• Kutipanikiza-secretory: Ndipo kodi usadbe- thambo! Kulikonse zinali chete, koma munda wa mofewa enanso anabedwa masamba.

Nkofunika kuti tisasokoneze tanthauzo tinthu -So ndi postfix kutanthauza kupanga akuti kalekale. Yerekezerani: ndife ndi mukudziwa amene anali m'ngalawamo (ndi tinthu). Pamene kuli kofunikira kuyamba (suffix).

kulongosola mfundo

Tiona ngati pali osiyana kwambiri tinthu ngati chowiringula monga ogwirizana monga. Anawagwiritsira chinenero cha Chirasha si monga tinthu komanso chigwirizano ndi zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndiponso kufunika, ngati iwo ali pa nkhani iliyonse mbali utumiki wosiyana wa kulankhula. zitsanzo:

• Kodi chilungamo, mmene atsopano anali maluwa! (Modabwa tinthu sayansi).
• Ndinaphunzira kupweteka ntchito yaukapolo (izjasnitelnyh Union).
• The mphaka anali wakuda ngati nsapato osalala (poyerekeza Union).

Tiyeni Musasokonezeke

Ife tinapeza ntchito ndi makhalidwe a kalembedwe boma la mawu. Iwo ali ofanana ndi ntchito zawo ndi tanthauzo popanda mbali mwadzina wa kulankhula, kotero saletsa mu zolumikizira wina mulu, akuti, particles, prepositions, adverbs, ndi mbali zina kulankhula.