Prison m'nyengo Tobolsk, ndi odziwika m'ndende maloko ena

Aliyense linga m'ndende, ngakhale koyamba maganizo abwino ndipo zabwino, zikuoneka kuti sizidzasintha. tsamba Sad wa mbiri pamene anali ndende, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa lonse maonekedwe ake zosasangalatsa apamtima.

wachisoni wokongola

Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka French Nyumbayi Conciergerie ku Paris. Anamanga ngati nyumba ya mafumu iye, inasanduka m'ndende linga. Ndipo ndi 1793 ambiri anamvetsa bwino monga ndende kwambiri mwankhanza France. akaidi ake anali Marie Antoinette, Maksimilian Robesper, Emile Zola, Mata Hari. Ndiponso zimene ngodya umayang'ana si, kutengedwa ngati nyumba ya mafumu zovuta, n'loti mawu "ndende". Ambiri ndi zitsanzo ngati zimenezi: wotchuka Chateau d'Ngati ndi Tower wa Dover - ndi lodziwika bwino English nyumba, ndende imodzi anamangapo ndi William Mgonjetsi. Tower, ataima pa gombe la mtsinjewu ndi malo m'mbiri ya London. M'mbiri ake, zinali linga ndi nyumba yachifumu, nkhokwe, timbewu tonunkhira, ndi Observatory. Koma kumvetsetsa anthu ambiri - ichi ndi ndende kwambiri pa London. List akhoza kudzutsa mphamvu Castle Sant'Angelo ku Rome pakati ndi Austria "Bastille" Mukachevo Nyumbayi "Palanok" ndi "Pearl mayiko Wolakwayo - Tashkent Central. Nyumba zimenezi kwenikweni wokongola, koma kukongola kwa mdima awo ndipo kawirikawiri zimayambitsa kusangalala.

lolemera wapakamwa

M'mawu oti "ndende linga" yaikulu akuti ndi "kundende," kenako "zazikulu". Nthawi zambiri, nyumba izi poyamba anatuma ntchito zosiyanasiyana, koma Castle mu Tobolsk kuyambira chiyambi anamanga ngati ndende. Ndipo mwa iwo anali 1989, yomwe umasamutsidwa ku kumalo ozizira Urals mu m'tawuni-mtundu kuthetsa Zeze. Komabe, pa zifukwa zina, iye sankanyoza chisoni. Mwinamwake ndi zonse za mtundu? Tobolsk m'ndende linga (chithunzi Ufumuyo), makamaka wapakamwa wofunika, ngati khoma konse akanayang'ana ngati sewero. Kapena nyumba za ambuye m'deralo. Inde, ndipo ili mu mzindawo.

chipangizo m'kaidi

Koma ngakhale ofunika maonekedwe abwino, ndi chimodzi cha mdima ndende Russian ndi Siberia - ndi chankhanza. Mmodzi mwa akaidiwo anali ofanana ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu kuti ndi bwino kuti ntchito mwakhama, kuposa Tobolsk "krytku" (yokutidwa m'ndende), umene unali wotchuka ngakhale mtundu wa lapadera la chilango. Panali "ozizira", "mdima" ndi "chonyowa" makamera amene analipo mu ndende zonse Russian. Koma iwo lowonjezera ndi maselo chipangizo chilango "otentha", "galasi", "linunda" ndi "mdima." Mu wina akanangokhoza kukhala kapena pogona chifukwa cha kudenga otsika, mu "galasi" - choimirira khoma mbale "otentha" anali m'ndende. Izi Nyumbayi ndende yotchuka chifukwa wozunzikirapo ake inquisitorial ( "legeni" ndi "mipando" "nsapato" ndi "unyolo"). Imakhala chilango monga riveting mkaidi khoma kwa nthawi ya zaka 5. Nsinga ndi ena mwa akaidi analibe chithunzi chimene chinasintha gait anthu ndi kuwapanga iwo kuzindikira. Amathawathawa anatsimikiza yomweyo. Apa ndi kudula akaidi awo m'njira yapadera - ndendende theka mutu anameta. Ankachita zimenezi pofuna kuthengo kamodzi zinali zotheka kudziwa amene anapulumuka m'ndende.

A lalikulu staging positi

Tobolsk chapakati - zakuda tsamba mbiri ya mzinda, amene anali zamaulendo imene akaidi ambiri. Tobolsk kupeza latsopano, zambiri lalikulu m'ndende. Ndipo mu 1838 ku St. Petersburg, chosankha pa ntchito yomanga imeneyi waukulu m'ndende m'linga. ntchito ndi m'manja mwa wamanga akuzigawo Weigel. Anaganiza kumaliza ntchito yomanga zaka 4, kuyambira 1841-TH. Tenders yomanga ndi kupanga ntchito zonse ikuchitika kudzera nyuzipepala likulu, kusankha malo ndipo wapatsidwa kwa wamanga rasplanirovka Suvorov. Chifukwa chake anasankhidwa ngati mzinda, ndicho kumpoto, kumadzulo m'mphepete mwa Cape Utatu? Choyamba, chifukwa chiwerengero cha ndale chikukwera, ndipo kuwonjezera Tobolsk malo a ukapolo anakhala lalikulu polumikizira mfundo - otaya akupita kudutsa mzinda. Kachiwiri, izo ziri pano, mu Tobolsk Kremlin, unapangidwa chifukwa cha dismantling a dilapidated linga khoma 1782 ndi kugwetsa wa anagwa wa Mpingo Utatu 1791-mamita abwino malo. Choncho anamangidwa ndi chinthu yomweyo inasanduka m'ndende linga Tobolsk Kremlin. Ndipo tsopano kukopa waukulu mumzinda - zimenezi ndiye zovuta nyumba ili pa Cape Utatu.

Siberia yosatha

chinthu athandizira nthawi yomwe wangobadwa kumene, Weigel Anam'samutsira Perm, mapulani zasintha ndipo ndiyenera chomaliza phungu titular ndipo wamanga Chernenko. Zatsirizidwa kale mapiko mbali sanakhutire ndi kuvomereza ntchito kudenga mkulu - iwo anasintha. Mkati ndende inamangidwa zambiri outbuildings, kuphatikizapo chipatala ndi mankhwala ndi msonkhano nsapato kusoka. Patapita kanthawi, pakati pa zomangamanga, anaganiza kumanga mpingo. Zonsezi anachedwa nthawi kutumidwa. Ndipo pa 25 November 1855 ndende linga (Tobolsk) ndi mpingo pamene wodzipereka mu dzina Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Mogwirizana ndi nthawi

Ndalama chinthu ichi moponya 130 zikwi rubles siliva. The kundende ndi yaikulu - pa madera ake anaika anayi zipinda zazikulu kwambiri kwa akaidi, zotsatirazi zina pa siteji. m'ndende Izi ikumangidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za nthawi ku malo monga chonchi - ndi kuchipatala chidwi Commission ndi buledi. Patapita nthawi, tinatsegula pano ndi mpingo. Koma V. G. Korolenko, amene ankabwera kuno kawiri mkaidi, anafotokoza zoopsa za pakati m'ndende mu nkhani yake "Yasha". Kuwonjezera iye panali N. Chernyshevsky F. Dostoevsky, M. Petrashevsky ndi Solzhenitsyn, Fanny Kaplan.

chinyengo sightliness

The lonse m'ndende zovuta imakhala nyumba asanu, amene, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, maonekedwe si amafanana m'ndende. Ndipo zomangamanga (nyumbayi anamaliza mu mochedwa kalembedwe Chakale), amene ena mwa nkhani anagwiritsa ntchito adjective "kaso" ndi mtundu wa m'makola mwawo sayenera kulemera pa anthu wamba kudziwa kuti kwenikweni ndi ndende linga (Tobolsk). Photo ntchito m'munsi amaperekedwa mu anati mwapadera.

Zikhalidwe m'ndende akaidi, monga taonera kale, anali achiwawa kwambiri Siberia. M'ndende zachiwawa kunabuka mobwerezabwereza, yaikulu amene anali mu zaka za 1907 ndi 1918.

imfa msampha

Kumene, panali malo osewerera kupereka akaidi pa kupondereza Stalinist inasanduka malo kupereka misa ndi maliro. Tobolsk zovuta, monga iwo amati amizimu, ali analemera kwambiri kuchuluka yaikulu mphamvu zoipa, chifukwa akaidi Russian amatchedwa "manda" ndende linga. Tobolsk imatchedwanso pokhala likulu la dziko lake, pamene iye anabadwa ndi moyo Geogy Rasputin - munthu, chidwi zomwe si kutha msinkhu. Kremlin kwa mzinda, mu gulu loyimba monga ndende linga, ankaona ngale ya Siberia - yekha mwala citadel mu Urals lapansi. Iye anali wopambana wa siteji ya mpikisano "7 zodabwitsa za Russia".

"Malo osati kutali" mu South Palmyra

Wa nyumba ya mtundu uwu chidwi chopanda malire ayenera kukhala chomveka, ndipo tsopano Odessa m'ndende linga. Chifukwa yomanga ake akadali yemweyo - mu mochedwa XIX atumwi, kawiri chiwerengero cha akaidi. Nyumba, anamanga msewu Lustdorf ndithudi zabwino kuti kukongola mdima, amene silili nyumba ya ndende, ndicho maloko. malo, odzipereka ndi akuluakulu a mzinda, kutsogozedwa ndi ndiye Kazembe George Marazli, pafupi ndi manda Mkhristu. Yomanga zinachitikadi ndi Alexander O. Tomishko anamanga wotchuka m'ndende St. Petersburg "Mitanda". M'tsinde mwa kutseka chake akuimira mtanda, ndi nsanja chapakati mkati. Onse divergent zinayi storey mapiko ndi zapansi. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa nyumba izi linaikidwa yandekha.

The ndende anali makono ndi nyumba kuchipatala mabedi zana, ndi ntchito zonse zofunika, foundry ndi zina zotero. Zonsezi inamangidwa ndi njerwa apamwamba. Mu 1895 ku Paris, ndende linga ndi Moscow akhala chimatengedwa ngati opambana mu Russia. Panali Leon Trotsky, George Kotovsky ndi Mishka Jap.

mpingo woyamba, ndiye m'ndende

Irkutsk m'ndende linga ndi waluso lapadera, woyamba ndi mwala khoma (1800) anayamba kumanga mpingo. Iwo anamangidwira pa chipata chapakati ndipo opatulidwira Bishop Benjamin mu 1803 ulemu chifukwa cha Boris ndi Gleb. Iwo anamanga pa zopereka anthu. chipembedzochi ndi mawonekedwe wochepa ndi kufanana lamanja, belu nsanja anapereka nsanja. mu 1857 kuyamba kumanga nyumbayi. Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito kale ovomerezeka Meya I. I. Shats kukonzedwa. Iwo adapempha kuwonjezera pa zina zofunikla - osambira, m'makhitchini wambiri chofunika ndi nyumba wosamalira lapansi. Kusintha wina amapereka kwa yomanga kwambiri yaying'ono nyumba onse, anaganiza kumanga nsanja yachiwiri ya nyumba zazikulu, amene analola kuti amange nyumba osiyana wosamalira lapansi. Ndipo pomanga thupi waukulu wa miyala unayambitsidwa mu 1958. Ndipo monga ndende zaka yomweyo kuwonongedwa, akaidi yochepa anaikidwa wokalamba fakitale nyumba nsalu ndipo anayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito monga ogwira ntchito yomanga m'linga, ngakhale ndi malipiro yaing'ono.

njira malonda

Tinamanga m'ndende linga mozungulira dziko lapansi, ndi kulola kuti athe kuzindikira ndi kuika pamodzi ndi antchito abwino. Mwa akaidiwo anali pambuyo analemba magulu akatswiri a omanga ndi ozimitsa moto. Ndipo pamene ntchito yonse inatha pofika chilimwe cha 1960, pamalowo sichinayambe, achita m'Mphamvu mu November 1961. akaidiwo linasamukira yekha mu December 1861. Chinapangidwa ndi A. I. Losev, Nyumbayi ili kale kale maofesiwo wokongola kwambiri Irkutsk. Ntchito yomanga zinachitikadi pali pafupifupi onse nthawi - ndiye anamanga msonkhano wa kusoka zovala akunja, anamanga kuchipatala nyumba, awiri odzazidwa-4 3-storey nyumba ya nyumba ya ndodo ndi cantor. Popeza 2006, m'nyumbayi chinamasulidwa mu malo a insulator lapansi. Akaidi wotchuka anali F. E. Dzerzhinsky ndi AV Kolchak. Ili kunja kwa okwatiranawo kundende alipo mu nyumba nambala 63. kukokera kungakhale sitima nambala 4 basi chiwerengero 64 ndi 4k (kusiya Kazan msika).

anthu aiwala ndi Mulungu

Danilovsky m'ndende linga tsopano anasiya ndi kuwonongedwa. Anamanga mu 60s wa m'ma XIX monga m'ndende kumeneko, ankaperekerako cholinga chake mpaka 1960. Ndiye, mu nyumba ya m'linga utsogoleri wa dera Yaroslavl zinamangidwa malo kwa Civil silikhali, lithe mu 2000. Tsopano mabwinja ndi chosaiwalika cha mzinda Danilov. Prison Castle mu chigawo Cherni Tula inamangidwa ndi wamanga A. Meyngardom mu zaka 1849-1855. The ndende ina yaing'ono, yosanjikizana, ndi kwake kunali mpingo waung'ono. Koma panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri izo inawonongedwa, ngakhale zithunzi anakhalabe yaing'ono.

Part wa mbiri ya mzindawu

Ndiponso ali ndi linga ndende yake Chembara (1948 - Belinsky). Malowa ali pamtunda m'dera Penza. Nyumba iyi kakusintha ndi metamorphosis chodabwitsa. Anamumanga zaka 1854-1856 pa msika, Yehova waliteteza ndipo tsopano. Kuyambira 1985 mpaka posachedwapa kuti inali Ana Art House, monga pamaso - sekondale. Zitasintha mwamphamvu mwala khoma chinang'ambika pansi, ndi nyumba ziwiri storey chinaperekedwa kwa chiwerengero sukulu 1. Koma mu ndende mayenje a mdima ndi zipinda wozunzikirapo. Posachedwapa, nyumba mwadongosolo akatenga yobetcherana, koma zopempha boma kuti boma kuti likhale kwa nyumba mndandanda wa zinthu ya cholowa chikhalidwe cha mzinda. Koma kwenikweni, nyumba yakale m'ma 160 zaka, chidwi ndi mbiri ya kumanga naye wamalonda wachiwiri munalidi gulu K. A. Shugaevym mpingo iconostasis. Iye anamanga ndi ndalama zake pokumbukira makolo ake.