Russian Black Sea zombo: kapangidwe ndi mndandanda wa zombo

Pambuyo zochitika za 2014 Crimea kachiwiri chidwi osati Russia, komanso mwina dziko. Ndipo si manyazi ndale pakati pa maiko awiri - Russia ndi Ukraine. Ndipo si kuti changu chimene Russia yapangitsa Crimea ntchito. Ndipo atabwerako Crimea Russian Black Sea zombo wapeza moyo wachiwiri.

Si chinsinsi m'zaka za umwini ndi Ukraine Crimea gombe Crimea chitukuko kwambiri mochedwa, ndi chuma kwa chuma cha boma pa ntchito yokonza dziko la allocated pang'ono kwambiri. Ichinso bwanji zapansi panyanja ku Crimea. Nkhaniyi kuyesa kulongosola zimene akanatha Russia ali kukhala Black Sea zombo mu Crimea chilumba.

Balaklava Bay. A mbiri pang'ono

Tikudziwa kuyambira kale dongosolo kumunda ngati Crimea anabwera pansi umwini wa Russia, ndi m'chombo Balaklava Bay Russian Black Sea zombo zinatumizidwa. Kuyambira 1776 Balaklava Greek oyenda battalion inali mu malo awa. Maziko a battalion uyu anali ochokera, ophunzira protivoosmanskogo kupanduka pa zilumba za m'nyanja ya Aegean. Tikumbukenso kuti ambiri Tsarina Catherine Wamkulu, izo tinaonera mtima wawo wolimba Ahelene.

Kuyambira 1853 mpaka 1856, pa Crimea nkhondo, Balaklava Bay ndipo anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Britain. Iwo anabwerera mu Balaklava Bay m'munsi asilikali ndi zoona, kale kunja zolimbanirana ndi thandizo asilikali anali pa kuzinga Sebastopol.

Mu gulu la zombo pakati Ukraine ndi Russia monga wa August 1994 pa Black Sea zombo mu Crimea anali okwana 153rd ndi 155th Brigade wa Division 14.

Mu ichi Division 475 TH anali 14 TH chachikulu ndi 9 sing'anga sitima zankhondo ndipo akuyandama sitima zankhondo m'munsi.

Koma ine ndiyenera kunena kuti sitima zapamadzi "Zaporizhia" (Project 641), ceded kwa Ukraine pa gulu la zombo, ndi magawo luso kwa Nawonso achichepere anali osayenera.

Ndipo pambuyo gulu la zombo, iye anatumizidwa ku doko kwa kukonza, amene adakali akuyesera kuti igwire Chiyukireniya apanyanja.

Pambuyo 1995 Russian Navy Kenaka atachoka madzi Ukraine, Balaklava m'munsi linasiyidwa. Ndipo enieni "eni" anali alenje zitsulo akakhala ndi nonferrous, monga m'munsi ali ndi kufufuza yaikulu zida ndi makina.

Ndipo patapita zaka zochepa pamene Russian Black Sea zombo anasiya madzi m'zigawozo Ukraine, Balaklava m'munsi anali kuona zoopsa.

Ndi chinthu akuyendayenda mzinda ndi Bay anakhala chomera mobisa adzabwezeretse ndi kukonza sitima zankhondo Black Sea zombo. Top-chinsinsi m'munsi anali mwakhama ntchito ndi Soviet Union pa Cold nkhondo ndi monga sitolo zida za nyukiliya.

Bwino ntchito m'munsi chinsinsi, koma kuchita maulendo a asilikali sitima zapamadzi m'munsi alendo, akuluakulu Chiyukireniya sindinapeza.

Iwo analekanitsa Black Sea zombo

mgwirizano pa unsembe ndi zinthu Russian Black Sea zombo kukhala mu madzi Kupititsa ndi madoko a Ukraine yosainidwa mu Kiev pa 28 May 1997, pa maziko a mgwilizano intergovernmental. Komanso mwachindunji zikhalidwe za kulekana kwa Black Sea zombo ndi midzi zokhudzana mugawo ili. Mapale akhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi boma Duma ndi nyumba yamalamulo Chiyukireniya 1999

pangano kunapangitsa kugawanitsa Russian Black Sea zombo ndi Chiyukireniya apanyanja. M'munsi chachikulu ndi likulu, anaganiza kusiya Sevastopol. A katundu mkangano amayenera kumwedwa mgwirizano nkhani pa nsoka wa chuma. Russia Choncho ananyamuka 87,7% ndi Ukraine - 12,3% ziwiya zonse.

Panthawi zimenezi zikugwirizana za malamulo a Black Sea zombo ndi tsoka ake wotsatira, ndithudi, moyipa anakhudzidwa imapanga awo nkhondo. Ambiri kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka 1997. chochitika amaziona ngati choona kuti Black Sea zombo Russia pang'onopang'ono koma ndithudi kufa.

Black Sea zombo pa Mwachidule

Kuyerekezera zikuchokera n'zosangalatsa kumva za nyengo sangathe kulimbikitsa makhalidwe a anthu a pa.

Choncho, yerekezerani manambala.

1. The Black Sea zombo mu 1991:

- ogwira - anthu 100 zikwi ..

- The nambala ya sitima - 835 magulu onse alipo:

• sitima zankhondo - 28;
• chida cruiser - 6;
• odana cruisers - 2;
• BOD II udindo, ofunkha ndi zombo kulondera II kalasi - 20;
• TFR - 40 mayunitsi;
• ang'ono maboti zida ndi zombo - 30;
• trawlers - 70;
• amphibious zombo - 50;
• Naval Aviation - kuposa mayunitsi anayi.

2.Chernomorsky Russian zombo mu 1997:

• Chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira - anthu 25 zikwi .. (Kuphatikizapo 2 zikwi. Man nkhondo ndege ndi sitima Corps).
• Chiwerengero cha zombo - 33.
• La ndege ku zombo za - 106 (zomwe 22 nkhondowo).
• magalimoto oti muli nazo zida - 132.
• Lamulo posts - 16 (zaka 80).
• maofesi Communication - 11 (kwa 39).
• Pakompyuta maofesi utumiki - 11 (zinali 40).
• Zinthu kumbuyo - 9 (50).
• Kukonza sitima maofesi - 3 (7).

Mu gawo 1997 wa Navy Chiyukireniya anali:

• Zombo Zankhondo - 30.
• Sitima zankhondo - 1.
• Nkhondowo ndege - 90.
• Special cholinga zombo - 6.
• kuonetsetsa Court - mayunitsi 28.

The zikuchitika ya Black Sea zombo

Black Sea usilikali mndandanda wa Russia nthawizonse wakhala ndipo mpaka pano zinthu zazikulu bata ndi chitetezo kum'mwera malangizo nyanja kupita. Black Sea zombo Zombo Zankhondo chabe kuchita zonse zimene tingathe pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito imeneyi ndi m'malire a Nyanja Black ndi Mediterranean.

Koma Black Sea zombo akhoza kugwira ntchito nkhondowo komanso madera osiyana a nyanja.

Russian Black Sea zombo zombo bwinobwino kugwira ntchito mu nyanja ya Japan, kugwilizana ndi Baltic zombo. Bwalo la gulu kuti nawo ntchito zoyendera zombo yokonza kunyamula zida za mankhwala a Asiriya Nyanja Mediterranean.

Pa maziko mosaleka kuonetsetsa Black Sea zombo zombo akugonjetsa mavuto a kulimbana kuberana kwazaluso.

Kuwonjezeka mlingo wa nkhondowo

Crimea Kubweranso kwa kapangidwe ka Russia mosakayikira patsogolo nkhondowo mphamvu ya Black Sea zombo. Russia pa maziko anakonza ndi mwayi bwino kukhala Navy pa Crimea chilumba.

Magulu panyanja adzaikidwa mu Crimea, dongosolo Integrated, womwenso ndi zapansi dziko. Russian Black Sea zombo amamuonera m'munsi chachikulu malawi a zombo - Sevastopol.

mfundo kachitidwe malawi ofotokoza ndi zomangamanga panyanja - Kudzidalira ndi magwiridwe. Muyenera kuti adzathe akonzekeretse danga ofotokoza pamwamba zombo ndi sitima zankhondo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja asilikali chitetezo cha zonse zofunikira kupereka utumiki wathunthu ndi moyo.

List of Black Sea zombo zombo

Buku akupereka deta mwatsatanetsatane zomwe tikhoza amanena zimene Russian Black Sea zombo lero.

Kopeleka malipiro pamwamba zombo thirtieth Chigawo:

• Alonda chida cruiser "Moskva".
• "Kerch" - lalikulu antisubmarine sitimayo.
• Watchdog ngalawa "akuthwa-witted".
• Oyang'anira ngalawa "Chabwino".
• Oyang'anira ngalawa "kufuna".

The zikuchokera kwa ankafika zombo 197th Brigade:

Large amphibious zombo:

• "Nikolai Phylchenkov".
• "Orsk".
• "Saratov".
• "Azov".
• "Novocherkassk".
• "Kaisara Kunikov".
• "Yamal".

The zikuchokera kwa 68 TH Brigade Alonda zombo:

Small antisubmarine zombo:

• "Aleksandrovets".
• "Muromets".
• "Suzdalets".

Nyanja trawlers:

• "Kovrovets".
• "Ivan Holubec."
• "Turbinist".
• "Wotsatila asilikali Zhukov."

sitima zankhondo:

• "Rostov pa-Don" - B237.
• "Novorossiysk" - B261.
• (Tika- "Zaporozhye") - B435.
• "Alrosa" - B871.

Chida maboti 41st Brigade:

• "Bora".
• "Sandstorm".
• "Lezani mtima".
• "Ngatimadzi".

The zikuchokera kwa 295-TH magawano Sulina:

Chida maboti:

• "P-60".
• "P-71".
• "P-109".
• "P-239".
• "Ivanovets".

The zikuchokera kwa 184th Brigade (Novorossiysk)

zombo Antisubmarine:

• "Povorino".
• "Yeisk".
• "Kasimov".

trawlers:

• "Zheleznyakov".
• "Valentin Pikul".
• "Wotsatila asilikali Zakhar'in".
• "Maminolo Madzi".
• "Mkulu Ilyin."
• "RT 46".
• "PT-278".
• "D 144".
• "D-199".
• "D-106".

Iwo analibe kuyang'ana malo komwe likulu la Russian Black Sea zombo adzaikidwa. Sevastopol anali abwino kwambiri chifukwa izi (mu malo, mpaka March 19, 2014 wakhala oyikidwa ndi likulu la asilikali apanyanja Chiyukireniya).

Ziyembekezo chitukuko ya sitima zapamadzi zombo

Pambuyo mabwalo mu Black Sea gawo ndi zida ndi sitima zapamadzi - dizilo "Alrosa".

Pakali pano, Russia ali pulogalamu gawo mphamvu sitima zapamadzi asilikali a Black Sea zombo. Mmene kukhazikitsa zimenezi, Russia ndi Black Sea zombo sitima zapamadzi adzaona kale mu 2016.

Ndi nthawi iyi kuyembekezera akamaliza sitima zankhondo asanu latsopano dizilo. kubwezeretsa imeneyi ya sitima zapamadzi zombo adzakhala ukasintha kusintha muyezo wa mphamvu mu Nyanja Black.

BSF tsopano angathe kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana mu kuya m'madzi ndi kukhazikitsa magulu zolinga nkhondo.

Tentative masiku alowe sitima zankhondo zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kale 22 August 2015 ku St. Petersburg analeredwa ndi mbendera St. Andrew pa dizilo-magetsi sitima zapamadzi "Novorossiysk". Patapita mayesero m'ziwawa pa nyanja osiyanasiyana kumpoto zombo, iye Mosakayikira kupita ku malo a nyumba yaitali.

The sitima zapamadzi chachitatu cha mndandanda wa ziwiya kwa Black Sea zombo za pulogalamu 636 - "Stary Oskol" - unayambitsidwa pa August 28, 2015 Pambuyo ntchito ndi boma la kuyezetsa zovuta "Stary Oskol" adzatenga malo ake monga mbali ya Black Sea zombo.

Koma si onse. Kupitiriza akamaliza sitima zankhondo zam'madzi alumikizana, "Krasnodar" ndi anamaliza anapezerapo "Rostov pa-Don".

Iwo adzaikidwa sitima zankhondo awiri polojekiti kulimbikitsa Black Sea zombo sitima zapamadzi - "Kolpino" ndi "The Great Novgorod".

Onse 6 sitima zankhondo "636 dizilo" pulogalamu - magetsi ndi mpaka 2016 iwo adzakhala umasamutsidwa ku Russian Black Sea zombo. Oyeretsa mwa sitima zankhondo za izi likakhazikitsidwa komanso wophunzitsidwa malo maphunziro a apanyanja.

ndege sitimayo ofotokoza

Inde, Black Sea zombo afunika kukhala ndi malo ndege zonse. Tsopano n'zotheka mlingo wa zombo watsopano panyanja ndege. Iwo ankafuna kuti kusintha Lamulungu 24 ndege latsopano Lamulungu 30 MS.

M'pofunikanso tisaiwale kuti Crimea ndi wapadera ya ulusi. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndege chonyamulira ofotokoza ndege ya kumpoto zombo mu Crimea kuti amanoledwa luso lawo pa zovuta wapadera.

Akuchuluka mlingo wa kukonza zombo alipo mu Black Sea zombo. Zonsezi adzalola kufika pamlingo anakonzeratu ndi kupereka ndege Russian Black Sea zombo. The zikuchokera ndege wokonzeka kuchita utumwi nkhondowo kukhala mkati 80% kuchuluka chofunika.

Recreating machitidwe zochokera

Kukuyenera recreate pa Crimea Peninsula, dongosolo kunyumba zimene akwaniritsa zofunikira zonse ntchito ya umishonare kunkhondo ku dera.

m'munsi Home anakhazikika Sevastopol, mu zinthu zomwezo kwa analamula ya Black Sea zombo adzakhala kufalitsidwa.

Lamulo chachikulu machitidwe Kusinthaku potengera ndi ufulu wawo wonse pa maziko a magwiridwe ndi Kudzidalira. Doko, kumene Russian Black Sea zombo adzaikidwa, zikuchokera zombo, onse pamwamba ndi pansi pa madzi, adzakhala kupatsidwa zonse muyenera kunyamula utumiki wathunthu ndi moyo.

Choncho zomera mu Crimea mu nthawi yaifupi kudzakhala amenewa kupanga kuti akakumane amafuna ano njira zamakono. Pofuna kutumikira zombo zatsopano, zomwe kufika pa Russian Black Sea zombo, amayamba phased m'malo a zida zatsopano makina.

Tsopano, la feduro ogwira unitary mu Sevastopol kwenikweni ndi moyo. Zakhala anakonza awiri akuluakulu odana ndi sitima zapamadzi zombo za kumpoto zombo (iwo ali mbali ya ntchito mphamvu ya Navy mu Nyanja Mediterranean).

Komanso pa chomera ntchito yokonzera dizilo sitima zapamadzi "Alrosa". Komanso tisaiwale kuti malipiro ogwira chafika mlingo zonse Russian.

Tsopano Russian Black Sea zombo mu Sevastopol kutenga masiku kukonza m'munsi.

Ntchito yomweyo chikuchitika Novorossiysk pa pulogalamu feduro akulimbana nanu mpaka 2020. Pogwiritsa ntchito, lili yomanga Novorossiysk malo analamula a magulu Black Sea zombo. Mu njira yomweyo, komanso Sevastopol, doko ndi osowa kuchinga mlatho ake, ndithudi pakhale nkhondo pamalo pena kutumizgika zombo Russian ndi sitima zankhondo.

kutiyesa zombo kwa Black Sea zombo

Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha navigation m'dera Black Sea, ndi Black Sea zombo adzakhala hydrographers osiyanasiyana yaikulu ya ntchito. Izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuchititsa maphunziro a mabuku a madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti kusintha mapu a panyanja. Hydrographic zombo kafukufuku BSF onani uziyenda kachitidwe wailesi navigation, kenako kukonza ndi wamakono.

Lamavutoli lonse ntchito adzakhala kwambiri bwanji chitetezo cha navigation m'chigawo kuti, nawonso, adzakhala m'chitetezo Russia a Black Sea zombo, wapangidwa ngalawa nthawi zonse zatsopano.

Kotero, kuti akonzekeretse zovuta sitima zankhondo m'madzi ndi zombo pamwamba Black Sea zombo adzakhala wodzilemekeza ndi ziwiya sikisi, mosakayikira kukhudzanso zabwino imapanga chitetezo ndi kulola kugwira ntchito osati m'dera la udindo, amene amalola ya Black Sea zombo, komanso kunja.