Russian nzeru za m'ma 19: malingaliro, udindo wawo ndi kufunika

nzeru Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ochokera ziphunzitso zoweta ndale ndi udindo maganizo. Patsogolo m'ma otsiriza anapereka kwa dziko ngati anzeru monga M. Bakunin, PY Chaadaev, IV Kireyevsky FM Dostoevsky, AS Hamsters, KS Aksakov, TN Granovsky, AI Herzen, Ln Tolstoy, KN Leontiev, VG Belinsky, NV Fedorov, komanso zina zambiri theorists otchuka.

nzeru Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - ndi chinyezimiro cha kufunafuna maganizo asayansi amene anali mumaganiza ziwiri zosiyana - Westernism ndi Slavophilism. Othandiza kachitidwe yamasika mumayankhula za chitukuko cha chizindikiro mtundu wa boma, nakulitsa ziphunzitso, powona mmenemo angathe yaikulu tsogolo chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kulunjika kwa chipembedzo ichi, mu maganizo awo, ayenera asiya ake kukhala zinathandiza mphamvu zimene zingakuthandizeni kuthetsa mavuto ambiri Society.

A kutambasuka achilengedwe a chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu yodabwitsa ya ziphunzitso akhala malingaliro andale. Njira yoyenera ya chitukuko cha zoweta boma Russian nzeru ena a m'zaka za m'ma 19, a Slavophilism, ankaona monarchical boma. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa chifukwa kubzala cha Orthodox mu Russia anali kufunika kulimbikitsa autocracy. Pakati pa mbali ya gulu limeneli wosasamala KS Aksakov, IV Kireyevsky, AS Hamsters.

nzeru Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 amadziwikanso yodziwika ndi malingaliro andale ndi makhalidwe a azungu. Othandiza kulibe Mulungu yolembedwa ndi chuma ankalambira ntchito za Hegel, anali ndi maganizo zokomela otchedwa kwa chiwonongeko kwakukulu a boma alipo. maganizo chosintha anali amapereka mwa otsatira a kukuchititsa zimenezi amakhala osiyana, koma lingaliro la kugonjetsa autocracy ndi chitukuko cha sosholisimu anakhalabe pamlingo.

Azungu anayambitsa maphunziro Russian, kulimbikitsa patsogolo chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kukula kwa Gululi sayansi ya malangizo chimenechi ankaona patsogolo. Mu ntchito za MA Bakunin, AI Herzen, VG Belinsky, ng Chernyshevsky limasonyeza maganizo. Masomphenya a aliyense wojambula ali limatchula zake, koma mu zolemba theorists kunachokera ndi maganizo amenewa.

nzeru Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi mgodi wapatali mbiri ya dziko. Lero, chowonadi zandale ndiponso sitileka kusonyeza zitsanzo bwino mfundo atasemphana chinayambira oposa theka zapitazo.

Kudziwa mbiri ndi chitukuko cha mfundo yodziwika chikhalidwe mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 19, kumatithandiza kuona kuwala kwatsopano chodabwitsa modernity, monga chiyambi masukulu OPK. Othandiza kusintha - otsatira watsopano wa Slavophiles ndi chitsutso - azungu m'zaka 21. Kusiyana pakati pa m'mbuyomu ano Russia kuti pamaso mumaganiza otsutsana anali bwino chokongoletsedwa ndi chiyani kusakaniza. zodabwitsazi si choncho kuti: ". Slavophile chenicheni" kotero, kuti Westernising chiphunzitso akhoza kubisala Mwachitsanzo, "lamulo lofunika" wa dziko Russia alalikidwa boma boma, lomwe samaletsa a Orthodox chipembedzo ndi kusangalala ndi mwayi wapadera.